Lead Salt Photodetectors

The paper analyzes the operation flows and functional requirements of city fire control and rescue system. According to the integrated characteristic of fire alarming, alarm responding, controlling, fire extinguishing, data archiving and other rescue processes, it establishes the fire control and rescue information system model based on network environment and puts forward the corresponding computer network model. The model shows the consistency and integration of city fire control and rescue process, which can improve the speediness, accuracy and scientificity of fire control and rescue.

The structure of the tank fire control system is complex, the information acquisition is difficult, and the features are more, the maintenance cost is high, and the prediction and health management problems need to be solved urgently. The machine learning algorithm of support vector classifier is used to predict the of the fire control computer and sensor subsystem. In order to better carry out the fire control system health management, the prediction of the fire control system not only stays in the identification of the normal and fault states, but also distinguishes different types of states. The least squares support vector multiclassifier based on decision directed acyclic graph is selected for prediction. The improved separation measure is introduced to improve the decision directed acyclic graph, which reduces the error caused by improper initial sequence. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the least squares support vector classifier, which improves the classification accuracy. The experimental test of the tank fire control computer proves that the proposed method has high reliability and effectiveness.

Investigation of samarium-doped PbS thin films fabricated using nebulizer spray technique for photosensing applications

Improved microstructure and performance of PbS thin films via in-situ thermal decomposition of lead xanthate precursors using self-assembling monolayer

Lead sulphide (PbS) thin films has attracted interest due to its potential applications in optoelectronics devices, gas sensors, solar cell technology and transparent conducting electrodes. Thin films were grown on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique at room temperature and different annealing temperatures (573, 673 and 773) K. The structural measurements for PbS thin film show face-centered-cubic structure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to examine PbS surface. The films exhibit more homogeneity. The root mean square(r.m.s), surface roughness and average grain size were increased After annealing. The optical properties of PbS thin films are studied as a function to wavelength in region (375 - 1100) nm. The optical transmittance of PbS thin films shown that the transparency decreases with increase of annealing temperature. The direct energy gap for PbS thin film was decreases with increasing of annealing temperature for all sample due to the growth of the crystallites. The optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient and dielectric constant were also calculated.

Thin films of polycrystalline lead sulfide (PbS) have been deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition at 20 ± 1 °C in alkaline solutions. Aqueous solutions of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), potassium hydroxide (NaOH), thiourea (CS(NH2)2) and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) were used together for the first time to obtain thin films of PbS. The chemical kinetics was investigated according to the amounts of Pb2+ concentrations measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy during the precipitation of PbS. It was found that sodium thiosulfate had an inhibitor effect for alkaline solutions. The structures of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and showed that all the films had a galena-type cubic structure. The morphological characteristics of the PbS thin films were studied by scanning electron microscope and revealed that when the Na2S2O3 compound was used, the shape of the nanoparticles changed from the polymorphic form to the pyramidal form and pinhole-free PbS thin films could be produced.

Cd2+doped PbS thin films for photovoltaic applications: Novel low-cost perspective

Chemical Synthesis of PbS Thin Films and Its physicochemical Properties

Concerns about fire risk reduction and rescue tactics have been raised in light of recent incidents involving flammable cladding systems and fast fire spread in high-rise buildings worldwide. Thus, governments, engineers, and building designers should prioritize fire safety. During a fire event, an emergency evacuation system is indispensable in large buildings, which guides evacuees to exit gates as fast as possible by dynamic and safe routes. Evacuation plans should evaluate whether paths inside the structures are appropriate for evacuations, considering the building’s electric power, electric controls, energy usage, and fire/smoke protection. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as a catalyst for creating and optimizing the supply and consumption of intelligent services to achieve an efficient system. Smart buildings use IoT sensors for monitoring indoor environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, luminosity, and air quality. This research proposes a new way for a smart building fire evacuation and control system based on the IoT to direct individuals along an evacuation route during fire incidents efficiently. This research utilizes a hybrid nature-inspired optimization approach, Emperor Penguin Colony, and Particle Swarm Optimization (EPC-PSO). The EPC algorithm is regulated by the penguins’ body heat radiation and spiral-like movement inside their colony. The behavior of emperor penguins improves the PSO algorithm for sooner convergences. The method also uses a particle idea of PSO to update the penguins’ positions. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was executed accurately and effectively by cost, energy consumption, and execution time-related challenges to ensure minimum life and resource causalities. The method has decreased the execution time and cost by 10.41% and 25% compared to other algorithms. Moreover, to achieve a sustainable system, the proposed method has decreased energy consumption by 11.90% compared to other algorithms.

The quality of fire and disaster prevention is an important aspect within buildings and architectural structures because it directly affects the life, property, and safety of residents.By combining building fire control and prevention equipment, information and communication technologies, and intelligent building concepts, more secure, comfortable, and convenient residential environments can be provided.For this study, ER Studio, SQL, and Visual Studio were used as tools to create a Web-base "fire-control surveillance, and management system."Fire control equipment was integrated into the building using the building information model (BIM).When a fire detector was triggered, a surveillance monitor could determine whether the warning was accurate and immediately identify information regarding the personnel relevant to the area on fire.Fire-fighters could then determine the fire conditions, as well as the location and types of relevant fireextinguishing tools through the network.Additionally, they can conduct fire control and rescue operations rapidly and effectively to protect the lives and property of residents.

Event Abstract Back to Event Does Parkinson’s disease make subjects less Bayesian? Iris Vilares1*, James D. Howard2 and Konrad Körding1, 3, 4 1 Northwestern University and Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States 2 Northwestern University, Department of Neurology, United States 3 Northwestern University, Department of Physiology, United States 4 Northwestern University, Department of Applied Mathematics, United States Uncertainty shapes our perception of the world and the decisions we make. Two aspects of uncertainty are commonly distinguished: uncertainty in previously acquired knowledge (prior) and in current sensory information (likelihood). Several behavioral studies have shown that healthy subjects can often integrate information from both of these sources in a way that is close to the statistically optimal, combining them according to their respective uncertainties. However, it is still unclear how these parameters are represented in the brain. Recent work in our lab found that increased prior uncertainty was associated with stronger activations in the putamen. Furthermore, on a subject-by-subject basis, the magnitude of prior-related brain activity in the putamen significantly predicted individuals’ personal tendencies to rely more on prior or current information. These results led us hypothesize that putamen may play a critical role in signaling prior uncertainty and thus in deciding on how much weight to place in prior vs current information. To more directly address this hypothesis, we asked Parkinson Disease (PD) patients to perform a perceptual decision-making task, while varying prior and likelihood uncertainty. PD patients, because of the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, have strong deficits in information transmission from the putamen. Hence, we hypothesized that they would perform sub-optimally, not taking correctly into account prior uncertainty. Preliminary results suggest that this is indeed what happens. Together, our results suggest a causal role of putamen and/or dopamine in transmitting prior uncertainty, and shed a light into the mechanisms that might allow human Bayesian-optimal behavior. Keywords: Bayesian decision theory, Parkinson's disease, Visual Perception Conference: Neural Coding, Decision-Making & Integration in Time, Rauischholzhausen, Germany, 26 Apr - 29 Apr, 2012. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Neural Coding, Decision-Making & Integration in Time Citation: Vilares I, Howard JD and Körding K (2012). Does Parkinson’s disease make subjects less Bayesian?. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: Neural Coding, Decision-Making & Integration in Time. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2012.86.00020 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 12 Jan 2012; Published Online: 16 Jan 2012. * Correspondence: Ms. Iris Vilares, Northwestern University and Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chicago, United States, irisvilares@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Iris Vilares James D Howard Konrad Körding Google Iris Vilares James D Howard Konrad Körding Google Scholar Iris Vilares James D Howard Konrad Körding PubMed Iris Vilares James D Howard Konrad Körding Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

PbS thin films are fabricated from 99.9% PbS powder on glass substrates using the vacuum evaporation method. Some of the samples are then treated in an advanced process called annealing. Samples are annealed in temperatures of 80, 100, 120 and 150°C for two h. Characterization using an X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) resulted in values of lattice constant of the films ranging from (5.782±0,010) A to (5.919±0,006) A. These values are quite different from the standard, probably because the films are stressed and strained. The grains have sizes ranging from (266.440±0.001) A to (694.059±0.002) A, where the greatest grain size was found as deposited thin film because it was directly condensed from powder vapor during the deposition process and after they are annealed, the grain size becomes smaller. The average internal stress has values ranging from (0.36±0,006) × 109 N/m2 to (3.247±0.010) ×109 N/m2 and microstrain ranging from (2,864±0.006) × 10-3 to (25.94±0,01) ×10-3. It was found that the film which has the greatest stress and microstrain is the film with the annealing temperature of 150°C, showing that the annealing process exerts force on the film following the rising of temperature. Use of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows the surface pictures of the deposited thin film and the film annealed at 120°C. Furthermore, the thickness of the samples is obtained by using the cross section of the films and showed that the thickness of the deposited thin film is between 0.63 and 1.30 microns and the thickness of the film annealed at 120°C is between 3.37 and 4.34 microns. The best quality thin film from this research is that annealed at 120°C, because it showed more peaks than the other samples. It can be concluded that the annealing process had effects on the structures, grain size, strain and stress of the crystals.

Influencing the structural, microstructural and optical properties of PbS nanocrystalline thin films by Mg2+ doping

Deposition of p-type Al doped PbS thin films for heterostructure solar cell device using feasible nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique

The effect of iron-doping on lead sulphide (PbS) thin films deposited on glass substrates via successive ionic layer adsorption (SILAR) Technique using lead acetate, Pb(CH3COO)2, thioacetamide (S2H5NS), Iron (II) Chloride dehydrate (FeCl2. 2H2O), ethanol and ammonia in alkaline medium annealed between 283K and 500K was investigated. The structural and morphological studies were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The XRD showed that PbS thin films were cubic and face-centred crystalline