Issues in multiparadigm viewpoint specification

This paper presents a translation between the formal description technique LOTOS and the object-oriented specification language Object-Z. The need for such a translation lies in the use of formal methods in viewpoint specification, and in particular in the Open Distributed Processing standard. The use of viewpoints as a set of partial interlocking specifications brings an obligation to check the consistency of these partial specifications, and to do so we need to relate specifications written in differing languages. The work presented here supports the consistency checking of viewpoints written using formal methods by defining a translation from full LOTOS to Object-Z. A common semantic model is provided for the languages, and we verify the translation with respect to this model. The translation is illustrated with a small example.

A specification architecture for multimedia systems in Open Distributed Processing

Viewpoint consistency in ODP

During the last decade, evolutionary methods such as genetic algorithms have been used extensively for the optimal design and operation of water distribution systems. More recently, ant colony optimization algorithms (ACOAs), which are evolutionary methods based on the foraging behavior of ants, have been successfully applied to a number of benchmark combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, a formulation is developed which enables ACOAs to be used for the optimal design of water distribution systems. This formulation is applied to two benchmark water distribution system optimization problems and the results are compared with those obtained using genetic algorithms. The findings of this study indicate that ACOAs are an attractive alternative to GAs for the optimal design of water distribution systems, as they outperformed GAs for the two case studies considered both in terms of computational efficiency and their ability to find near global optimal solutions.

Recent developments in high-speed networks and highperformance workstations have led to the emergence of a new class of applications termed distributed multimedia applications. However, the range of distributed systems architectures currently being proposed to support open systems integration were largely conceived prior to these developments. Initial work directed towards the introduction of multimedia in environments compatible with ISO's Open Distributed Processing (ODP) standard has suggested that significant developments to the underlying architecture are required. These developments are now being reflected in new versions of the ODP standard. However, OSF's Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), currently emerging as a de-facto standard for distributed processing, does not fully address the requirements of multimedia computing. This paper reports on the impact that multimedia has had on the ODP community and examines how the community's experiences can be used as a basis for incorporating multimedia in DCE.KeywordsMultimedia ApplicationRemote Procedure CallDistribute Computing EnvironmentContinuous InterfaceBinding InformationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Multi-objective design of Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) has received considerable attention in the past. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are popular in tackling this problem due to their ability to approach the true Pareto-optimal front (PF) in a single run. Recently, several hybrid metaheuristics based on MOEAs have been proposed and validated on test problems. Among these algorithms, AMALGAM and MOHO are two noteworthy representatives which mix their constituent algorithms in contrasting fashion. In this paper, they are employed to solve a wide range of benchmark design problems against another state-of-the-art algorithm, namely NSGA-II. The design task is formulated as a bi-objective optimisation problem taking cost and network resilience into account. The performance of three algorithms is assessed via normalised hypervolume indicator. The results demonstrate that AMALGAM is superior to MOHO and NSGA-II in terms of convergence and diversity on the networks of small-to-medium size; however, for larger networks, the performance of hybrid algorithms deteriorates as they lose their adaptive capabilities. Future improvement and/or redesign on hybrid algorithms should not only adopt the strategies of adaptive portfolios of sub-algorithms and global information sharing, but also prevent the deterioration mainly caused by imbalance of constituent algorithms.

The design and performance of distributed signal detection systems with processor failures is presented. Using a general processor fault model, which also models an imperfect channel, the optimal design given prior failure probabilities is considered. The optimal design provides a performance bound for each system when failures may occur. It is shown that for general distributed systems, a likelihood ratio test is the optimal design for each local processor, provided failures are independent of the received observation vectors. The optimal design performs significantly better than the design that assumes no failures. It is shown that the fusion network performs better than a single centralized processor for many channels. This illustrates that, for the fusion network, the performance gained by decreasing the effect of failures outweighs the performance lost by distributing the processing. The serial network always performs worse than centralized; its performance is bounded as the number of channels increases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Design of an advanced electric power distribution systems using seeker optimization algorithm

The state of the art in distribution system analysis is examined with respect to distributed generation (DG). The types of analysis required for DG evaluation are described briefly. Then 14 challenges with respect to this subject are described and areas ripe for further research are pointed out.

If one looks at different designs of distribution systems around the world, it should be obvious that some utility systems can tolerate greater levels of harmonics than others. It should also be obvious that there has been no real attempt to categorize or generalize the differences in a manner which would permit one to assess the appropriate limits to apply to a given type of system. This paper attempts to characterize and quantify some of the major differences so that one can better understand what limits to assign to a particular system. The main source of the harmonics considered in this paper is single-phase equipment.

Preface to the Second Edition. Acknowledgments. CHAPTER 1 Benefits of Electric Power and a History of theElectric Power Industry. 1.1 Societal Benefits of Electricity. 1.2 Origin of the Industry. 1.3 Development of the National Electric Power Grid. 1.4 The Golden Age. 1.5 Global Warming Crisis and Concerns about CarbonEmissions. 1.6 Restructuring, Competition, and the Industry OwnershipStructure. CHAPTER 2 Electric Power System. 2.1 Customers. 2.2 Sources of the Electric Energy Generation. 2.3 Delivery System. CHAPTER 3 Basic Electric Power Concepts. 3.1 Electric Energy. 3.2 Concepts Relating to the Flow of Electricity. 3.3 Characteristics of AC Systems. 3.4 Ohm's Law for Alternating Current. 3.5 Power in Alternating Current Circuits. 3.6 Power Flow. 3.7 Stability. CHAPTER 4 Electric Energy Consumption. 4.1 End Uses for Electricity. 4.2 Customer Classes. 4.3 Rate Classes. 4.4 Demand and Energy. 4.5 System Load. 4.6 Reactive Load. 4.7 Losses and Unaccounted-For Energy in the DeliverySystem. 4.8 Forecasts. CHAPTER 5 Electric Power Generation and Concerns AboutGreenhouse Gases. 5.1 Generation's Role. 5.2 Types of Generation. 5.3 Thermal Conversion: Using Fuel as the Energy Resource. 5.4 Thermal Conversion: Nonfuel Heat Sources. 5.5 Mechanical Energy Conversion. 5.6 Renewable Technologies and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 5.7 Characteristics of Generating Plants. 5.8 Capital Cost of Generation. 5.9 Generator Life Extension. 5.10 Technology of Generation. 5.11 System Needs and Evaluation of Intermittent Resources. CHAPTER 6 Technology of the Electric TransmissionSystem. 6.1 Components. 6.2 HVAC. 6.3 Substations. 6.4 HVDC. 6.5 Advantages of AC over DC Operation. 6.5 Knowledge Required of Transmission Systems. CHAPTER 7 Distribution. 7.1 Function of Distribution. 7.2 Primary Distribution Feeders. 7.3 Distribution Capacity. 7.4 Losses. 7.5 Distribution Facility Ratings. 7.6 Metering. 7.7 Control of Distribution Voltages. 7.8 Distribution System Reliability. 7.10 Quality of Service. 7.11 Design of Distribution Systems. 7.12 Distributed Generation. 7.13 Operation of Distribution Systems. 7.14 Smart Grids and Microgrids. CHAPTER 8 Energy Storage and Other New Technologies. 8.1 Energy Storage. 8.2 Energy Storage Concepts and Technologies. 8.3 Smart Grid. 8.4 New Nuclear Plant Designs. 8.5 Carbon Sequestration and Clean Coal Technologies. 8.6 Superconductors. CHAPTER 9 Reliability. 9.1 Causes of Outages. 9.2 Costs of Power Outages. 9.3 Ways to Measure Reliability. 9.4 Planning and Operating a Reliable and Adequate PowerSystem. 9.5 Summary. CHAPTER 10 Physical Network: North American ElectricReliability Corporation (NERC) and Its Standards. 10.1 NERC as Electric Reliability Organization. 10.2 NERC Standards. 10.3 Development of Standards. CHAPTER 11 Physical Network: Operation of the ElectricBulk Power. 11.1 Balancing Authorities. 11.2 Reliability Coordinators. 11.3 Transmission Operators. 11.4 Voltage and Reactive Control. 11.5 Emergencies. 11.6 Information Exchange. CHAPTER 12 Physical Network: Planning of the ElectricBulk Power System. 12.1 Planning Standards. 12.2 Generation Planning. 12.3 Transmission Planning. 12.4 Least Cost Planning. 12.5 New Planning Environment. CHAPTER 13 Regulatory Network: Legislation. 13.1 Pricing and Regulation. 13.2 Federal Legislation. 13.3 Federal Utility Holding Company Act (PUHCA). 13.4 Federal Power Act. 13.5 Other 1930 Federal Laws. 13.6 Department of Energy Organization Act. 13.7 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). 13.8 Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct02). 13.9 Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct05). 13.10 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. 13.11 Environmental Laws. 13.12 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. CHAPTER 14 Regulatory Network: Regulators. 14.1 Regulators. CHAPTER 15 Information, Communication, and ControlNetwork and Security. 15.1 Smart Grid. 15.2 Financial and Business Operations. 15.3 System Operations. 15.4 Distribution Operations. 15.5 Cyber Security. 15.6 Nuclear Plant Security. CHAPTER 16 Fuel and Energy Network. 16.1 Resource Procurement. 16.2 Fuel Transportation. 16.3 Fuel Diversity. 16.4 Fossil Fuels Used. 16.5 Renewable Energy. 16.6 Fuel Purchasing. 16.7 Emission Rights. CHAPTER 17 Business Network: Market Participants. 17.1 Investment and Cost Recovery. 17.2 Changing Industry Structure. 17.3 New Structures. 17.4 New Corporate Ownership. CHAPTER 18 Money Network: Wholesale Markets. 18.1 Energy Markets. 18.2 Transmission. 18.3 Customer Late Issues. 18.4 Market versus Operational Control. 18.5 Market Power Issues. 18.6 Future. CHAPTER 19 Professional and IndustryOrganizations. 19.1 Professional Organizations. 19.2 Industry Associations. 19.3 Public Interest Groups. 19.4 Research Organizations. Index.

On behalf of the entire Organizing Committee it is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 8th joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, an internationally renowned forum for researchers, practitioners, and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, experiences, and challenges in the field of software engineering. Every second year FSE is jointly organized with ESEC on the Old Continent of Europe. This year's host city is Szeged in the South of Hungary. Szeged, which has always been referred to as the city of sunshine, is simply beautiful and has an atmosphere that no other city has in Hungary. Its sights, like the Votive church, the Synagogue, the Hero's Arch, and the University of Szeged all give a distinct character to the town. From September until late June, the local cafés, restaurants, shops, and streets are all noisy from the lively bustle of university students and the whole town is turned into a nest of youthful spirit. Let us invite you to be part of this unique atmosphere and enjoy your stay during the ESEC/FSE 2011 Conference. This year's program promises to be very exciting. The research track call for papers attracted 203 papers from all continents. After extensive virtual and physical discussions, the Program Committee accepted 34 papers covering a large veriety of software engineering topics -- ranging from mining software archives and empirical studies over program analysis and testing to collaboration, models, and requirements. Three papers received an ACM SIGSOFT Distinguished Paper Award; they are marked in the table of contents. With this ESEC/FSE, we especially wanted to encourage authors to provide artifacts -- tools or data sets that would help others to build on earlier work. A third of the authors of accepted papers submitted artifacts, judged and assessed by an Artifact Evaluation Board. Authors were enthusiastic about participating and eager to improve their packages, further motivated by a 1,000 US$ Best Artifact Award from Microsoft Research. Overall, seven artifacts were found to meet or exceed expectations, and thus are especially recommended by the Board as a base for future research; you will find them marked in the table of contents. The whole-day industrial track is another newly added element of the ESEC/FSE program with the purpose to facilitate an open exchange of ideas between academic researchers and practitioners in industry. ESEC/FSE 2011 will also feature Technical Briefings, an all-day event for communicating the state of topics related to software engineering. This year's conference also offers a comprehensive student program, including the Doctoral Symposium, the Technical Briefings and the PhD Working Groups (PWGs). PWGs are offered for PhD students and other young (pre-doc) researchers with the aim of providing them with the opportunity to meet prominent senior researchers in certain software engineering fields and work with them throughout the conference week.

Petri nets can be applied to areas as diverse as software architecture, distributed system design, protocol verification, etc. This paper is dedicated to Petri net techniques using in the information system design process. The specification and verification of an information system in Petri net notation and its abilities and issues are described. Software life-cycle and validation, prototyping, and code generation are described. The application domain is also given.

Power distribution system design of the green well-off villages and small towns in East China is studied in this paper. Electricity load forecasting, power distribution and energy-saving systems design, effect of distributed energy accessing to the villages and small towns grid are studied. Finally, the advices are given on the power distribution system design of the green well-off villages and small towns.

Growing power demand and carbon emissions is motivating utility providers to introduce smart power systems. One of the most promising technology to deliver cheaper and smarter electricity is demand side management. A DSM solution controls the devices at user premises in order to achieve overall goals of lower cost for consumer and utility. To achieve this various technologies from different domains come in to play from power electronics to sensor networks to machine learning and distributed systems design. The eventual system is a large, distributed software system over a heterogeneous environment and systems. Whereas various algorithms to plan the DSM schedule have been proposed, no concerted effort has been made to propose models and architectures to develop such a complex software system. This lack of models provides for a haphazard landscape for researchers and practitioners leading to confused requirements and overlapping concerns of domains. This was observed by the authors in developing a DSM system for their lab and faculty housing. To this end in this paper we present a model to develop software systems to deliver DSM. In addition to the model, we present a road map of software engineering research to aid development of future DSM systems. This is based on our observations and insights of the developed DSM systems.