Issues in Developing Functional Model(S) for Future Mobile Communication Networks

Universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) is a projected European standard of the CCIR defined future public land mobile telecommunication systems (FPLMTS) for third generation mobile communications. Race mobile project is studying issues related to UMTS. Race is the European Commission's programme on research and development in advanced communications in Europe. The main purpose of this programme is to introduce an integrated broadband communications network (IBCN) so that it provides an universal standard telecommunications system across Europe, with the capacity to meet demand in the early 21st. century

A prototype communications system with security features based on the Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems (FPLMTS) network architecture is described. User authentication and communication security in radio links between many closed user groups (CUGs), public and private, are discussed. A layered structure of key management and key distribution protocols are presented.

Mobile communication systems with increasing complexity have been developed, introducing the specification of mobile terminal networks and personal telephony services within a world environment (for instance, the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) according to the ETSI or the Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System (FPLMTS) according to the ITU-T). The article describes the key management mechanism that has to be implemented over the mobility procedure, called handover, in order to guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of services in the transmission of control/user information over the radiolink in the macrocells environment. The successful integration of these security services in the handover procedure will be determined by the selected protocol which permits early execution of key management in every macrocell in which the mobile terminal is roaming.

The role of satellite communications in networks that provide new services, such as frame relay and multimedia, is investigated. Both passive and active (onboard switching, processing) satellite systems are considered. Novel techniques are developed for each system to demonstrate, via detailed analysis, how the communications bandwidth agility of multipoint/broadcast satellite channels, and the switchability of spot beams, makes it feasible to provide these new services via satellite in a resource-efficient manner. The current worldwide revolution in the telecommunications environment has led to significant changes in the generation and transmission of information. The coupling of local and global communications networks can make information, databases, and processing power available virtually everywhere. The essential infrastructure for this connectivity depends on the integrated services digital network (ISDN). Well-specified standards will initiate a worldwide movement toward the implementation of ISDN, and the 1990s are likely to be the decisive era for establishing the foundation for this new communications architecture. ISDN standards for interfaces, signaling procedures, service definitions, and other operational and architectural features will provide a common framework for developing satellite network configurations that can offer a range of new and enhanced services. The key elements of such communications systems will be the communications bandwidth agility of multipointlbroadcast satellite channels, global coverage, and the deployment of very small aperture terminals and mobile satellite terminals (VSATs and MSATs). These factors will play a crucial role in the cost-effective realization of ISDN; intelligent network deployment; the future public land mobile telecommunications system (FTLMTS); and ultimately, the universal personal telecommunications (UPT) service. There is a distinct paradigm shift in the way these telecommunications networks are evolving. The next generation, which will incorporate frame relay, broadband ISDN

Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems will provide mobile telecommunications anywhere and anytime. A third generation global communication system, called the IMT-2000 family, is being developed to this purpose under the ITU umbrella.

This paper describes the functional network architecture and the air interface protocol architecture for the Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems. The functional network architecture consists of two planes: the communication control plane that provides functions directly related to communication setup, release and so on and radio resource control plane that provides radio resource selection and handover trigger detection. Information flows for some basic services including both call-associated and non-call-associated ones are discussed. The impacts on intelligent network capabilities are also discussed.

In Japan, mobile communication subscribers have been increasing rapidly, especially in the area of cellular telephones, radio paging, trunked system (called MCA) and cordless telephones. The digital cellular service was due to go into operation in the spring of 1993. The digital cordless telephone, digital trunked system end future public land mobile telecommunication system (FPLMTS) are considered. The author describes the following items; (1) mobile communication services in Japan; (2) personal mobile communications; and (3) future mobile communication terminals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Development of next generation mobile communication system (5G) is progressing rapidly. Standardization and regulatory bodies like 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or International Telecommunication Union (ITU) are working on definition of requirements which will enable global usage of 5G and ensure sufficient co-existence with previous generations of mobile communication systems like Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) or Long Term Evolution (LTE), as well as with other users of radio spectrum like satellite or radars. One of the key factors which distinguish 5G from previous technologies is the ability to operate in radio bands not accessible for LTE, i.e. higher than 6GHz. However, worse radio propagation conditions on higher frequencies require the usage of more directional antennas with higher maximum gains to compensate higher path loss in radio link budget. Particularly important in system evaluation and coexistence studies is correct modeling of power budget of radio link with directional antennas, both serving link and interfering link, as it impacts final signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), which is the basis of 5G requirements evaluation. In this paper authors are concentrated on the methods of system level simulation modeling of serving link and interfering link with directional antennas on both sides of the link. For assumed simulation scenarios it is shown that use of idealized antenna gain, that neglects the angle spread, leads to an overestimation of received power of serving link by around 15dB. A simple approximate evaluation method is shown to be within less than 2dB of the detailed 3D channel simulation.

This paper reports on the application of SAW filters in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the new third generation mobile communication system. A brief system overview of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) physical layer standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) will be presented. System simulations of a UMTS transceiver designed for commercial use are discussed. SAW filters are applied in both the transmit and receive path of the RF and IF parts. The correlations between filter characteristics, like group delay ripple, effective magnitude and phase errors, and system characteristics, such as Error Vector Magnitude (EVM), are evaluated. Such kind of system simulations covers not only the system design itself but also governs the design of SAW filters since it accounts for the special influence of the SAW RF and IF filter characteristics on the UMTS system performance.

In this work we investigate the influence of smart antenna concepts in the downlink of third generation mobile communication systems (3G) like UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) when packet scheduled transmission over downlink shared channels (DSCH) is carried out. We consider hexagonal site structures that are subdivided in three or six subsectors or cells. For the three sector case we investigate smart antenna concepts that use antenna arrays of two and four antenna elements. We illuminate beampointing and fixed beam switching and assume transmission of delay tolerant data such as E-mail or download applications utilising shared channels. Users are scheduled to shared code resources in a time multiplexed manner, where proportional fair and throughput fair scheduling algorithms are investigated. Results are presented in terms of average user throughput figures obtained from system level simulations. A significant increase in system packet data throughput shows when smart antenna concepts with four antenna elements are applied.

In this paper, we present a novel approach for using the smart antennas (SA) to exploit the space diversity for the next generations of mobile communication systems. We propose a combination of the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) and the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithms in one algorithm named MLMS. We propose the MUSIC algorithm for finding the direction of the users in the cell while we consider the LMS algorithm for enhancing the accuracy of the obtained Direction of Arrival (DOA) angles, performing the beam generation process, and keep tracking of the users in the cell. Furthermore, we propose a scheduling algorithm that performs the scheduling in terms of the generated beams. The space diversity, together with the time and frequency diversities of LTE (Long Term Evaluation) provide a large capacity enhancement to the next generations of wireless mobile communication systems. Our simulation results show that our novel approach has the capability to converge and completely follow the desired user signal with a very high resolution. The convergence and the accurate tracking of the desired user signal take place after 13 iterations while in the traditional LMS, the convergence needs 85 iterations to take place. This means 84.7% improvement over the traditional LMS algorithm for the same number of calculations in each iteration. In addition, our proposed scheduling scheme based on beamforming shows a gain of around 15% in the total aggregated data rate for each 10° decrease in the beam size.

IntroductionThe popularity of mobile communication systems has increased remarkably during the last decade and the market demand still continues to increase.As a fundamental part of these systems, antenna is one of the most important design issues in modern mobile communication units.Although there are several similar definitions, an antenna can be mainly described as a device, which transforms the electromagnetic waves in an antenna to radiating waves in an unbounded medium such as air in transmitting mode and vice versa in receiving mode.Because antennas are dependent on frequency, they are designed to operate for certain frequency bands.The rapid growth of mobile communication systems has forced to the use of novel antennas for base and mobile station applications (mobile phone, notebook computer, personal digital assistants (PDA), etc.).Earlier, mobile systems were designed to operate for one of the frequency bands of 2G (second generation) systems, which are Digital Cellular System (DCS), Personal Communications Service (PCS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks.Currently, many mobile communication systems use several frequency bands such as GSM 900/1800/1900 bands (890-960 MHz and 1710-1990 MHz); Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) and UMTS 3G expansion bands (1900-2200 MHz and 2500-2700 MHz); and Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)/Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) bands (2400-2500 MHz and 5100-5800 MHz) where the list of frequently used frequency bands is given in Table 1 ( Best, 2008).Conventionally, because a single antenna can not operate at all of these frequency bands of mobile communication, multiple different antennas covering these bands separately should be used.However, usage of many antennas is usually limited by the volume and cost constraints of the applications.Therefore, multiband and wideband antennas are essential to provide multifunctional operations for mobile communication.A multiband antenna in a mobile communication system can be defined as the antenna operating at distinct frequency bands, but not at the intermediate frequencies between bands.For example, a triple band antenna for GSM 900/1800/1900 bands can cover the frequency bands 890-960 MHz and 1710-1990 MHz (Ali et al., 2003); however, it does not operate properly at the frequencies such as 1200 MHz or 2500 MHz.On the other hand, a wideband antenna operates at every frequency points within a given frequency band.For example, a wideband antenna covering UMTS, extended UMTS and WLAN 2400 bands functions at every frequency points www.intechopen.com

A major challenge for next generation mobile communication is capturing the system architecture's complexity with all its internal and external dependencies. Seamless integration of heterogeneous environments in all system parts is a key requirement. Moreover, future systems have to consider the different evolution cycles of individual system parts. Among those, services are expected to change the fastest. With respect to these considerations, we propose an overall architecture for next generation mobile communication systems. It covers all system parts from wireless transmission to applications including network and middleware platform. Our approach focuses on adaptability in terms of reconfigurability and programmability to support unanticipated system evolution. Therefore, we consider abstraction layers which consist of adaptable cooperating components grouped by open platforms rather than rigid system layers. In addition to that, we introduce cross-layer cooperation allowing an efficient use of the available resources. Specific scenarios illustrate the feasibility of our approach.

This paper discusses about feasibility of common wireless communication services recognition concept for three different standards, i.e. global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) or wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), and long term evolution (LTE). They are in mobile telecommunication field also known well as 2G, 3G, and 3.9G respectively. In the term of cognitive system to recognize these three standard services, we investigate the initialization procedure and downlink signal structure as an important keys. As a result, there is big possibility to develop a common wireless communication services recognition for GSM, UMTS and LTE through a concept of synchronization channel detection.

This paper studies QoS (quality of service) management functions that are needed in 3/sup rd/ generation packet data networks. The current architecture of the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is described. The UMTS QoS architecture and QoS model are presented with important QoS parameters. The QoS management functionality is analysed against the presented QoS architecture and QoS model. The paper presents the functionality that needs to be implemented, to UMTS packet data networks, to be able to provide QoS for end-users. The paper concludes with the description of functions and their locations to be able to provide QoS efficiently in UMTS.