JTAG-based vector and chain management for system test

BackgroundResearch has been conducted on interventions to control dengue transmission and respond to outbreaks. A summary of the available evidence will help inform disease control policy decisions and research directions, both for dengue and, more broadly, for all Aedes-borne arboviral diseases.MethodA research-to-policy forum was convened by TDR, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, with researchers and representatives from ministries of health, in order to review research findings and discuss their implications for policy and research.ResultsThe participants reviewed findings of research supported by TDR and others.Surveillance and early outbreak warning. Systematic reviews and country studies identify the critical characteristics that an alert system should have to document trends reliably and trigger timely responses (i.e., early enough to prevent the epidemic spread of the virus) to dengue outbreaks. A range of variables that, according to the literature, either indicate risk of forthcoming dengue transmission or predict dengue outbreaks were tested and some of them could be successfully applied in an Early Warning and Response System (EWARS).Entomological surveillance and vector management. A summary of the published literature shows that controlling Aedes vectors requires complex interventions and points to the need for more rigorous, standardised study designs, with disease reduction as the primary outcome to be measured. House screening and targeted vector interventions are promising vector management approaches. Sampling vector populations, both for surveillance purposes and evaluation of control activities, is usually conducted in an unsystematic way, limiting the potentials of entomological surveillance for outbreak prediction.Combining outbreak alert and improved approaches of vector management will help to overcome the present uncertainties about major risk groups or areas where outbreak response should be initiated and where resources for vector management should be allocated during the interepidemic period.ConclusionsThe Forum concluded that the evidence collected can inform policy decisions, but also that important research gaps have yet to be filled.

The generation of quality RF/Microwave Test Program Sets (TPS) has always been a technically challenging and expensive task. The lack of an RF/microwave test simulator makes the generation of test and diagnostic vectors a very time consuming task. RF/microwave components exhibit multiple fault modes, i.e. gain, noise figure, etc..., as compared to the 1 or 0 fault mode of digital circuitry. Also, due to the parametric nature of an RF/microwave device, each failure mode is application specific and forces the development of multiple fault classes. The result has increased TPS costs and stretched schedules when compared to digital testing where test simulators do exist. This paper outlines an approach to developing an RF/microwave Test Simulator. Design simulation software is utilized to provide a behavioral model of the Unit Under Test (UUT). A multi-dimensional fault dictionary is generated based on this behavioral knowledge which enables the tester to consider the multiple fault modes and fault classes in order to achieve probeless diagnostics. >

A built-in self-test of interconnects based on boundary scan architecture is described. Detection and diagnosis schemes are proposed which provide minimal-size test vector sets. I/O scan chains order independent test vector sets and walking sequences. Properties like ease of test vector generation, structure-independent detection and diagnosis, and local response compaction have made the developed schemes suitable for built-in-self-test implementation. An example board-interconnect test session is described using one of the proposed schemes. >

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on mechanics principles and solved numerically on a super workstation, Ford has developed various sheet metal forming analysis computer programs. This paper describes the features in these programs. Several actual design examples illustrate how stamping engineers use these tools to evaluate and improve their design.</div>

Many cities around the world are seeing the introduction of multiple mobile radios systems. Operating at different frequencies, the base station antennas of different systems are often installed in the same buildings, so narrow antennas are required to make installation easier. This paper proposes a novel antenna configuration which produces two beams and yields antennas that are very slender. Beam designing techniques and antenna performance are also shown. Actual design examples for 6 sector zone use are also shown. >

The general design principle of the dielectric multilayer bandpass filters proposed by the authors is applied to the case where only the fundamental thickness of dielectric layers are used. The actual design procedure, layer structure, necessary formulation in the design, conditions, and design examples are presented. Further, with respect to various combinations of the parameters, 900 filters are designed and their characteristics are verified to show the distribution of their design errors.In actual designs, the objectives are third‐, fifth‐, and seventh‐order Butterworth and Chebyshev filters (0.5‐dB and 1‐dB ripples) using SiO2 and TiO2 and the center wavelength of 1.3 μm. The percentage bandwidths are taken to be up to 10 percent with angles of incidence up to 30 deg with P or S polarizations.It is understood that, when the bandwidth is set to be less than 5 percent or when it is set in the range of 5 to 10 percent, it is possible to achieve designed filters with percentage bandwidth errors below 1 percent and 3 percent, respectively. In all Butterworth filters, the insertion loss at the center wavelength was below 0.04 dB. For the objective ripple in Chebyshev filters set at 0.5 dB, the maximum ripples of all filters distribute within 0.15 to 2 dB while, in the case of 1‐dB objective ripple, they are in the range from 0.4 to 2.3 dB.

This paper presents a tutorial on the Tracking, Telemetry, and Command (TT&C) for spacecraft and satellite missions. In particular, it provides a thorough summary of the design of the TT&C, starting from elementary system aspects and going down to the details of the on-board TT&C subsystem design, its units, and the physical layer. The paper is then complemented with a description of emerging TT&C techniques and technologies, the standardization framework, and practical examples of actual spacecraft design of European space missions. The here-presented tutorial is thought for professionals (also in other telecommunication engineering fields) willing to face the challenges and state-of-the-art of the TT&C, and know more about this fundamental function that allows us to control and monitor our spacecraft on a daily basis.

As detailed in numerous references, variable speed drives cause degradation of power quality by distorting current and voltage waveforms in the distribution systems. Commonly applied solutions incorporate devices of a passive shunt filter design connected at the nearest power distribution bus. Apart from improving harmonic distortion at the point of their connection, such filters, consisting of capacitors, also provide necessary power factor correction to the application. Cycloconverters represent a special type of variable speed AC drive. Most commonly applied variable speed drives, such as variable frequency and variable speed DC drives, produce harmonics at their characteristic frequencies. These frequencies are essentially constant in time. In addition to the characteristic frequencies, cycloconverter spectra also contain frequencies that vary with the output converter frequency. Therefore, when passive harmonic filtering is considered for a cycloconverter application, special precautions have to be observed. It is the intent of this paper to discuss such an approach based on an example of an actual filter design. The motivation for the filter application was similar to most situations; to reduce the electrical costs by improving the power factor and to prevent equipment misoperation due to poor power quality. While the goal was common, the solution was not. The case study is detailed in the following steps: data collection and analysis, problem and solution identification, detailed filter engineering, implementation, and verification.

Although there are an increasing number of extreme events ( www.emdat.be ), humankind has learnt how to deal with their immediate impacts. This is illustrated by the fact that the number of casualties as a result of extreme weather dropped from 240 million (in 1920) to three million (in the last decade). Nonetheless, there is still a need for communities to improve their capacity to adapt to forthcoming climate events, particularly if adaptation pathways substantially reduce carbon footprints. A growing attention for the adaptation to climate change can be witnessed in current spatial planning practice. However, despite this attention, the question is whether spatial planning frameworks and approaches are sufficiently equipped to include strategies that deal with uncertainty and that are capable of anticipating an unpredictable future. In this chapter swarm planning theory (Roggema and Van den Dobbelsteen 2008; Roggema 2012a) is taken as the starting point to be used in two examples of actual regional design. The theory is applied and tested in practice and the results are presented here. This chapter focuses on the potential benefits that a swarm planning approach can offer. This is particularly relevant to designing for both a post-carbon scenario (the period after dominance of use of fossil energy resources, authors’ definition) and a pre-adaptive scenario (the period before preparations to anticipate climate change impacts are taken, authors’ definition) landscapes.

This paper presents an interactive MS-Windows(R)-based framework for high-level specification and analysis of tests on printed circuit boards, using the IEEE 1149.1 standard, and also on integrated circuits using scan design like the LSSD testing methodology. As novel contributions we provide an object-oriented tool for Boundary Scan and LSSD test automation with support for remote tests, including interfaces to circuit description, chip interconnection, test vector analysis and test vector generation. The system includes features like remote testing (using client-server technology), project management, menu-based command entry, user-defined configuration and a comprehensive set of commands.

Set operation is of great immediate significance in the PLD design. Using the set instead of several signals and constants can simplify a logical design. Most designers have paid attention to it, but they often neglect to use the set operation property further to simplify a design. This paper lists some rules of the set operation in use. By the practical design examples, it shows the way to use these rules of the set operation to simplify the PLD design. In the programmable logic device (PLD) design, the set operation property can simplify a logical design, and you will obtain an unexpected effect. Set is a group of signals or constants, which can execute operation of the whole. For example, Q=[Q3,Q2,Q1,Q0], where Q is a set that contains four elements. By using the set instead of several signals and constants in the PLD design, we can simplify a logical design and a description of the test vectors.

A standard-shaped spillway, when operating at greater than design head, experiences a subatmospheric crest pressure. Quantitative data obtained from laboratory measurements of minimum pressure and discharge occurring during flow over spillways are presented in dimensionless form. Minimum crest pressures as well as discharge coefficients are shown to be functions of the spillway design-head-to-height and head-to-design-head ratios. A dimensionless parameter involving discharge and minimum pressure, but not head, is formulated and evaluated. The results are used in a numerical design example to proportion a standard-shaped spillway to pass a particular discharge with a predetermined pressure occurring on the crest. The resulting design is compared with an actual design for the same spillway.

An optimum design methodology is presented for point-to-point motion control servo systems in which d.c. permanent magnetic motors are used as the main actuators. Emphasis is focused on establishing a series of comprehensive decision-making practices in dealing with three major design subjects: determination of the velocity profile, optimization of the speed reduction ratio, and selection of the motor. Finally, a practical design example is discussed to illustrate how the suggested design methodology may be applied to actual design problems.

This project developed optimized designs and cost estimates for several coal and petroleum coke IGCC coproduction projects that produced hydrogen, industrial grade steam, and hydrocarbon liquid fuel precursors in addition to power. The as-built design and actual operating data from the DOE sponsored Wabash River Coal Gasification Repowering Project was the starting point for this study that was performed by Bechtel, Global Energy and Nexant under Department of Energy contract DE-AC26-99FT40342. First, the team developed a design for a grass-roots plant equivalent to the Wabash River Coal Gasification Repowering Project to provide a starting point and a detailed mid-year 2000 cost estimate based on the actual as-built plant design and subsequent modifications (Subtask 1.1). This non-optimized plant has a thermal efficiency to power of 38.3% (HHV) and a mid-year 2000 EPC cost of 1,681 $/kW.1 This design was enlarged and modified to become a Petroleum Coke IGCC Coproduction Plant (Subtask 1.2) that produces hydrogen, industrial grade steam, and fuel gas for an adjacent Gulf Coast petroleum refinery in addition to export power. A structured Value Improving Practices (VIP) approach was applied to reduce costs and improve performance. The base case (Subtask 1.3) Optimized Petroleum Coke IGCC Coproduction Plant increased the power output by 16% and reduced the plant cost by 23%. The study looked at several options for gasifier sparing to enhance availability. Subtask 1.9 produced a detailed report on this availability analyses study. The Subtask 1.3 Next Plant, which retains the preferred spare gasification train approach, only reduced the cost by about 21%, but it has the highest availability (94.6%) and produces power at 30 $/MW-hr (at a 12% ROI). Thus, such a coke-fueled IGCC coproduction plant could fill a near term niche market. In all cases, the emissions performance of these plants is superior to the Wabash River project. Subtasks 1.5A and B developed designs for single-train coal- and coke-fueled IGCC power plants. A side-by-side comparison of these plants, which contain the Subtask 1.3 VIP enhancements, shows their similarity both in design and cost (1,318 $/kW for the coal plant and 1,260 $/kW for the coke plant). Therefore, in the near term, a coke IGCC power plant could penetrate the market and provide a foundation for future coal-fueled facilities. Subtask 1.6 generated a design, cost estimate and economics for a four-train coal-fueled IGCC power plant, also based on the Subtask 1.3 cases. This plant has a thermal efficiency to power of 40.6% (HHV) and cost 1,066 $/kW. The single-train advanced Subtask 1.4 plant, which uses an advanced ''G/H-class'' combustion turbine, can have a thermal efficiency to power of 44.5% (HHV) and a plant cost of 1,116 $/kW. Multi-train plants will further reduce the cost. Again, all these plants have superior emissions performance. Subtask 1.7 developed an optimized design for a coal to hydrogen plant. At current natural gas prices, this facility is not competitive with hydrogen produced from natural gas. The preferred scenario is to co-produce hydrogen in a plant similar to Subtask 1.3, as described above. Subtask 1.8 evaluated the potential merits of warm gas cleanup technology. This study showed that selective catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (SCOHS) is promising. Subtask 2.1 developed a petroleum coke IGCC power plant with the coproduction of liquid fuel precursors from the Subtask 1.3 Next Plant by eliminating the export steam and hydrogen production and replacing it with a Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis facility that produced 4,125 bpd of liquid fuel precursors. By maximizing liquids production at the expense of power generation, Subtask 2.2 developed an optimized design that produces 10,450 bpd of liquid fuel precursors and 617 MW of export power from 5,417 tpd of dry petroleum coke. With 27 $/MW-hr power and 30 $/bbl liquids, the Subtask 2.2 plant can have a return on investment of 18%. Subtask 2.3 converted the Subtask 1.6 four-train coal fueled IGCC power plant into one that coproduced 12,377 bpd of liquid fuel precursors in addition to 676 MW of export power. Adding the coproduction of liquid fuel precursors can enhance the profitability of an IGCC power plant when oil prices are high relative to power prices. As gasification technology matures, improvements identified in this study will lead to further cost reductions and efficiency improvements that will make IGCC power plants more competitive in the marketplace.

This paper gives the reader a general perspective on the subject of seismic design of buildings in China and may be of special interest to those who may do building design in that country. In the introduction, the main characteristics of Chinese earthquakes, some major earthquake disasters in the past, and a brief history of seismic design in China are related. The paper goes on to relate some new features of the recently promulgated seismic code which include a new design spectrum, how to identify liquefiable soil, the three levels of seismic protection, and the two-phase design. The paper also presents the seismic design of multistory brick and reinforced concrete buildings which differs somewhat from that of other countries, and three examples of actual design.