Knowledge Representation Model for Crime Analysis

Background. The relevance of the article is due to the development of modern ontological methods of structuring information and the need to systematize data in many new specific subject areas. Such subject areas include the musical art of the "metal" variety, which is quite common today, but insufficiently studied within the terminology. The subject of the article are ontological models and tools for creating ontological knowledge bases. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to increase the correctness of the semantic search in the knowledge base of the musical supergenre "metal". The scientific problem is the need to improve the terminology in this subject area and build an ontological knowledge model that increases the accuracy of information retrieval for the target audience, compared to the existing relational model implemented on one of the known web resources. Methods. Classification method, generalization method, software optimization methods, analytical method. The way to solve the problem: selection based on the comparative characteristics of the best web resource of the subject area and identifying the shortcomings of its model of knowledge representation, designing an ontological knowledge model and testing its effectiveness. Results. The average SUM for all users is 83.85%, which is a good indicator for ontological knowledge bases. At the same time, a similar method of checking the database of the supergenre "metal" on the basis of the site "Encyclopedia Metallum", which used the classical relational model of database organization, showed much lower results. Thus, the average SUM for 10 users was 75.32%, respectively. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: For the first time an ontological model (ontology) of the subject area was created: musical supergenre "metal", which showed much higher efficiency of semantic search than the best relational model of this subject area, implemented as a web resource. The developed structure can be used to create ontologies of related musical supergenres with similar terminology. Future research also plans to integrate this ontological knowledge model with applied web-based and desktop applications.

This article considers the ontological model for knowledge representation on the example of the discipline Database Theory.Depending on the chosen intelligent system development environment, knowledge must be represented by certain data structures. In this paper, the ontological model is chosen as a model for knowledge representation.

The article develops the concept of computer representology, which is the philosophical and methodological analysis of deductive models of knowledge representation. These models are one of the varieties of logical models of knowledge representation. These latter knowledge representations together with a logical languages form the important concept of the computer knowledge representation - logical. Under the concepts of computer representation of knowledge are understood aggregates of computer models of representation of domain knowledge of reality, and the corresponding to these models language means, which are developed by artificial intelligence. These concepts are different ways to solve the problems of computer knowledge representations.

This paper is devoted to such issues as artificial intelligence, ontological engineering, decision support, maintenance and repair, maintenance equipment, life cycle. The paper shows the basic procedure of the modernization and the knowledge representation models that used to organize the process of decision support. In this paper describes the process of developing an ontological knowledge model for general equipment by combining several basic classifiers for industrial equipment. Ontology files generating based on an analysis of the enterprise assets classifier texts showed. The features of each classifier and procedures of their union described. A description of some group’s ontology described. The main classes in groups and examples of instances of classes identified. The presented algorithms predicting the state of the technical system. Illustrates the application of the developed methods on the example of the car.

Dynamic extraction of new knowledge and their further representation using a particular knowledge representation model are critically important tasks for most modern knowledge-based systems. To perform them a system should be able to generate appropriate knowledge structures, analyze and compare extracted knowledge with previously obtained ones, and then integrate new knowledge into the knowledge base in the proper way. Within the object-oriented approach, classes, objects, and relations among them are the main knowledge structures, consequently, these tasks can be done via using special operations defined over them, in particular, universal exploiters of classes and objects. Therefore we introduce in the paper concepts of a fuzzy inhomogeneous class of objects and universal union exploiter of fuzzy homogeneous classes of objects within such a knowledge representation model as fuzzy object-oriented dynamic networks. The proposed exploiter allows computing of the union of two fuzzy homogeneous classes of objects via the construction of a new fuzzy inhomogeneous class of objects, which simultaneously defines both fuzzy types determined by these classes, that allows avoiding of representation redundancy and provides effective integration of new classes into the knowledge base. We developed the algorithm, which implements the idea of the proposed universal exploiter, and provided examples of its application. The proposed exploiter can be adapted and integrated into a particular object-oriented knowledge representation model.KeywordsFuzzy classFuzzy typeUniversal union exploiterUnion of fuzzy classes

Engineering design tasks are mainly knowledge-intensive cognitive actions. Therefore, an adequate computer-based structure and representation of engineering design knowledge is a crucial point to support the design engineer's cognitive tasks. On the one hand, this knowledge representation should correspond to an intuitive way of thinking. On the other hand, this representation should comply with conscious systematic design methods without limiting human problem solving. In a first step of an analytical research approach, this contribution is concerned with deriving detailed requirements on a useful knowledge representation for computer-aided engineering design. For that purpose, generalised characteristics of human problem solving and information processing can be specified for design problem solving. According to their fulfilment of these requirements, eight main models of knowledge representation were compared concerning their utility to support human problem solving in engineering design. As a result of this evaluation, a useful model of knowledge representation is suggested and illustrated by an example of use.

Semantic approaches present an efficient, detailed and easily understandable representation of knowledge from documents. Al-Quran contains a vast amount of knowledge that needs appropriate knowledge extraction. A semantic based approach can help in designing an efficient and explainable knowledge representation model for Al-Quran. This research aims to propose a semantic-graph knowledge representation model for verses of Al-Quran based on word dependencies. These features are used in the proposed knowledge representation model allowing the semantic graph matching to improve Al-Quran search applications' accuracy. The proposed knowledge representation model is essentially a formalism for generating a semantic graph representation of Quranic verses, which can be applied for knowledge base construction for other applications such as information retrieval system. A set of rules called Semantic Dependency Triple Rules are defined to be mapped into the semantic graph representing the verse's logic. The rules translate word dependencies and other NLP metadata into a triple form that holds logical information. The proposed model has been tested with English translation of Al-Quran on a document retrieval prototype The basic system has been enhanced with anaphoric pronouns correction, which has shown improvement in retrieval performance. The results have been compared with a closely related system and evaluated on the accuracy of the document retrieval in Precision, Recall and F-score measurements. The proposed model has achieved 65%, 60% and 62.4% for the measurements, respectively. It has also improved the overall accuracy of previous system by 43.8%.

Case indexing in Case-Based Reasoning by applying Situation Operator Model as knowledge representation model

World experience shows that intelligent information systems for decision support are an integral part of modern society functioning. The basis of many tasks that lies in the development of decision support systems is the presentation of knowledge of a particular subject field. Each decision-support system, depending on the application field, has its own characteristics that characterize the main objectives of this subject area, among which, for example, the presentation of knowledge of multi-level administration systems for decision support purposes. In modern conditions, mathematical modeling is the most effective for the formal representation of knowledge in decision support systems which can be used to represent declarative knowledge of land relations. Therefore, urgent scientific practical problem is relevant now that lies in the representing contradictory knowledge in multilevel administration systems. The scientific and practical task envisages the transformation of declarative knowledge of the subject field in the form of mathematical and informational models using elements of set theory. The task envisages the transformation of declarative knowledge in the form of mathematical models with using set theory. The research used methods: analysis, set theory, mathematical modeling, corpus linguistics, ontological engineering. The results of the study are important for organizing activities in a variety of industries using a large body of documents and laws. The purpose of this work is to develop models of knowledge representation on the use of set theory in ontology. The object of research is the process of decision support in multilevel systems. Subject of research is the mathematical models of knowledge representation in multilevel administration systems using set theory. Keywords: formalization, theory, predicate logic, corpus linguistics, ontology, set theory, model.

From Stories—via Arguments, Scenarios, and Cases—to Probabilities: Commentary on Floris J. Bex's “The Hybrid Theory of Stories and Arguments Applied to the Simonshaven Case” and Bart Verheij's “Analyzing the Simonshaven Case With and Without Probabilities”

From the position of a cognitive approach the authors consider English deadjectival nouns, what involves identifying and describing knowledge domains represented by these language units in English language culture. The study is carried out on the material of deadjectival nouns, which are fixed in English dictionaries and selected by a continuous sampling method. A set of methods is used, the main of which are methods of conceptual-definitional and cognitive-matrix analysis. As a result of the study, it is revealed that English deadjectival nouns represent the structure of knowledge of an integrative nature, including the concepts of HUMAN BEING, ARTEFACT, NATURAL OBJECT, SUBSTANCE, and STATE. This knowledge structure is presented as a general cognitive matrix, the components of which are the above concepts. In turn, the matrix components can also be complex and include a variety of knowledge. It is determined that deadjectival nouns presenting the HUMAN BEING concept convey ideas about human physical parameters, psychological features and social status, as well as about human diseases. Deadjectival nouns representing the concept of ARTEFACT name human signs and sign systems, products of human speech, household and personal items, objects of labor activity, vehicles and buildings. Deadjectival nouns representing the NATURAL OBJECT concept convey ideas about natural landscape objects, about the plant and animal world. Deadjectival nouns representing the SUBSTANCE concept reflect ideas about drugs/substances, cleaning products, cosmetics, and technical substances, organic or natural substances. The STATE concept is represented by deadjectival nouns that convey knowledge about the state of a person, object, and phenomenon, about their being in a certain state.

The article considers the organization of research work of future engineers-teachers in the system of professional training of IT specialists through computer environment design. The contradictions between the usual system of training and the individual creative direction of the future professional activity of the specialist are analysed. The authors studied the concept of the computer environment, considered its information, software, and didactic component. The practical aspects of the organization of educational and research activities of future specialists, the specialty of which requires further research, in particular using the computer environment as an object of design, are revealed. Its intellectual properties are considered and it is proved that they are a reaction to human actions. The model of knowledge representation in the process of designing a computer environment is described and it is proved that the use of a network model in the form of a graph is the best to reflect the meaning of a holistic image. Thanks to the network model, the course in the discipline is created by a certain structure of modules, which consist of topics that contain tasks. This presentation of data is inherent in the semantic network, which is a combination of ideas and knowledge retention of the entire learning process in an individual educational trajectory. Thus, it is possible to adjust it depending on the level of effectiveness of the student's mastering the material. The informational, program and didactic components of the computer environment are substantiated, the basic requirements to the organization of research work of students from the point of view of designing where flexibility is the basic property of a system of management, in particular in questions of realization of various forms of occupations on professional training are revealed. An example of software implementation of a computer environment with an intuitive interface for working with information content is described. It is substantiated that the proposed principles of organization of research work can also be applied in the organization of research work of students of physical culture and sports profile.

The article discusses the problem of forming the knowledge awareness in the course of teaching the basics of artificial intelligence to the future and working teachers. Based on the analysis of scientific sources and generalization of pedagogical experience, the authors state that the low level of knowledge awareness in the field of AI among future teachers usually shows up during the design of expert systems and in the process of developing intelligent programs. The description of the developed methodology that ensures the formation of teachers' knowledge awareness in the AI is presented in the article. The authors emphasize that special attention should be paid to the informal assimilation of theoretical material in the process of forming the knowledge awareness. The article presents the examples of lectures on the following topics: "Introduction to AI", "The models of knowledge representation in AI systems", "Expert systems" where interactive surveys of various types and content are implemented and collective work on the virtual whiteboard is carried out. Pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the developed methodology which has a number of advantages over traditional training. Among them we can state visualization of theoretical material which helps a lot to solve the problem of formal learning. Also, the ability for the teacher to take into consideration the student’s point of view shown via interactive surveys and react on them simultaneously. Finally, students get an opportunity to act as participants of the educational process and meanwhile to conduct their self-control and self-assessment during learning the theory.

Cyber situational awareness is the result of both the analysis of cyber security and situational awareness studies and the line of research that uses artificial intelligence methods in the field of cybersecurity. It covers both methods of automatic detection of cyber threats in the network and methods of providing information to an analyst for further risk analysis and decision making to protect of the assets of the facility. Investigations of cyber situational awareness in the energy sector have become pertinent resulting from both the concept of the digital transformation of energy and the consideration of energy facilities and systems as cyber-physical systems. The problems of ensuring cybersecurity and raising awareness about the cyber environment of an energy facility are compounded by their high significance for the economies of countries. In this regard, such facilities are considered as critical infrastructure. The first part of this article discusses the basic concepts of cyber situational awareness, some knowledge representation models and some existing security metrics. The second part considers the use of frame, production and network models of knowledge representation in the analysis of the cyber situational awareness of energy facilities and the software components that implement them.

According to the diversity of geological conditions involved in railway location design, different types of geological objects were classified and indexed, and proposed the modeling method based on multiple sub-bases. It used the computer's internal and external representation in geological knowledge representation. In computer external, it used object-oriented class-rules knowledge representation model, added credibility to the object-oriented knowledge representation model, and then achieved fuzzy representation of knowledge. In order to achieve visual representation of external knowledge representation, text, images and three-dimensional virtual reality technology were used. According to the ambiguity of geological knowledge, it realized uncertainty reasoning of the part based on rule condition and conclusions.