L’essor du vignoble au Québec. Histoire de climats et de goûts

A computable general equilibrium model of the Australian economy is used to account for the dramatic growth in Australia's wine industry between 1987 and 1999, and to project grape and wine volumes and prices to 2003. Export demand growth has made a major contribution to total output growth in premium wines, and accounts for most of the increase in the producer price of premium red wine. Domestic consumer preferences have shifted, mainly towards premium red wine, but there is also some evidence of growing demand for premium white wine since the mid 1990s. From the perspective of producers, productivity growth, while being less important than growth in domestic demand, appears to have more than offset the negative effects on suppliers of wine consumer tax increases. From the domestic consumers' perspective, however, tax hikes have raised retail prices much more than productivity gains have lowered them. The high and sustained levels of profitability resulting from export demand growth have led to a massive supply response in Australia. Even so, by 2003 Australian wine output will still be less than 5 per cent of global production.

Vinifera cultivation is a thriving and growing industry across the state of Michigan (MI), United States. Extensive time, funds, and effort have been applied by the industry to promote growth and the onset of new producers. Specifically, Vitis vinifera wine grapes, which have been cultivated in MI since the 1970s, have seen a rapid expansion and investment from both first-time and legacy growers. However, historically, the climate of MI presented a challenge for cultivation because of low growing season temperatures (GSTs), short growing seasons, and excessive precipitation at the time of harvest. Over time, two key factors have led the MI wine industry to overcome the challenging climate. First, as seen in the literature, there are noted changes in climate, especially since the late 1980s, leading to more favorable conditions for cultivation. Second, MI growers traditionally focused on V. vinifera cultivation, which is susceptible to low winter temperatures, selected less vulnerable regions within the state while also focusing on vine protection techniques. Given the rapid growth of the wine industry across MI, there is a need to understand suitability and its drivers to help all growers make economically impactful decisions on production and expansion of wine grapes. This article looked to study the suitability of MI vinifera across the state in two ways. Initially, through an extensive literature review, the key drivers and commonly noted trends guiding vinifera production were chronicled. Second, through a trend analysis of the key drivers of suitability, the study investigated how such variables are changing significantly over space and time. The results of this study expand the knowledge of cool climate agriculture production and suitability for cultivation and highlight the complexity of relating suitability drivers for non-cool climate to cool climate vinifera cultivation.

Eutypa dieback of grapevine is an important disease caused by the generalist Ascomycete fungus Eutypa lata. Despite the relevance of this species to the global wine industry, its genomic diversity remains unknown, with only a single publicly available genome assembly. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics was performed on forty Australian E. lata isolates to understand the genome evolution, adaptation, population size and structure of these isolates. Phylogenetic and linkage disequilibrium decay analyses provided evidence of extensive gene flow through sexual recombination between isolates obtained from different geographic locations and hosts. Investigation of the genetic diversity of these isolates suggested rapid population expansion, likely as a consequence of the recent growth of the Australian wine industry. Genomic regions affected by selective sweeps were shown to be enriched for genes associated with secondary metabolite clusters and included genes encoding proteins with a role in nutrient acquisition, degradation of host cell wall and metal and drug resistance, suggesting recent adaptation to both abiotic factors and potentially host genotypes. Genome synteny analysis using long-read genome assemblies showed significant intraspecific genomic plasticity with extensive chromosomal rearrangements impacting the secondary metabolite production potential of this species. Finally, k-mer based GWAS analysis identified a potential locus associated with mycelia recovery in canes of Vitis vinifera that will require further investigations.

The Texas wine industry is a growing industry that impacts the states economy, offers gains in tourism and provides Texas jobs. This study shows the gains recognized from Texas Wineries during their participation (2004 fiscal year) in the Texas Wine Marketing Assistance Program (TWMAP) with comparisons made to the initial assessment for 2002 fiscal year. A questionnaire was created to assess the benefits to the wineries of the state of Texas which participated in the TWMAP program. When compared to the initial assessment (2002), participating wineries experienced an increase in all categories, for example, average sales, number of wineries participating in the program and visits to the wineries. A greater number of wineries participated in the programs, and a higher percentage believed that the TWMAP was beneficial to their business. Thirty percent more wineries reported sales increases, (67% in 2003, 97% in 2004) with average sales increase from $88,983 in 2003 to $109,387 in 2004 creating a total economic impact increase from $4.1 million to $10.1 million. The ROI increased from 930% to 1,400%. The participants in the TWMAP attribute 35.4% of their sales increases directly to the TWMAP, amounting to $3.57 million in economic benefit for the state, with programming costs of $250,000. The TWMAP returned over $14 for each $1 of state funds invested, or 1,400% return on state funding. This was an increase in the already impressive 930% increase in returns reported in 2002. In light of these trends in this program, it is clear that the TWMAP is establishing a pattern of success and the existence of a marketing campaign has had a successful economic impact on the growth of the Texas wine industry. INTRODUCTION he Texas wine industry is the country’s fifth-leading wine-producing state, and the number of wineries continues to grow. In the past two decades Texas wine production has surged, from 24,000 gallons in 1981 to a high of 1.26 million gallons in 1997. The Texas Wine marketing Assistance Program (TWMAP) was established in 2001 to support this growing industry by promoting Texas wines, and by educating the public about the Texas wine industry. This industry contributes over $170 million in Total Economic Impact, and over $3.5 million in direct excise and state tax revenues. The TWMAP offers public education programs about the wines produced in the state, the promotion of Texas wines and wineries, and the use of research to establish a wine industry marketing plan to increase the consumption of, and access to, Texas wines. g

When history does not matter? The rise of Quebec’s wine industry

Climate change is a critical challenge for the global grape and wine industry, as it can disrupt grapevine growth, production, and wine quality. Climate change could influence the cost-effectiveness and growth of the wine industry in different wine regions since grapevine development is deeply dependent on weather (short-term) and climate (long-term) conditions. Innovation and new technologies are needed to meet the challenge. This review article addresses the impact of climate change on grapevines, such as vine phenology, pest and disease pressure, crop load, and grape and wine composition. It also reviews recent advances in the areas of viticultural manipulation and relevant technologies to potentially reduce the impact of climate change and help growers improve grape quality. Remote sensing is used for vineyard microclimate monitoring; thermal sensors combined with UAVs, aircraft, or satellites are used for water management; soil electrical conductivity sensors have been developed for soil mapping. Viticultural manipulations, such as regulated deficit irrigation for water use efficiency and berry-ripening delay for growing quality fruit, are also discussed. The review assesses future directions for further technological development, such as soil and vine water monitoring devises, precision viticulture, and artificial intelligence in vineyards.

In this paper, we argue that the rapid expansion of exports as a share of global wine production is strongly related to the invention of flexitanks for wine transportation and the concurrent exponential growth of the bulk wine industry. Bulk wine fundamentally changes wine production, from the organisation of grape growing to the commercialisation of the final product, as it enables companies to assemble wine across the globe by establishing new connections between distant rural regions. Building on ethnographic fieldwork with New Zealand and Chilean bulk wine producers and German large‐scale wineries which specialise in bulk wine blending and bottling, our aim in this paper is to investigate how these new connections are forged and sustained. Drawing on the work of Çalışkan and Callon, we consider marketisation processes to be composed of different types of framing, and we analyse three of them in respect of the bulk wine market: objectification of goods, marketising agencies, and market encounters. Through detailed analysis of one market encounter that we have called “wine design sessions,” we show that German retailers align the other bulk wine agencies in a way that means they are well placed to decide on the final composition of the wines in a highly flexible accumulation scheme. It is through these wine design sessions and the practices of tasting, comparing, designing, analysing, and controlling wines that they organise the assembling and objectification of bulk wines from Chile and New Zealand (and from other countries around the globe) according to their specifications. Hence, rather than through top‐down pressure, coordination in the bulk wine market is accomplished through mundane practices and mechanisms which allow for action at a distance and which connect (and sometimes disconnect) rural regions on a global stage.

Over the last decade, the global demand for sparkling wine has surged by 40%, with Hungary being a pivotal player in this industry due to its rich history in wine production. Given the rising health consciousness among consumers and the established health benefits associated with moderate wine consumption, understanding the polyphenolic composition of these wines has become imperative. In this study, a spectrum of analytical and sensory tests were performed on a variety of 2017 vintage traditional method sparkling wines to delineate their polyphenol content, which plays a crucial role in defining the wine's taste and potential health benefits. Through meticulous analysis covering parameters such as leucoanthocyanin, catechin, colour intensity, and total antioxidant capacity, alongside routine analyses examining factors such as alcohol content and pH level, we aimed to offer a granular understanding of the characteristics defining both domestic and foreign traditional method sparkling wines. Our data revealed a remarkable diversity in the world of sparkling wines, with Hungarian variants standing toe-to-toe in terms of quality with their foreign counterparts. We discerned significant variability in the phenol content across different samples, and identified a general trend of lower polyphenol content in sparkling wines compared to still wines. This study not only underscores the commendable quality of Hungarian sparkling wines but also accentuates the vital role of polyphenols, advocating for a deeper exploration into this aspect to cater to the health-conscious consumer market and facilitating the continued growth of the Hungarian sparkling wine industry in the booming global market.

Alcohol policy liberalization is a contentious issue in the United States, including debates over whether grocery stores should be allowed to sell wine. This issue reflects a dilemma between accommodating consumer convenience, promoting wine industry growth, and generating tax revenue, versus concerns about potential harm to liquor stores. However, there is a lack of empirical studies evaluating the dual impacts of wine sales liberalization following policy reforms. This study uses synthetic control methods and synthetic difference‐in‐differences to provide robust evidence on the impact that wine sale liberalization has on liquor store closures, employment outcomes, and wine excise tax revenue. Drawing on proprietary NielsenIQ data and official government statistics, the study provides a multidimensional assessment of how a 2016 Tennessee policy reform affected wine sales and supply chain dynamics. The results suggest that allowing grocery stores to sell wine had a statistically insignificant impact on the number of liquor stores, while also increasing wine excise tax revenue. However, there is mixed evidence of a potential short‐term decline in liquor store employment, where the statistical significance of the point estimate depends on the statistical approach. Recognizing that policy reform can have unintended economic consequences, these results provide valuable, policy‐relevant insights for stakeholders navigating the evolving landscape of alcohol distribution.

This study investigates the institutional, social, and ecological dynamics that influence regional water governance and individual vineyard owners' decision making in global wine regions. Global wine grape production has grown steadily over the past 20 years, and climate change has emerged as a driver of transformation in wine regions resulting in a range of impacts. Changes to the climate are anticipated to accelerate in the future and present a number of challenges for wine regions; including risks to human systems, e.g., agriculture, labor, and economics, as well as ecological systems, e.g., surface and groundwater. Water is a critical resource for environmental and economic sustainability in wine regions, and vulnerability to freshwater resources in wine producing regions is expected to increase as wine regions experience climate extremes like heat and drought. We use the Institutional-Social-Ecological Dynamics (ISED) framework to help understand individual vineyard owner decision making about water management within the context of institutional, social, and ecological systems. We ask how the relationships between these systems impact outcomes for individual grape farmers adapting to climate challenges. Our empirical research uses document review and interviews with vineyard owners, planners, and natural resource managers in wine regions in Oregon, USA and Tasmania, Australia as a means to explore climate vulnerabilities and adaptation approaches. Subsequently we focus on an example vignette in each region to better understand individual decision making at the farm scale within the unique institutional, social, and ecological contexts identified in each region. Our cases highlight the finding that entrenched institutional regimes, in the context of ecological variability contribute to a social unevenness in access to water. Landowner conflict over water resources is likely to increase in the context of a hotter, drier climate in regions with wine industry growth. Individual vineyard owners have a range of attitudes and approaches to climate change planning and management; and adaptation around water is dependent on both economic resources and social values. Lessons from the individual farm scale help to inform broader implications of how institutional, social, and ecological drivers influence opportunities or barriers to the implementation of climate change adaptation practices in wine regions.