Learning Object Assembly Based on Learning Styles

Higher education models appear to be not entirely designed to support students in facing severe challenges, such as failure in exams and dropping out of school. To solve these challenges, several models of learning styles have been proposed, under the premise that these studies contribute to improving the student's learning experience. This research aims at quantifying the impact of learning styles (learning preferences/dimensions) on students' academic performance from a higher education institution. Ninety-six undergraduate students were surveyed during the 2018-2019 school year and randomly divided into two groups: control (CG) and experimental (EG). The learning preferences of the students were identified using the Unified Learning Style Model (ULSM) instrument. Subsequently, the level of students’ knowledge concerning the course was determined employing a pre-test exam. As a following step, the students of the EG consulted the learning objects designed considering different learning styles. The CG attend their lessons in a face-to-face environment; both groups answered a post-test exam to assess their learning. The learning styles' effect -learning objects were designed to cover several learning styles- on academic performance is quantified employing an ANOVA analysis. The results differ from those postulated in previous researches based on the ULSM since there is no statistical evidence that learning styles influence students' academic performance. Therefore, it is necessary to explore other cognitive and affective factors that make the student's learning experience efficient and effective.

This study aims to examine the effect of using Canva-based learning media on learning outcomes of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in class III SDIT Al-Insan Pinrang, as well as how it relates to individual learning styles of students. The problem raised is the extent to which the use of Canva media can improve students' learning outcomes compared to PowerPoint media, taking into account visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design, where learners were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group using Canva and the control group using PowerPoint. The research design also involved a 2x3 factorial analysis to see the interaction between learning media and learning styles. Data was collected through pre-test and post-test to measure learning outcomes, as well as a questionnaire to identify learners' learning styles. Hypothesis testing was conducted using two independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis to see the differences between experimental and control groups, as well as differences based on learning styles. The results showed that the use of Canva had a significant effect on PAI learning outcomes, especially for students with visual and kinesthetic learning styles. However, there was no significant difference between the auditory learning style groups using Canva and PowerPoint. This finding reinforces the importance of considering learning styles in choosing learning media, and shows that visual design-based learning media, such as Canva, can increase learners' motivation and active participation, especially in learning that requires greater visual engagement. This research is beneficial for the development of more adaptive and effective learning methods in primary schools.

The effects of UZWEBMAT on the probability unit achievement of Turkish eleventh grade students and the reasons for such effects

Music is concerned with the physical and emotional wellbeing of any human being. Listening to pleasant music in the background while doing an arduous task can make it seem so much easier, or in some cases, music may not increase positive attitude, but will ease the strain of an activity. This study assessed whether music blended teaching helps the learners who face difficulties while learning mathematics. The sample consisted of 42 students identified with mathematics learning disability. The experimental group was taught mathematics with violin instrumental music played in the background of the Mathematics classroom. The control group was taught through conventional teaching. The treatment lasted for 44 days, 45 minutes per day. For collection of relevant data, the investigator used two standardised tools namely, Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) and PrWi’s Mathematical Ability Test (PMAT). The self-made tools were: Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), Scale on Interest in Mathematics (SIM) and Mathematics test Anxiety Scale (MAS). The pre and post-test analyses disclosed that the experimental group students exhibit lesser mathematics test anxiety in the post-test than the pre-test. In the gain scores it was found that both the control and experimental groups did not show any difference in the achievement, interest and anxiety scores in mathematics. In delayed post-test, the experimental group showed better performance in the learning objective - knowledge than the control group. Also the experimental group students with high level intelligence exhibited better scores in the learning objective – knowledge than the counter parts in control group. No significant difference was found in the delayed post-test in interest and anxiety of both the control and experimental groups. It is also true with regard to the level of intelligence.

Intelligent learning systems provide relevant learning materials to students based on their individual pedagogical needs and preferences. However, providing personalized learning objects based on learners’ preferences, such as learning styles which are particularly important for the recommendation of learning objects, re-mains a challenge. Recommending the most appropriate learning objects for learners has always been a challenge in the field of e-learning. This challenge has driven educators and researchers to implement new ideas to help learners improve their learning experience and knowledge. New solutions use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP). In this paper, we propose and develop a new personalization approach for recommendation that implements the adaptation of learning objects according to the learners’ learning style mainly focused on the use of a chatbot, named LearningPartnerBot, which will be integrated into the Moodle platform. We use the Felder-Silverman Learning Styles Model to determine learners’ learning styles in order to recommend learning objects, and also to overcome the cold start problem. A chatbot is an automated communication tool that attempts to imitate a conversation by detecting the intentions of its user. The proposed LearningPartnerBot should be able to answer learners’ questions in real time and provide a relevant set of suggestions according to their needs.

The instructional value of web-based education systems has been an important area of research in information systems education. This study investigates the effect of various teaching methods on program design learning for students with specific learning styles in web-based education systems. The study takes first-year Computer Science and Information Engineering majors as the sample population. In an earlier study (Hung & Huang, 2008), Bayesian Network analysis of experimental data showed that students with “Input-oriented” and “Perception-oriented” learning styles performed less well on program design tests. Following on these results, this study further analyzes student learning performance in the program design course with a focus on the relationship between teaching methods and learning styles. Students are divided into experimental groups and a control group. The subjects' learning performances are analyzed with the bi-factor variable analysis in SPSS. The results indicate that (a) in learning program design, input-oriented students taught with the diagram method exhibit significantly better learning performance than those using other teaching methods; and (b) in learning program design, perception-oriented students taught with the analogy method exhibit significantly better learning performance than those using other teaching methods.

The aim of this research is to determine the learning styles of Web 2.0 based collaborative group activities; to examine the effects on academic achievement, online cooperative learning attitude level, computer thinking skill level. The research was carried out with a quantitative method and a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was used. Data were collected through Computational Thinking Skill Level scale, Online Cooperative Learning Attitude Scale and academic achievement test. The research was conducted for 10 weeks in the 2019-2020 academic year, within the scope of Information Technologies and Software course, with 83 6th grade students. The experimental group consists of 43 students and the control group consists of 40 students. In the research, one of the learning style theories, Kolb Learning Style model was used. In the experimental group, Web 2.0 based activities developed by the researcher were applied and the experimental group students produced content with Web 2.0 tools. In the control group, the lesson was taught in the way the current program suggested in schools. As a result, a meaningful difference was determined between students' academic achievement scores, online cooperative attitude levels, computer thinking levels and learning styles. According to these variables, the students with the discriminating learning style show the highest success. In addition, as a result of the research, it was determined that there are some features and developments other than the learning style feature in students. Learning environments other than the learning path of the learning style can be provided. Similar studies can be conducted by using the learning style inventory based on different theories.

The instructional-educational process in learning to swim plays a crucial role in children's development. Approaching methods and use in training practices of all ages and performance levels have been the subject of ever deeper research, so that the effectiveness of training in this area is increasingly visible. The issue of motivation in sports is a topical issue because it is essential for athletes' involvement and performance. Although material stimulation can be considered an important factor in motivating athletes, it is not necessarily enough to commit them to an extremely difficult and risky path, such as that of performance sports. Athletes' motivation stems from a complex combination of factors, including passion for sport, the desire to demonstrate their skills and talents, the aspiration to achieve personal and collective goals, and the desire to achieve recognition and satisfaction through sporting success. The purpose of the research is to identify the level of motivation for swimming and performance of children aged 9-10 years. Research method: the test Motivation for swimming of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation after N. Luskanova) The test was applied by the researcher in October 2022 to a number of 30 children aged 9-10 who practice swimming in the Tirgoviște Swimming Complex and CSȘ Tirgoviște Swimming Pool. Depending on age, we have, within the experimental group, 7 children aged 9 and 8 children aged 10. Within the control group, we identify 6 children aged 9 years and 9 children aged 10 years. We observe that the two groups are homogeneous, referring to the age variable. Regarding the gender of the subjects who are part of the group subjected to the experiment, we observe homogeneity in terms of gender, in each group there are 5 girls and 10 boys. The distribution according to the residential environment from which they come is as follows: from the experimental group 3 subjects come from the rural environment and 12 from the urban environment, and in the control group 1 subject comes from the rural environment and 14 from the urban environment The test results can be seen in Table 1. The difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not significant from a statistical point of view, since the values of the statistical indicators are close, we observe small differences between them.Table 1. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group (n=20 boys)tabelThe differences between the two groups in the statistical indicators are variable, the difference between the averages is small, 0.6 points, in the standard deviation the difference between the groups is 0.77 points, the minimums recorded are equal to 15 points, and the difference between the maximums of the groups is 1 point. These results show homogeneity regarding the level of motivation between the experimental group and that of the control group. Table 2. Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, boystabelWe find that the level of motivation for swimming of the interviewed subjects is good. On the first level are ranked 2 subjects from the experimental group SC with 26 points and CR with 25 points, and from the control group subject MR with 25 points. These subjects have a very good motivation to practice swimming. On the second level, a number of 3 subjects from experimental group II are ranked with 24 points, AN with 23 points, AT with 20 points and six control subjects BM with 24 points, NA and RN with 23 points each, CI, AI and VE with 21 points each. The motivation of these subjects is characterized as good. Level III, respectively of relatively good motivation, has 5 subjects from the experimental group in the ranking: DF with 19 points, MG with 18 points, BL and IA with 17 points, GI with 15 points. In the control group, three subjects were registered on this level: BG with 19 points, RO with 18 points and DC with 15 points. None of the subjects was ranked on level IV-weak motivation and on level 5-very weak motivation. Overall, the motivation of 9-10 year olds for swimming is good and relatively good. In the following we will analyze the results recorded by the girls' teams. Table 3. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group, (n= 5 girls)tabelThe difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not statistically significant as the values of the statistical indicators are close in value. The difference between the averages of the two groups is 1.04 points, the standard deviation being 2.82 points in the case of the experimental group and 1.49 in the case of the control group. The difference between the minimum values is 1 point, and between the maximum values is 4 points in favor of the experimental group. The results obtained by the girls from the two groups subjected to the experiment, in the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years, are as follows: on the first level, with a very good motivation, only GM ranked with 26 points, from the experimental group , on level II, with good motivation, the subjects AF with 22 points and BM with 20 points from the experimental group and DV with 22 points, AN and IF with 20 points each from the control group are highlighted. On level III, relatively good motivation, there are EL with 19 points and MT with 18 points from the experimental group and BP and NO with 18 points each from the control group. Table 4 Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, girlstabelConclusions The analysis of the obtained data shows us that both groups subjected to the experiment, both in the case of boys and girls, have a good motivation for swimming, but there is a need to increase the level of motivation to maintain interest in this sport and to register performance, through specific activities. We believe that an increased level of motivation among children between the ages of 9 and 10 in swimming practice can have a significant impact on their development both in sports and personally. In correlation with the research results, we propose the following recommendations: - For each group of children, by age level, a psychological training program targeting the motivational component will be developed, which will be integrated into the training process. This program will be adapted to the specific needs of the group and will aim to adapt motivation and, implicitly, sports performance. - The psychological training program will include strategies and techniques to support the development of children's motivation for swimming, promoting commitment, the desire to excel and perseverance in training and competitions. This could include, among other things, visualization sessions, stability of personal goals, working with thoughts and emotions to maintain a positive mindset and focus on success.

Adaptation to learners’ learning styles can help education systems improve learning efficiency and effectiveness. This research orientation has been studied by many researchers lately, but most of the existing education systems lack adaptation in which every learner is delivered the same learning content. Moreover, many researchers concluded that it is worth applying automatic identification of learning style because of its advantages in precision and time savings. In our study, we concentrate on two main technologies to implement adaptation in education systems: semantic web and intelligent agents. Using ontology with the Semantic Web services makes it faster and more convenient to query and retrieve educational materials. Intelligent agents can provide the learners with personal assistants to carry out learning activities according to their learning styles and knowledge level. In this paper, we present a domain ontology that is suitable for adaptive e-learning environments. The ontology describes the learning objects that compose a course as well as the learners and their learning styles. We also present a multi-agent e-learning system that supports pre-defining and re-examining students’ learning styles during the course for better personalization. In the system, the learning style of each learner can be identified automatically and dynamically. We used a new literature-based method that uses learners’ behaviors on learning objects as indicators for this task. The evaluation showed a high precision in detecting learning styles and in delivering learning materials. Together with the mentioned benefits, this result indicates that our e-learning system is capable of wide use. !

Web 3.0 – Based personalisation of learning objects in virtual learning environments

The research aims at discovering the followings: 1. The effect of using inclusion and guided-discovery style in learning some volleyball skills. 2. The differences among the two styles in learning some volleyball skill . To verify the aims of research, the researcher supposes the followings: 3. The inclusion and, guided-discovery styles achieve learning of some volleyball skills in different levels. 4. There are no statistical differences among the results of learning some skills for the two styles. The researcher used experimental method for its suitability to the nature of research. The research was applied upon pupils of 4th classes of Qarakosh preparatory School for boys in Hamdaniya District for the academic year 2007-2008. Their total was (48). They had been divided into three groups (16) for each group.The researcher applied special style of teaching as follows: • The first experimental group: inclusion style. • The second experimental group: guided-Discovery style. • The control groupe : command style The equivalence among groups has been achieved in the variables of age, height and weight and some elements of physical fitness which affect in learning some volleyball skills. The researchers concentrated on experimental design which is called pre-post test random equilavant control groups. Two instructional programs in volleyball have been prepared special for skills (overhand top spin serve and forearm pass) in accordance with inclusion and guided-discovery styles. The program fulfillment lasted for (4) weeks with two instructional units per a week.This program have been fulfilled during the period 3-11-2007 till 30-12-2007After collecting data and handling them statistically by using means, standard deviation, multiple-correlation coefficient, t-test, Anove one away in one direction and the L.S.D test.We have reached the following conclusions The inclusion style is better than the two other styles when we use it in learning the skills of (over hand top spin serve, and forearm pass). The guided-discovery style is better than traditional (commanding) style when we use it in learning the skills of (top spin serve and forearm pass). The researcher has recommended the following: Using inclusion style through learning volleyball skills (over hand top spin serve and forearm pass). Using guided-discovery style in learning the skills of (over hand top spin serve and forearm pass) and to be more preferable than commanding style.

A student’s learning style is the approach for learning that best allows the student to gather and to understand knowledge in a specific manner. Providing students with learning materials and activities that fit to their learning styles seems to have high potential to make learning easier for them. This research aims at providing teachers with recommendations on how to best extend their existing e-courses in learning management systems to accommodate more students with different learning styles. A smart e-course recommender tool has been developed for this purpose, which analyzes the e-courses with respect to their support levels for different students’ learning styles, recommends learning objects to be added to the courses, and visualizes the recommendations and the improvement in the course support level for students’ with different learning styles. The experimental results indicate that the tool has the ability to recommend suitable learning objects that, once being added, significantly improve the course support level for accommodating more students with different learning styles.

This study investigated how the integration of a game‐based learning strategy and a tangible user interface (TUI) device improves the learning achievement of fifth‐grade students in studying Chinese idioms. By using the sifting, and sorting, features of Sifteo Cubes, learners, via a gaming situation, manually composed the cubes to the correct idioms, and the system also provided the origins of the idioms, facilitating meaningful learning. A quasi‐experimental non‐equivalent control‐group design was conducted. Both the experimental and control groups were administered a pre‐test and post‐test, the Idiom Learning Performance Test (ILPT), to investigate the variations between the treatment and groups. Furthermore, the Index of Learning Style for Youth (ILSY) survey was administered to determine how different learning styles and learning strategies affect learning achievement. The results showed that, after the CILS was used, the post‐test scores were significantly higher than the pre‐test scores in the experimental group. In addition, the post‐test scores of active and visual learners were higher than the pre‐test scores, and were significantly higher than reflective and verbal learners. The results suggested that the CILS is suitable for active and visual learners. Recommendations for using the CILS and Sifteo Cubes in instruction and further direction research are provided.

This research was intended to measure the effectiveness in the students’ writing achievement by using note-written and marked-written grammar feedback on students’ writing with visual learning styles. Based on the result of the computation, that in the experimental group using note-written grammar feedback, mean score for visual learning style is 78.78, while in the control group the visual learning style is 69.25. It means that there is a difference means score between experimental group and control group. Based on the statistical computation, the F value of Corrected Model was .519. It > .05 with the level of confidence 95% (α = .05). It means that was not valid. Further, the F value of Intercept was .000. It < .05 with the level of confidence 95% (α = .05). It means the dependent variable was not influenced by the independent variable. On the other words, the intercept was significant. While the effect of note-written grammar feedback to posttest score is .388. It > .05 with the level of confidence 95% (α = .05). It means that there is no a significance of note-written grammar feedback in students’ writing. Furthermore, for the technique on learning style was .347> .05 with the level of confidence 95% (α = .05). It means that there was no a significance of written grammar feedback techniques and students’ learning style on the students’ writing.

The current study aimed to identify the effect of teaching the subject of national and civic education using the scientific stations strategy. To develop critical thinking skills among eighth grade students in Jordan in light of their learning styles. The quasi-experimental methodology was used, it suits the purposes of the study. The study population consisted of (61) eighth-grade students at Wadi Al-Seer Basic School for Boys, affiliated with the Wadi Al-Seer District Education Directorate. Two classes from the same school were chosen. They were divided into two groups as follows: a control group of (30) students, who were taught in the usual way, and an experimental group which consisted of (31) students, who taught entirely in the scientific method. The study used the following tools: (testing critical thinking skills and identifying learning styles), which were verified for validity and reliability, in addition to relying on the scientific stations strategy as a tool that can develop students’ critical thinking skills. Indeed, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of students in the experimental group and the control group on the critical thinking test, due to (the scientific stations strategy). It also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of students in the experimental group and the control group on the critical thinking test is attributed to the (scientific stations strategy) in light of learning styles.