Ion-conducting ceramic membranes for renewable energy technologies

Reliance on renewable energy such as wind and solar power is an obvious choice to create an eco-friendly environment. Electric spring with noncritical load can be used to form smart load to address the stability issues resulting from intermittent renewable power. In this paper electric spring fed with batteries has been employed to improve the power factor with minimum harmonic injection in the distribution system. A current controller has been designed to control the line current with the objectives of reactive power compensation and harmonic cancellation. Simulated results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

This paper examines the dual efficiency of bioenergy, renewable hydro energy, solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy for selected OECD countries through an integrated model with energy, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Two questions are explored: Which renewable energy alternative is more dual efficient and productive? Which renewable energy alternative is best for a particular country? Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used for the efficiency evaluation, and the global Malmquist productivity index is applied for productivity analysis. Results indicate bioenergy as the most efficient renewable energy alternative with a 20% increase in average efficiency in 2016 compared to 2012. Renewable hydro energy, wind energy, and solar energy show a 17.5%, 16%, and 11% increase, respectively. The average efficiency growth across all renewable energy alternatives signifies major advancement. Country performance in renewable energy is non-monolithic; therefore, they should customize their renewable energy portfolio accordingly to their strengths to enhance renewable energy efficiency. Renewable hydro appears to have the most positive productivity change in 2016 compared to 2012, while solar energy regressed in productivity due to its scale inefficiency. All renewable energy alternatives have relatively equal average pure efficiency change. The positive trend in efficiency and productivity provides an incentive for policy makers to pursue further development of renewable energy technologies with a focus on improving scale efficiency.

Ion-conducting ceramic membrane reactors offer an opportunity to combine membrane separation processes directly with chemical reactions, leading to process intensification and, hence, benefits with regard to efficiency. Current research activities focus on membrane reactors due to their high intrinsic efficiency and great potential for the production of a large variety of commodity chemicals, energy carriers, and synthetic fuels. This includes the reduction of CO2 emissions and the utilisation of CO2.In this review, different concepts and principles of membrane reactor operation are presented followed by a comprehensive overview and discussion of different application cases. These applications are clustered according to the targeted products. The article discusses and evaluates the potential of the different concepts from the authors’ current perspective. We have not undertaken a ranking with respect to cost efficiency, process efficiency and applicability since the development levels are very different and in general at very low technology readiness levels (TRLs). However, the demonstration of one (or a few) membrane reactors at a commercially relevant size and price is urgently required in order to initiate more focussed research and development.The present review of membrane reactors aims to provide a broad overview of ongoing research activities regarding ceramic ion-conducting membrane reactors within the last ten years in the light of sustainable energy and chemical production.

Environmental Taxation and Subsidization in an Oligopolistic Wholesale Market of Electricity with Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources

Energy-related concerns about traditional resources include the depletion of fossil fuel, a dramatic increase in oil prices, the global warming effect caused by pollutant emissions from conventional energy resources, and the increase in the energy demand. These concerns have resulted in the recent remarkable growth of renewable energy industries [1-3]. Furthermore, renewable energy has become a significantly important research area for many researchers as well as for governments of many countries as they attempt to ensure the safety, long-term capability, and sustainability of the use of global alternative energy resources [2]. Renewable energy resources include solar, geothermal, wind, biomass, ocean, and hydroelectric energy. [4] In particular, both solar (i.e. photovoltaics) and wind energy are considered to be leading technologies with respect to electrical power generation. The study of photovoltaics (PV) has been carried out since the 1980s’ and is currently the most significant renewable energy resources available. According to the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), there has been a strong growth in the use of PV of 55 % and the worldwide solar PV electric capacity is expected to increase from 1,000 MW in 2000 to 140,000 MW by 2030 [5]. Moreover, it is forecast by the European Renewable Energy Council that this renewable electric energy could become sufficient to cover the base load and half of the global electricity energy demand by 2040 [6]. Generally in the PV industry, crystalline silicon has generally occupied about 95 % of the market share of materials, while only 5 % of all solar cells use amorphous silicon [7]. However, in order to improve the cost efficiency of solar cells by using less material, the thin-film PV module with amorphous silicon has become an active research and development (R&D) area [8]. In particular, solar cells that use amorphous silicon have the advantage of being able to generate a higher energy output under high temperatures than crystalline silicon solar cells, which are less affected by the temperature increase with respect to performance of electricity output than are the crystalline silicon solar cells. Moreover, installed at the rooftop and on the exterior wall of the building, a thin-film solar cell can be conveniently used as a facade that generates power for the entire building. This system is known as a building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV). The thin-film solar cell can also provide the advantage of heat insulation and shading when incorporated into a harmonious building design. Therefore, the thin-film solar cell is expected to be a very bright prospect as a new engine for economical growth in the near future. Currently in Korea, many researchers are conducting

This paper discusses modeling of a micro-grid with PV-Wind-Diesel generator hybrid system and its operations. The PV system is modeled with a DC/AC inverter with a pre-defined Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. Fixed speed induction generator based wind turbines are used to model the wind farm. The diesel generator controls are modeled with droop governor and automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The PV inverter controls, including MPPT and voltage droop, are modeled in the DC/AC inverter itself. The proposed MPPT control is more stable with additional input of PV cell temperature. The complete system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Performance of this system is studied on (i) fault tripping of the main grid and (ii) islanded operation of micro-grid with intermittent power from the wind and PV plants. The simulation results confirm the smooth operations of the proposed concept for disturbances from main grid as well as due to the intermittent wind and PV renewable power plants.

The rising usage of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to global climate change. Thus, addressing global environmental challenges requires a widespread switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Renewable energy reduces GHG emissions, extreme weather, and climate change while boosting energy efficiency. Indonesia ranks among Asia-Pacific's top five renewable energy producers. Indonesia, a vast country with abundant natural resources, has seen a rise in renewable energy demand as consumption has increased. Thus, this study examines Indonesia's renewable and sustainable energy technologies' existing position, possibilities, and future improvements. With 420 gigawatts (GW) of theoretical renewable energy capacity, Indonesia has great potential. This capacity includes 208 GW of solar, 75 GW of hydro, 61 GW of wind, 33 GW of biofuel, 24 GW of geothermal, and 19 GW of micro-hydro. The need to increase renewable energy consumption in Indonesia is driven by environmental and economic growth laws. This review study is expected to guide future research on renewable energy technology in Indonesia. This study would guide energy-related policies, particularly renewable energy ones, to meet future demands and goals.

With the rapid development of the intermittent renewable energy power generations such as wind power and solar power and the new random load such as EV, the double randomness become a great threat the safe and stable operation of power system. It has become a hot issue raised increasingly concern from the academic and engineering fields that how to reduce the randomness and volatility of the two sides of the system by utilizing the spatial-temporal complementary characteristics of different energy resources and loads. In this paper, the evaluation model of complementary characteristics between power and load across time and space based on the Power Big Data theory is proposed. By simulating the complementarity of the power supply and load between Northwest China and European load centres from three dimensions: load-load complementarity, source-source complementarity and source-load complementarity, it proves there are great complementary benefit by interconnecting the grids with different regions across continents, which provides a theoretical basis for the next implementation of the Global Energy Interconnection.

Limitations and potentials of oxygen transport dense and porous ceramic membranes for oxidation reactions

A deep learning-based forecasting model for renewable energy scenarios to guide sustainable energy policy: A case study of Korea

Climate change is a global challenge today that has been highly considered due to the wide impacts on different sectors of a society. That is why the use of renewable energy for countries and communities should be considered. In addition, the limitation of fossil fuels and the problems incurred by greenhouse gas emissions have made it increasingly important to make renewable energy more attractive. Sustainable energy means continuous supply of energy for today's needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable energy technologies include renewable energy sources such as hydroelectric power, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, synthetic photo center and wave energy, as well as technologies designed to improve energy efficiency. Thus, this article discusses the development and performance of renewable supply chain energy in Iran. A strategic model is proposed and investigated to cover various aspects of sustainable renewable energy within a supply chain configuration integrated with machine learning method for quantification purpose. The novelty is on integrating machine learning and strategic plan to handle sustainability indicators within a renewable energy supply chain. The study also provides managerial insights to governments, researchers and stakeholders for the initiation of renewable energy use and suggestions for overcoming the barriers to its developments.

What is the appropriate pricing mechanism for China’s renewable energy in a new era?

Introduction: To date, a variety of studies have been published on the topic of long term energy system transition. Most studies on future energy systems, however, have a shorter time frame or adopt a supranational focus (e.g. the Energy Roadmap, 2011 or the World Energy Outlook, 2015). It then constitutes a sincere challenge to perform a national energy system transition study with as time horizon 2050 and covering a far-reaching transformation of the energy system. VITO, together with the FPB (Federal Planning Bureau) and ICEDD, performed a study to scrutinise the transition of the Belgian national energy system towards a future mix entirely based on renewable energy sources. The focus on renewable energy sources and on building a national energy system completely running on renewable energy can be traced back to three main concerns: – Climate change: Renewable energy sources (RES) are a major instrument in the fight against climate change as RES do not release (net) greenhouse gas emissions. – Security...

This research provides an overview of Iraq's renewable energy prospects. One of the most important sorts of renewable energy resources in the world is wind energy. Wind energy is considered environmentally beneficial and very economical. These benefits are cited as the primary reasons for using wind turbines to generate power across the world. An assessment of the country's profile has been made, taking into consideration existing energy generation, crude oil production at current levels, gas flares that generate CO2 emissions, as well as industry, human activities, and grid electricity distribution. Iraq has power shortages, and several obstacles must be solved in order to satisfy projected increases in electrical demand. This analysis discovered that solar, wind, and biomass energy are now underutilized, but that they might play a key part in Iraq's sustainable energy future. Wind energy, for example, has become an important aspect in reducing pollution and improving air quality. The usage of tiny wind turbines to generate power under Iraqi meteorological conditions is examined in this study. The research evaluates the wind system that is necessary to provide electric power for highway services including lighting and parking. According to the study's findings, wind turbines can be used effectively for roadway illumination. The efficiency of a maximum wind turbine is determined by the blade design. For the planned use, the wind speed reported in Iraqi winter is pretty acceptable. Alternative and sustainable energy, wind energy, Iraqi climate are all index terms. The Iraqi government recently joined the Paris Climate Agreement and is now starting to encourage the participation of small and large consumers to generate electricity from renewable energy sources. This article analyzes the hybrid electrical system of solar and wind energy for the city of Dohuk, the northern part of Iraq, to find out the feasibility of this system compared to the local electrical network. First, access to solar and wind energy resources in Dohuk were ensured.

Renewable energy resources and technologies applicable to Ireland