Least time path planning under urban timetabled public transport using A∗ Algorithm

With the acceleration of urbanization, public transport networks are an important part of urban transport systems, and their robustness is critical for city operation. The objective of this study is to analyze the topological properties and robustness of an urban public transport network (UPTN) with a view to enhancing the sustainability of urbanization. In order to present the topological structure of the UPTN, the L-Space complex network modeling method is used to construct a model. Topological characteristics of the network are calculated. Based on single evaluation indices of station significance, a comprehensive evaluation index is proposed as the basis for selecting critical stations. The UPTN cascading failure model is established. Using the proportion of the maximum connected subgraph as the evaluation index, the robustness of the UPTN is analyzed using different station significance indices and deliberate attack strategies. The public transport network of Xuzhou city is selected for instance analysis. The results show that the UPTN in Xuzhou city has small-world effects and scale-free characteristics. Although the network has poor connectivity, it is a convenient means to travel for residents with many independent communities. The network’s dynamic robustness is demonstrably inferior to its static robustness due to the prevalence of cascading failure phenomena. Specifically, the failure of important stations has a wider impact on the network performance. Improving their load capacity and distributing the routes via them will help bolster the network resistance against contingencies. This study provides a scientific basis and strategic recommendations for urban planners and public transport managers to achieve a more sustainable public transport system.

In recent years, studies on smart cities have attracted much attention in the literature. In the smart city concept, urban public transportation network studies are one of the most important issues. Afterthe 2000s, smart cards have been widely used in city public transportation systems. Using the data collected through the smart card, many models have been created in line with the smart city concept. In the literature, there are various optimal route recommendation models using urban public transportation network and city smart card data. In this study, some current models built on the basis of urban public transportation network and smart card data are discussed. The specifications of the models, their important differences, the topologies they use, optimization criteria, and computational complexities are analyzed. Dijkstra’s algorithm, which is widely used for the solution of optimal route recommendation models, and its various modifications are analysed. Additionally, various models developed by applying fuzzy logic are examined. Comparative analysis of public transportation network models is given.

Public transport (PT) overcrowding is a notorious problem in urban transport networks. Its negative effects upon travel experience can be potentially addressed by disseminating real-time crowding information (RTCI) to passengers. However, impacts of RTCI provision in urban PT networks remain largely unknown. This study aims to contribute by developing an extended dynamic PT simulation model that enables a thorough analysis of instantaneous RTCI consequences. In the model, RTCI is generated and disseminated across the network, and then utilised in passengers’ sequential en-route choices. A case-study demonstration of the RTCI algorithm on urban PT network model of Kraków (Poland) shows that instantaneous RTCI has the potential to improve passengers’ travel experience, although it is also susceptible to inaccuracy. RTCI provision can yield total travel utility improvements of 3% in typical PM peak-hour, with reduced impacts of the worst overcrowding effects (in terms of denied-boarding and in-vehicle travel disutility in overcrowded conditions) of 30%. Highlights: Real-time crowding information (RTCI) is an increasingly feasible solution in public transport. We introduce a novel framework for modelling the network effects of instantaneous RTCI. Instantaneous RTCI can result in improved travel experience but also substantial inaccuracy risk. Reduced impacts of the worst overcrowding experience amount to up to 30%.

We study urban public transport systems by means of multiplex networks in which stops are represented as nodes and each line is represented by a layer. We determine and visualize public transport network orientations and compare them with street network orientations of the 36 largest German as well as 18 selected major European cities. We find that German urban public transport networks are mainly oriented in a direction close to the cardinal east-west axis, which usually coincides with one of two orthogonal preferential directions of the corresponding street network. While this behavior is present in only a subset of the considered European cities it remains true that none but one considered public transport network has a distinct north-south-like preferential orientation. Furthermore, we study the applicability of the class of matrix function-based centrality measures, which has recently been generalized from single-layer networks to layer-coupled multiplex networks, to our more general urban multiplex framework. Numerical experiments based on highly efficient and scalable methods from numerical linear algebra show promising results, which are in line with previous studies. The centrality measures allow detailed insights into geometrical properties of urban systems such as the spatial distribution of major transport axes, which can not be inferred from orientation plots. We comment on advantages over existing methodology, elaborate on the comparison of different measures and weight models, and present detailed hyper-parameter studies. All results are illustrated by demonstrative graphical representations.

This study focuses on identifying critical components within urban public transportation networks, particularly in the context of fluc-tuating demand and potential pandemic scenarios. By employing advanced agent-based simulations, we analyzed passenger interac-tions and ridership patterns across the San Francisco Bay Area’s transit system. Key findings reveal specific transit stops and routes that are highly sensitive to changes in demand, often serving as bottlenecks or high-risk areas for the spread of infectious diseases.

This paper presents a new evolutionary algorithm with a special geographic heuristics, which solves bi-criteria version of Routing Problem in Urban Public Transportation Networks often called Bus Routing Problem (BRP). Our solution returns a set of routes, containing at most k quasi-optimal paths with the earliest arrival in the first instance and with minimal number of transfers in the second. Effective algorithms for BRP are the heart of public transport routes planners. Proposed algorithm was compared with three another solutions for itinerary planning problem. This comparison is prepared on the base of experimental results which were performed on real-life data - Warsaw city public transport network. Conducted experiments confirm high effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with comparable solutions for considered problem.Keywordsmulti-modal public transport networksitinerary planning problemtime-dependent k-shortest paths problemevolutionary algorithmgeographic heuristics

The bus was the priority travel mode for most citizens in the urban public transportation network. The research of bus transfer and query algorithm, the design of a system that can run on the Android platform and can query bus information promptly and accurately has become a realistic application requirement. In this paper, in terms of the issue of public transport transfer query and transfer, a weighted directed graph was adopted to describe the bus network. The public transport transfer matrix was constructed by a weighted directed graph based on the bus network. According to the actual test, the bus route display, the query of the route and the query of the transfer scheme could be achieved by the designed algorithm, which proved that the algorithm was effective.

Experimental analysis of boarding and alighting behavior in urban public transport network: A case study


 
 
 The following Review Articles aims at reviewing available literature regarding the introduction of E-Buses in urban public transport networks, with particular focus on the scheduling constraints of both vehicles and crews. 
 Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) are the type of E-Buses taken into consideration in this review through the lens of the Electric Vehicle Scheduling Problem (E-VSP). 
 By introducing the planning processes and scheduling objectives that the implementation of e-buses requires, covering then the most impactful constraints that emerge with their adoption (both complete and partial), and concluding with the illustration of the five solution approaches to the scheduling problem deemed more relevant by the authors on the basis of information availability and frequency of use, the article attempts to provide the reader with holistic level information regarding the topic. 
 
 

Light rail in urban regions: what Dutch policymakers could learn from experiences in France, Germany and Japan

Currently, the trends in urban public transport have been changing over the years in developing countries for mobilization and accessibility development. Urban public transportation systems are the most popular in Selangor State, including big cities such as the Klang Valley Region. Objective measures of spatial pattern and hotspots have been used to understand how urban public transport development relate to open access. This method relies on specific spatial information and available web-based tool that shows the pattern primarily based on given vicinity and statistics connectivity. To date, several studies have finished tested in developed countries. In this study, we use Geographic Information Systems to analyse and consider hotspots identification precisely and efficaciously. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on two types of point sample evaluations – Gi* hot spot and point density analysis evaluation as statistical operations. Public rail transport was evaluated as a validation to describe the percentage of distribution of open access. The final result, GIS mapping capabilities to show that GIS's technology offers to the variation of urban public transport relate to public services, is to create maps and spatial interpretations.

Exploring the robustness of public transportation system on augmented network: A case from Nanjing China

Intermodal Passengers Terminals: Design Standards for Better Level of Service

Abstract. Network-based visualisation provides a detailed and accurate way of estimating accessibilities in cities. In this paper, the city of Augsburg serves as an example for modelling changes in network-based accessibility inside the inner city. For improving the urban public transport network, the central transportation hub “Königsplatz” recently underwent a major reconstruction. Therefore, a central detour of tram services was established. The change of accessibility is investigated using OpenStreetMap as database. The analysis was performed by a comparison of the spatiotemporal accessibility with bus and tram, in the period during and after the reconstruction. Geovisualisation of this accessibility analysis is accomplished via colour-coded accessibility maps and 3D-areal maps. A major change of accessibility can be detected between the reconstruction and post-reconstruction phase. Furthermore, this accessibility analysis reveals a far worse accessibility of public transportation in the eastern part compared to the western part of the city centre in Augsburg.

The article discusses some common problems faced by most municipal urban electric transport enterprises that existed in the pre-war period and provides a forecast for the post-war recovery of the industry. It emphasizes that the urban public transport in Ukraine should develop based on the principle of multimodality, where schedules of different types of urban public transport are coordinated and tickets are valid for a certain period of time, allowing passengers to transfer between a certain number of transport modes. Specific measures are proposed to improve the functioning of urban public transport in Ukraine on the path to multimodality. The article also provides a brief overview of the application of multimodal transport by public transport in a number of developed countries around the world. According to the forecasts made in the article, in the coming years, public transport will become not only more technological and environmentally friendly, but also more economical due to the introduction of advanced types of public transport, various convenient forms of payment for passenger services based on contactless electronic media, the development of other transport technologies and electronic transport applications. All this, combined with modernized dispatching of urban passenger transport, route rationalization, and the optimization of coordinated schedules, will inevitably lead to the creation of a highly automated multimodal public transport system in our cities, which will make urban public transport a better choice compared to private vehicles in the future. The article provides interesting illustrative material showing how equal-sized groups of people, who are public transport passengers, use micro-mobility vehicles (bicycles) and are owners and passengers of cars in the urban space. The presented material vividly demonstrates the advantages of public transport in terms of relieving congested roads in the majority of Ukrainian cities. Multimodality of urban public transport is the decisive word in the post-war recovery and further sustainable development of our country's urban public transport.