‘Japanese music’ can be popular

It is necessary to consider an examination that causes our interests, attitudes and behaviors towards art and makes the creation and consumption of art meaningful and understandable from different perspectives. The interaction between the elements of social structure and art is one of the areas that can be addressed in this sense. This situation requires a shift to a sociological point of view because it contains theoretical bases that will enable the examination. One of the theoretical structures that will enable a sociological examination is Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus. The concept of habitus represents our habits, tendencies, appreciations, etc. While thinking about our artistic tendencies, appreciations, behaviors and predispositions, the role and decisiveness of habitus emerge as an approach that we can use in theory. This study aims to try to explain the concept of habitus, which is mentioned with sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, in the context of Visual Arts Education. The research was created based on the literature review. Within the scope of the literature, the theoretical foundations of the concept of habitus have been explained and summarized, and the basic characteristics of habitus have been interpreted through art and visual arts education. Based on the findings of the research, the concept of habitus has emerged as a theoretical approach that will help art education researchers to make sense of artistic and educational behaviors and encourage them to think deeper about the subject.

The work of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu has stimulated new interest in habituated forms of conduct. His concept of habitus has become a leading reference in the growing sociological literature on theories of human action as practices. This article presents Bourdieu's concept of habitus by calling attention to its intellectual context and identifying the features that relate to the sociology of habit. The article identifies common characteristics of action regulated by habit and offers four programmatic implications for occupational therapy interventions.

This study uses the concepts of Bourdieu’s sociological theory to investigate factors influencing technology use in teaching African languages. The study contends that language lecturers’ choices in teaching with technology were affected by the social phenomena of the field in which they operate. By adopting Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital, and field, the study offers a multi pronged approach to understanding the complex nature of the relationship between practices of individuals and social structures. A thematic textual analysis was used to investigate the attitudes of lecturers who taught African languages in selected public universities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The analysis reveals a mutually reinforcing relationship between individuals who operate in the teaching field and their behavioural attitudes towards using technology in teaching African languages. The study contributes to understanding how individuals and groups navigate different social and cultural contexts and how they could use their resources to the advantage of their fields. In addition, the study showed how agents actively try to shape their current teaching practices and adopt new approaches while subtly resisting external pressures that conflict with the practical realities of their field and their audience (students). The results of the interviews indicate that individuals' behaviours were influenced by the forces of the field where they operated, external factors and their habitus. This study recommends that policymakers collaborate with stakeholders like communities, governments, institutions, and lecturers to ensure technology development for teaching African languages yields desirable results. It also suggests African countries create an enabling environment for African languages to thrive, and future research adopts an integrated approach examining various factors influencing technology use in language teaching.

Why do women consent to surgery, even when they do not want to? An interactionist and Bourdieusian analysis

Although there has been critical analysis of how the informed consent process functions in relation to participation in research and particular ethical 'dilemmas', there has been little examination of consenting to more routine medical procedures. We report a qualitative study of 25 women who consented to surgery. Of these, nine were ambivalent or opposed to having an operation. When faced with a consent form, women's accounts suggest that they rarely do anything other than obey professionals' requests for a signature. An interactionist analysis suggests that women's capacity to act is reduced by the hospital structure of tacit, socially-imposed rules of conduct. Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital and symbolic power/violence show how the practical logic that women apply confers a 'sense of place' relative to professionals. Women experience deficits in capital that constrain their ability to exercise choice. This work demonstrates the weakness of the consent process as a safeguard of autonomy.

Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field and capital, this paper outlines how smart metering demand management programs could be redesigned to bring together the competing fields of resource management and domestic life. Comfort and cleanliness expectations, which are ingrained in the habitus of householders and the field of domestic life, are often overlooked in demand management programs, which focus instead on making existing and evolving expectations more efficient. This paper draws on preliminary findings from qualitative research activities with householders who received consumption feedback through an in-home display, and/or variable price signals --- both enabled by smart meters. The paper offers insights for designers of interactive demand management strategies about how to go beyond achieving efficiency benefits in the home in order to fundamentally change expectations and norms ingrained in the habitus.

While the dialogical relationship between the early twentieth-century British theatre and the rise of socialism is well documented, analysis has tended to focus on the role of the playwright in the dissemination of socialist ideas. As a contrast, in this article Philippa Burt examines the directorial work of Harley Granville Barker, arguing that his plans for a permanent ensemble company were rooted in his position as a member of the Fabian Society. With reference to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus and Maria Shevtsova's development of it in reference to the theatre, this article identifies a correlation between Barker's political and artistic approaches through extrapolating the central tenets of his theory on ensemble theatre and analyzing them alongside the central tenets of Fabianism. Philippa Burt is currently completing her PhD in the Department of Theatre and Performance at Goldsmiths, University of London. This article is developed from a paper presented at the conference on ‘Politics, Performance, and Popular Culture in Nineteenth-Century Britain’ at the University of Lancaster in July 2011.

The moral use of money in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is considered by examining a sample of thirteen American entrepreneurs. Bourdieu's concepts of economic and symbolic capital, as well as Appadurai's ideas about linking desire and sacrifice through exchange are used to show how some entrepreneurs redistributed their wealth through philanthropy. Other men of wealth remained committed to personal accumulation. The concept of habitus is shown to be limited in explaining the differences in the moral distribution of wealth. [philanthropy, wealth distribution, money and morality, historic capitalism, economic altruism] In this article I examine motivations for the philanthropic use of money, as opposed to the purely market oriented accumulation of wealth. I ask questions about the social forces and cultural processes that surrounded nineteenth and twentieth-century American entrepreneurs who gave away accumulated wealth, while other entrepreneurs ignored giving. Both groups were concerned with capital accumulation, but the philanthropic conceived of money as having moral potential, while the non-philanthropic entrepreneurs thought of money only in terms of rational gain and loss. Though considered irrational in terms of market forces, giving money away in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century America could also be conceived, as I show, as supportive of the moral order.

L’habitus de Freud et la naissance de la psychanalyse. Une approche sociohistorique

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 8/1/2024] The three essays in this dissertation offer perspectives on different elements of agricultural markets and the obstacles encountered by small farmers in Nicaragua, Missouri, and Michigan. While each study concentrates on a unique context, collectively they contribute to new knowledge on price risk mitigation, market entry barriers, and the cultural obstacles farmers and agricultural service providers face in the field of farming. The findings provide farmers, traders, policymakers, and service providers with vital insights for enhancing their decision-making, support services, and institutional arrangements. The first essay examines the factors that influence the feeder cattle basis in Nicaragua. Weight, lot size, livestock category, and season significantly influenced the Nicaraguan feeder cattle basis. These results provide crucial information for feeder cattle traders and policymakers, allowing them to make informed ex-ante marketing decisions, manage price risk, and optimize policy initiatives that correspond with the seasonal behavior of the basis. The second essay uncovers the barriers Latinx immigrant farmers face to entering markets and selling agricultural output in the Midwest. The results indicate that agricultural investment and the number of training courses in agricultural production and financial management significantly increase the probability of market entry. Conversely, both Anglo and Spanish acculturation, which reflect the use of English and Spanish, respectively, significantly decrease the probability of market participation. Furthermore, factors such as the number of planted acres, the number of employees and contracted labor, personal and household income, and the number of hours spent working on the farm significantly increase agricultural sales. However, Anglo acculturation and farmers' perceptions of community environment significantly decrease agricultural sales. The third essay implements a qualitative case study research design. A theoretical framework based on Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field as well as the concept of acculturation guided the conduct of participatory field research through focus groups and interviews with Latinx farmers and focus groups with resource providers. Findings from this study show that there is a limited connection between service providers and Latinx farmers, that these groups have different farming cultures, and that Latinx immigrant farmers have diverse livelihood strategies compared to mainstream farmers. Latinx farmers have a unique set of barriers to entering markets, including culture and acculturation to the U.S. field of farming due to limited knowledge about farm-related services, commercial acumen, limited farming expertise, and eligibility for government programs and financing. The study recommends finding mechanisms for service providers that allow for inclusive institutions that comprehend Latinx farmers' livelihood strategies and habitus, as well as new methods for altering perceptions between service providers and Latinx farmers.

The present paper explores the ways in which non‐heteronormative sexual identities are represented and made to appear ‘other’ and potentially abject within North‐American and British pedagogic cultures, and how this regime of representation affects the development and construction of sexualities in the young. Taking Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and bodily hexis as structural starting points, I draw on Butler's theoretical work to examine how gender is represented and regulated through performative relations but how these also offer a site for resistance. I discuss Winnicott's theory of the ‘transitional object’ and the ‘potential space’ of play that it affords, to discuss one such site, a space in which gender divisions are not yet understood (in infancy) and where they can be questioned (in childhood and adulthood). To help me navigate a complex terrain I refer to a large, photographic piece by Jeff Wall, ‘A ventriloquist at a birthday party in October 1947’. Using this work as an interlocutor, I investigate a domestic situation in which normalcy is overturned by the ‘uncanniness’ of the performance, a phenomenon that undermines the pedagogic agenda to offer an equivocal space for fantasy.

This research paper critically examines William H. Sheldon's somatotype theory through a social constructionist lens, addressing significant gaps in its understanding within contemporary sociological frameworks. Sheldon's theory, which categorizes individuals into ectomorphs, mesomorphs, and endomorphs, has been criticized for its methodological, scientific, and conceptual limitations. Despite extensive critique, the intersection of Sheldon's biologically deterministic approach with the sociology of the body remains underexplored. This research employs a desk research methodology, utilizing content and critical analysis to integrate existing criticisms with insights from feminist theory, cultural representation, phenomenology, and Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field. The study explores four primary areas: historical evolution of body types, commercialization and body image, the "lived body" concept, and Bourdieu’s habitus. It argues that social and political transformations throughout history have significantly influenced physical and behavioral characteristics, challenging the static nature of Sheldon's classifications. The commercialization of body image through media and advertising perpetuates narrow ideals of gender roles and sexual identities, questioning the relevance of Sheldon's somatotypes in modern consumer culture. The phenomenological perspective of the "lived body" emphasizes subjective experience and embodied consciousness, offering a more dynamic understanding of human behavior compared to Sheldon's fixed categories. Bourdieu’s habitus and field concepts highlight the embodiment of social norms and the impact of social contexts on bodily practices, contrasting sharply with Sheldon's reductionist view. The findings underscore the importance of considering historical, social, and cultural factors in understanding body types and behaviors. By bridging Sheldon's theory with contemporary sociological perspectives, this research provides a nuanced critique that highlights the limitations of biological determinism and advocates for a more comprehensive, socially informed approach to studying body image and identity. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on the sociology of the body, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary and dynamic frameworks in examining the complex interplay between biology and social construction.

This article uses Bourdieu's concept of habitus, to explore how external discourses relating to young people and television, enter into the micro-politics of family viewing. It is based, primarily, on observation data collected by informants in the homes of young people. These data reveal the tactics and strategies that are used both by the young people and by their ‘parents’ to control the viewing process. It is possible to tentatively identify the projection of discourses of vulnerability onto young people who, in turn, attempt to position themselves as competent viewers evoking public discourses around youth and media savvy. Within the family setting these viewers develop a ‘sense for the game’ of viewing which informs the strategies they use to increase their control of the viewing experience.

Despite the diversification of the student population in higher education, there has been little empirical research on the impact of Access to Higher Education (AHE) courses, on mature students' learning identities, and of the changes in higher education policy on their chances to participate. Using data from a study examining AHE students' learning transitions at three further education colleges in the East Midlands in England, we employ Bourdieu's concept of habitus and the complexities of the relations between habitus and field to understand how AHE students experience and conceptualise their positions as they (re)engage in formal learning. The article will draw on the study's findings to show how the AHE students participate in these fields and the learner identities that emerge. For the purposes of the article three themes are discussed. These relate to the AHE students' reticence towards learning and difficult educational beginnings; transforming learner identities and learning to become a learner. It will argue that when immersed in new fields, AHE students can develop strategies and nuanced understandings of their previous experiences, social background and different learning cultures and contexts to inform the development of their learner identities. By doing this article shows how Bourdieu's ideas of habitus and field can be used to critically evaluate the effects of this interplay on mature learners' dis/positions and activities within their AHE course and their career decision-making.

The general elections in Malaysia in 2008 saw the ruling coalition, which has ruled Malaysia uninterrupted since independence in 1957, lose control of a number of states and become significantly weakened at the federal level. Amongst the reasons often cited for this was significant and diverse civil society participation in these elections which was often critical of the incumbent government. This article examines four different engagements in the 2008 elections by civil society actors. Through this examination, it is demonstrated that distinctions between types of collective action, from social movements to political parties, are especially likely to be blurred in the context of repressive states such as Malaysia. This examination in turn sees Charles Tilly's concept of repertoires of contention defended against both Nick Crossley's criticisms of it and his preference of Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus.