Knowledge Transfer and Organizational Memory: An Events Perspective

Purpose: The article is focused on presenting the main authors contributing to the development of knowledge management (KM) in organizations, evidence-based management (EBM) and Integrated Qualifications System (IQS) and exploring their different views. The aim of this article is a literature review to assess existing knowledge, identify gaps, and recognize areas requiring additional research. Based on the identified gaps and trends, the review provides a basis for formulating a theoretical framework for authors’ own research - distinguish the interrelations between Knowledge Management (KM) in organizations, Evidence-Based Management (EBM) and Integrated Qualifications System (IQS) in Poland. The article aims to explore how these three components can be integrated to enhance decision making processes, support competency development, and improve organizational performance - presenting authors’ conceptual model. Design/methodology/approach: The article aims to explore how these three components can be integrated to enhance decision making processes, support competency development, and improve organizational performance. It also seeks to identify opportunities and challenges in implementing evidence-based practices and national qualification frameworks as tools for knowledge management in organizations. Findings: The findings of this article highlight that knowledge alone is insufficient without mechanisms for its validation and application, just as qualifications without knowledge management risk becoming static and outdated. Evidence-based decision-making serves as the bridge between these two domains, ensuring that organizational strategies are grounded in empirical data, stakeholder insight, and real-world outcomes. Originality/value: An identification the interrelations between Knowledge Management (KM) in organizations, Evidence-Based Management (EBM) and Integrated Qualifications System (IQS) in Poland and presenting authors’ conceptual model. Keywords: Knowledge Management, Evidence-Based Management, Integrated Qualifications System. Category of the paper: Literature review.

Fluctuation and Knowledge Management in Non-profit Organization

Vatandaş olma ile ilgili kavramsal anlayış, bireylerin okulda doğrudan öğretim ve ders kitapları aracılığıyla edindiği açık bilgiler kadar, sosyo-kültürel ve siyasal ortamlarda edindiği örtük deneyimsel bilgiyi de içermektedir. Vatandaş olma ile ilgili edindiğimiz açık ve örtük kavramsal bilgi, vatandaş olarak sahip olduğumuz değerlerimizi, tutumlarımızı ve ortaya koyduğumuz davranışlarımızı da etkiler. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin vatandaş kavramına ilişkin örtük ve açık bilgilerini belirlemektir. Araştırma yakınsayan paralel karma yöntem kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Vatandaş kavramı ile ilgili örtük bilgiyi belirlemek için seçilen 27 öğrenci, tipik durum örneklemesi ile açık bilgiyi belirlemek amacıyla seçilen 124 öğrenci ise basit seçkisiz örnekleme ile belirlenmiştir. Veriler, üç devlet okulunda öğrenim gören yedinci sınıf öğrencileri arasından gönüllü ve veli izni olan öğrencilerden toplanmıştır. Çalışmada örtük bilgi, repertuar ağı tekniği (RGT) ile elde edilmiştir. Açık bilgi, yedi açık uçlu sorudan oluşan bir test kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Örtük bilgi için elde edilen nitel veriler, içerik analizi ve İdiogrid 2.4 programı ile çözümlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin açık bilgi için testte verdikleri yanıtlar bütüncül rubrik ile puanlanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, t–testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin vatandaş kavramıyla ilgili örtük bilgilerine bakıldığında vatandaşı en fazla “İyi insan” olarak anlamlandırdıkları, buna karşılık en az “Hakları olan birey” olarak anlamlandırdıkları belirlenmiştir. "Bir vatandaş olarak ben" merkezi elementi ile "Nasıl bir vatandaş olmayı arzuluyorum?, “Çevremdeki diğer insanlara göre bir vatandaş olarak ben" ve "Nasıl bir vatandaş olmak zorundayım?" merkezi elementleri arasındaki farkı yansıtan öz değerlerine (Öklid katsayısı) göre öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun vatandaş olma ile ilgili kendilerine ait öz değerlerinin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun vatandaş kavramına ilişkin açık bilgilerinin "birinci düzeyde-yetersiz" olduğu, az sayıda öğrencinin "ikinci düzeyde-kısmen yeterli" olduğu; “üçüncü düzeyde-çoğunlukla yeterli” ve “dördüncü düzeyde-yeterli” puan alan öğrencinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin açık bilgi testinden elde ettikleri puanların ortalamaları arasında anne eğitim düzeyine, farklı kültürel özelliklere sahip arkadaşları olmasına ve evde konuşulan dillere göre anlamlı farklılık saptanırken, okulun bulunduğu yere, cinsiyete, baba eğitim düzeyine ve ana diline göre anlamlı farklılık tespit edilememiştir.

To describe health and social care managers' perceptions of the factors affecting the competence of managers in knowledge management. A qualitative descriptive study. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 managers from three public health and social care organizations in Finland. Data were collected in the spring of 2022 and analysed using inductive content analysis. Health and social care managers perceived that the competence of managers working in knowledge management is affected by managers' behavioural and attitudinal characteristics, their interactive network competence in knowledge management, the dimensions of their competence in knowledge management, the knowledge management infrastructure with which they work and the organizational learning culture within which they work. The competence of health and social managers in knowledge management is influenced by various factors, including their personal characteristics, management competence and the infrastructure and culture of the organization for which they work. However, their competence is constrained by an absence of clear processes, structures and resources in knowledge management as well as a lack of systematic support and training for managers working in knowledge management. The study provides valuable information for improving the competence of managers working in knowledge management in health and social care organizations. The competence of managers working in knowledge management is instrumental for successful implementation and sustaining of knowledge management practices and thus, such competence has a positive impact on the overall performance of an organization. Clarifying the roles and responsibilities of health and social care managers, as well as establishing organizational structures, is essential for effective knowledge management in organizations. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist has been used in the reporting. No patient or public contribution.

Purpose Tacit and explicit knowledge sharing play crucial roles in today’s rapidly changing business environment, particularly in fostering innovation. However, uncovering tacit knowledge sharing remains complex. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge in the relationship between a knowledge-sharing culture and organizational creativity. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors developed an extended analytical process to analyze the impact of explicit and tacit knowledge on a knowledge-sharing culture and organizational creativity. This process combines two analytical techniques: necessary condition analysis (NCA) and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). NCA identifies essential bottlenecks for a specific outcome, while PLS-SEM uncovers strong connections between predictor and outcome variables. The authors applied these analyses to a sample of 155 IT experts from a leading telecom company in the Turkish ICT industry to test the relevant hypotheses. Findings The findings of this study indicate that tacit knowledge, rather than explicit knowledge, partially mediates the relationship between a knowledge-sharing culture and organizational creativity. This mediating role of tacit knowledge is particularly pronounced in the ICT sector. Additionally, the impact of organizational capabilities on organizational creativity is amplified by higher levels of tacit knowledge sharing. Originality/value The effect of organizational capabilities on organizational creativity was found to increase because of tacit knowledge sharing compared to explicit knowledge sharing, depending on the knowledge-sharing climate.

Knowledge hiding (KHi) is the intentional withholding of knowledge from colleagues, often caused by a lack of trust. It takes three forms: rationalized hiding, evasive hiding, and playing dumb, with the latter two fueling ongoing mistrust. To address this, organizations promote sharing both Tacit Knowledge (TK) and Explicit Knowledge (EK), to improve teamwork, problem-solving, and workplace relationships. Recent studies highlight the challenge of distinguishing general knowledge from TK and the difficulty of articulating TK, which adds to its scarcity and value. Examining the intentions and motivations behind KHi and KHo, often driven by fear, provides important insights into organizational knowledge dynamics. This study aimed to identify key factors influencing individuals' decisions to share TK or engage in KHi or KHo behaviors in the workplace. Using an 11-stage Survey Design methodology, data was collected from 285 Knowledge Management (KM) professionals across five countries over 42 days. This comprehensive approach ensured a diverse and representative sample, enhancing the validity and applicability of the findings. Results revealed that participants were aware of and engaged in KHi, KHo, and Knowledge Sharing (KS) behaviors. They recognized that TK holders made deliberate sharing decisions based on trust, sincerity, skillsets, and expertise. This insight underscores the complexity of KM in organizational settings and the need for nuanced approaches to encourage KS. The study highlighted the need for future research to include leadership influences, which significantly impact KHi and KHo behaviors. This finding emphasizes the critical role of leadership in shaping knowledge-sharing cultures within organizations and suggests that effective KM strategies must consider leadership styles and practices. By addressing these complex issues, organizations can develop more effective strategies to promote KS, reduce harmful hiding behaviors, and ultimately enhance their competitive advantage through improved KM practices. The study's findings provide a foundation for future research and practical applications in organizational KM, potentially leading to more efficient and collaborative work environments.

The effective application of knowledge management in organizations is an essential factor in their successful operation. Furthermore, it is more important that how people exploit tacit knowledge, how they make tacit knowledge beneficial to the organization. Sharing tacit knowledge within an organization is critical to the organization among the individuals and between the individuals. However, there is no approach based on multi-agent systems to analyze the sharing of tacit knowledge, and to discover what kinds of methods tacit knowledge can be shared and how organizations make themselves effective and efficient based on multi-agent systems. So this paper, based on multi-agent systems, aims to present for discussion the mechanism of sharing tacit knowledge within an organization. First of all, this paper describes three main characteristics of tacit knowledge; then expands to find the games between the individuals in the organization. Finally, some conclusions and further discussions are puts forward.

This work elucidated the knowledge transfer method used by an international first tier advanced composite multinational company supplier in transferring the technical knowledge to a Malaysian advanced composite manufacturer. Effective route of knowledge transfer could significantly improve the performance of the company. The process of the transferring knowledge is an ongoing progression of learning, adjusting, and improving. An excellent knowledge transfer could benefit both the knowledge provider and receiver. A “Backward Engineering” investigation on the relationship between the factors during the knowledge transfer process is useful, to be an ideal reference for others. This paper exhibits the technological transfer executed by the aero-composite manufacturer. Method chosen in this study is focus group discussion involving the working committee of respective programme. It was found that a systematic two stages with multi-phases of knowledge transfer has been explored during flat-curvature structures aero-composite project. Tacit and explicit knowledge is important for transferring technical knowledge in industry context. It is noticed that a useful knowledge transfer mechanism has an impact on the performance of organization such as increases in productivity, profits, and growth.

<em>This study explores the pivotal role of international learning and knowledge acquisition in shaping organizational practices within the context of internationalization. It underscores the value of sourcing knowledge from external sources, learning from others, and creating a culture supportive of internationalization efforts. Drawing from the works of prominent scholars, this research highlights the interconnectedness of international learning, domestic practices, and knowledge acquisition. The study emphasizes the need for organizations to actively seek external knowledge, establish a culture conducive to internationalization, and efficiently manage both explicit and tacit knowledge to facilitate successful knowledge transfer and application in a global context. Tacit knowledge, often rooted in experience and challenging to articulate explicitly, emerges as a critical component in this knowledge transfer process. In addition to these key insights, the study identifies areas for future research, including the retention of knowledge repositories, the empirical assessment of export impact, the dynamics of tacit knowledge transfer, and the significance of organizational flexibility in internationalization. A deeper exploration of these areas through empirical research promises to enhance our understanding of the complexities involved in international expansion, informing organizational strategies for thriving in global markets.</em>

This research was aimed at studying the current situation of the provincial implementation of integrated knowledge management and the factors promoting and compelling knowledge management processes in the context of provincial integrated administration. The qualitative research method was used, which involved non-participant observation and in-depth interviewing. The 18 informants included the administrators, knowledge management implementers, and those responsible for knowledge management activities in Mahasarakham and Khon Kaen provinces. The Collected data analyzed by grouping and explain. The research results are detailed below: Knowledge, understanding, and application of knowledge management – The majority of the administrators or those involved in knowledge management have the knowledge and are able to explain the principle of knowledge management. They were able to describe that knowledge management is an administrative tool that enables people to learn together and extend their knowledge in personnel potentiality development as well as in the increase of work efficiency. Nevertheless, it was found that the knowledge and understanding of knowledge management of personnel in organizations are still at low level. In spite of the training provided, they are still not able to apply the concept. Knowledge management in organization – Most organizations have appointed a committee or assigned responsible personnel for knowledge management. Three aspects of knowledge management were targeted, namely, work improvement, potentiality improvement for personnel, and driving of organizational strategies. The research result indicates that in practice, most organizations implement knowledge management in order to improve work and personnel’s potentiality. It was found that operational results not being sufficiently concrete. However, what is evident is that the most practiced process is the transfer and exchange of knowledge via conferences, seminars, mentoring, disseminated documents, and exchange of knowledge on the organization’s website. The factors enhance the success of knowledge management implementation were found to include the organization administrator attitude and leadership, personnel knowledge and understanding of knowledge management, the learning culture of organization, organizational communication and information technology, and assistance from academics consultants. คาาสาาคญ : การจดการความร การบรหารงานจงหวดแบบบรณาการ การจดการความรในหนวยงานภาครฐ

The purpose of paper is to explore the role of the learning organization as a mediating variable between knowledge management and service quality in these organizations, also the paper aims to review the concept of learning organization, and the different elements of knowledge management and service quality in service business organizations. In order to achieve the purposes of the study, researcher adopted a descriptive analytical method, valid research instrument was utilized to conduct a survey of (450) questionnaires which were distributed, and (398) questionnaires were retrieved for analysis, rating (88%) of the distributed questionnaires. Analyzing data was conducted using a set of statistical methods including a normality test along with Cronbach’s alpha, standard deviation, confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, multiple and simple linear regression using SPSS-V25 and AMOS-V25. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: 1) There is a statistically impact at significant level (α ≤ 0.05) of knowledge management on service quality through the learning organization as a mediating variable in Alexandria Water Company in Egypt. 2) There is a significant correlation between learning organization and knowledge management, also there is a significant correlation between knowledge management and service quality, and finally there is a significant correlation between learning organization and service quality. The study reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: 1) It is necessary to plan, organize, lead and monitor enterprise knowledge and process management with emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness of the right of access to it; 2) Managers and owners should pay attention to the learning organization, as it plays a major role in building and forming organization culture and knowledge structure of organizations.

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a comprehensive academic literature review on the relationship between knowledge management, knowledge transfer and organizational performance in a specific subset of the creative industry, i.e. arts and crafts organizations. Furthermore, this paper analyzes how knowledge management and transfer within arts and crafts organizations help increase performance and enhance the value of the activity of the so-called “knowledge workers” (i.e. craftsmen), who are the real knowledge owners in the process of value creation.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review follows the model suggested by Vom Brocke et al. (2009). The review follows a five-phase approach so as to be systematic, transparent and replicable. Academic contributions published over two periods are taken into consideration. The first period covers the years 1990-2000, when the concepts of creative industry and knowledge-based economy were developed. The second period covers the years 2000-2016, when scholars started to investigate how to effectively transfer knowledge (very often in the form of “tacit knowledge”) retained by master craftsmen in arts and crafts organizations and the critical role played by craftsmen in the performance of such organizations.FindingsThree main issues have emerged: how arts and crafts organizations manage and transfer knowledge internally; the effects of these activities on organizational performance; and the prominent role of craftsmen. The literature review shows how in arts and crafts organizations there is a considerable link between the concepts of “performance" and "tacit knowledge", even though addressing such link is somehow hard to realize, for several reasons discussed in the paper. The measurement of performance in arts and crafts organizations has become an area of academic investigation only when both the role of knowledge management and transfer and the role of knowledge workers (i.e., craftsmen) have become evident for obtaining a competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has been an attempt to organize existing studies on knowledge management and transfer and to investigate the relationship existing between knowledge and performance in arts and crafts organizations. Nevertheless, the relationship between knowledge and performance is yet to be explored, as well as the development of techniques for measuring arts and crafts organizations’ performance effectively. The present contribution calls for a systematic reflection on how the transfer of traditional craftsmen’s skills impacts organizational performances in the long run. The definition and implementation of new performance evaluations criteria tailored to enhance the tacit knowledge of craftsmen as a real source of differentiation and competitive advantage for the arts and crafts organizations is somehow still missing.Practical implicationsBy pursuing its objectives, the present contribution aims to represent a step toward enabling arts and crafts organizations to play a vital role in the modern society in a more structured way. This would help to build awareness of the potential of arts and crafts organizations for promoting economic growth, proposing a value proposition different from the one dictated by the globalization and by the triumph of product standardization and mass production.Originality/valueAnalyzing the knowledge management and transfer within arts and crafts organizations with a historical perspective, it appears that the recognition in academic literature of the centrality of knowledge management and transfer within arts and crafts organizations is only recent (i.e. from 2011 onward). Indeed, for approximately 20 years (i.e. 1990-2010), knowledge has been constantly related to technological paradigms and standardized results, with very little research and debate on craftsmanship and the role of craftsmen. Nevertheless, the research shows that over the years, the focus on knowledge in arts and crafts organizations and knowledge transfer has become progressively more detailed and precise: some authors have studied the role of craftsmen in the knowledge economy according to a historical perspective, while some others have analyzed different types of knowledge more thoroughly. For example, Sveiby (1997, 1996), analyzing the concept of "knowing talent" and "tradition", outlines a more prominent role of craftsmen in the knowledge economy and explain how, in sectors with a strong traditional background, the transfer of tacit knowledge is a meaningful challenge for many organizations.

This paper examines the intra-firm transfer of tacit and explicit knowledge in the post-acquisition integration stage in the outward mergers and acquisitions (M&A) of multinational corporations from emerging economies (EMNCs). It also explores rationales underlying the tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in the cross-cultural context. Drawing from the empirical evidence of three Chinese firms’ outward M&A in three European countries, we argue the Chinese acquiring firms emphasized the transfer of explicit over tacit knowledge in the post-acquisition integration in their outward M&A. This can be attributed to complementarity in explicit knowledge, home market advantage, scarcity of key staff and cultural differences.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the obstacles to knowledge transfer between organizations belonging to different cultures by making use of the socialization–externalization – combination – internalization (SECI) model. The contribution made by this paper is in the use of the SECI model for studying this type of issue. Although it recognizes the epistemological duality between tacit and explicit knowledge, the traditional literature had not adopted this theoretical structure. The explanation for this is an excessively simplistic interpretation of the SECI model in its 1995 version together with a lack of knowledge about Nonaka’s more recent works – Nonakaet al.(2008).Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a comparative case study opposing a failure and a success, and rely on Latour controversies to account for the context and contradictions. One of the authors worked for five years as a mediator in these projects and adopted the reflective practitioner posture of Schön.Findings– Using the SECI model is relevant for studying this question. The results obtained converge with the literature and mark the SECI’s first stage – socialization – as an operation of major importance. The authors show that the failure in knowledge transfer is due to a deficit of socialization, as the lack of prolonged situations of co-presence of the actors, i.e. the lack of shared context, impedes knowledge conversion.Research limitations/implications– To go further, conditions of the socialization context must be better specified and developed. Second, cases in other areas than the health sector to observe the circulation of knowledge could be developed.Practical implications– The findings suggest ways for managers to fight against knowledge transfer barriers in multicultural contexts, relying on the socialization process.Social implications– Accounting for the problem of knowledge transfer in a multicultural context through the SECI model, which focusses on the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge, opens a fruitful line of reflexion. It would organize trips for French managers in China with a strong intercultural dimension.Originality/value– Accounting for the problem of knowledge transfer in a multi culural context through the SECI model, which focusses on the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge, opens a fruitful line of reflexion.

Design education traditionally centers around the critique as a pivotal assessment process, fostering the development of both explicit and tacit knowledge within the physical studio environment. Ideally, the critique encourages students to develop their creativity, sharpen their thought processes and refine their technique. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on technology-enhanced teaching in practice-based design studios by examining the effectiveness of online peer critique as a strategy to capture tacit knowledge and make it explicit in the design learning environment. Drawing on the experiences of 90 undergraduate visual communication design students, findings show the critique process was a collaborative experience which afforded the fluid exchange of both tacit and explicit knowledge. Technology played a key role in this knowledge exchange, giving students a confidence in their creative abilities as observers and participants. The online process facilitated anonymity, enabling open and honest communication, while digital records supported post-critique reflection. Despite challenges, this systematic approach to online peer critique proves beneficial in fully online courses and warrants exploration in physical design studios given that more programs transitioning to blended learning. This research contributes to the discourse on leveraging technology for tacit knowledge construction and learning in design education.