LED Streetlight Application Assessment Project

This paper presents a road lighting control system that uses a light-dependent resistor sensor cooperating with an Internet protocol camera to the lower energy consumption during unnecessary use of a lighting system. A microcontroller was used as a control circuit to automatically control the brightness of a light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire, increasing or decreasing the brightness depending on traffic density. The proposed lighting control system was integrated into a nanogrid solar road lighting system and analysed through an experimental setup. Furthermore, nanogrid solar road lighting systems in LED solar stand-alone and grid-connected operations, with and without the proposed lighting control, were investigated and compared with a conventional existing road lighting system in terms of economic feasibility, based on the following indicators: discounted payback period, net present value, internal rate of return, and profitability index. The results indicate that the use of the Internet protocol camera with the LED sensor can automatically control the on/off state or illuminance levels of the LED luminaire, thereby lowering the energy consumption of the road lighting system when lighting is not required. The economic assessment results indicate that the nanogrid solar road lighting system in LED solar stand-alone and grid-connected road lighting modes exhibit feasibility for investment; the latter provides more economic feasibility. However, when the proposed lighting control is included, the nanogrid solar road lighting system in both modes have lower initial investment costs and save more energy. Consequently, the economic results are improved. The use of the proposed lighting control is thus economically feasible for road lighting systems.

Street and public area lighting is a key service provided by municipal government. The public lighting sector is playing an important role in providing convenience, enhancing safety and security, promoting economic development, creation of friendly environment, as well as increasing the aesthetic appeal of surrounding property. The energy consumption in the street lighting sector, whether in public lighting or private users, constitutes a high percentage of the total energy used. Lighting conditions in streets of city of Tirana are currently at a level, which in many cases does not satisfy the requirements set out by legislation and standards. The study is undertaken with the request of Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy with goal to identify the possibility of applying new street lighting systems in Tirana, in order to draft concrete strategies for the future of street lighting in Albania. The study was focus on the opportunities and recommendations for the development and installation of LED technologies in the street lighting of Tirana. The study presented in this paper is completely based on the detailed analysis of the current state of the street lighting system in the Municipality of Tirana by visits and measurements, full information taken by municipality, interviews with responsible people of street lights system, different simulations based on DIALux software for new technology proposed. The study has estimated a great potential electrical energy savings by replacing existing street lighting lamps retrofits with LED in municipality of Tirana, around 33%, which is 4.6 million kWh/year, effecting a reduction of 1.85 million kg CO2 emission. The findings presented in the paper provide information on energy savings opportunities, which can be readily adopted by Municipalities of Albania, in their pursuit of energy and financial savings in street lighting sector.

Libya is one of the countries blessed with high potential of renewable energy. Currently, the electricity in Libya is produced from fossil fuel to meet the demand on the local electricity market. In the near future, the demand on the energy will increase significantly. The growth in energy demand will lead to more oil and gas consumption in Libya. Additionally, the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions will increase substantially. Therefore, Libya should make an urgent plan to use its alternative energy supplies to cover some of its load requirements. For example street lighting forms around 20% of the electricity consumption. The street lighting system in Libya is based on the high pressure sodium lamps which are powered from the electricity grid. The lamp rating ranges from 250 to 400 watts. As the country struggles to satisfy its electricity demands we propose replacing the conventional street lighting system with solar powered LED (Light emitting Diode) lighting system. The paper presents a case study for 4 km solar street lighting system in Almarj city. Two proposals are investigated, the conventional lighting system and the solar powered LED lighting system. A feasibility study of the street lighting system is carried out. The cost, energy savings and the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission of the two proposed systems are compared. The cost of the solar powered LED street lighting system is 1,250,200 LD, while the cost of the high pressure Sodium lamp street lighting system is 2,117,255 LD. Additionally, the solar powered LED street lighting system has no CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions.

This paper presents an assessment of the impact of maintenance of a road lighting luminaire with a high-pressure sodium lamp and an LED luminaire on the lighting parameters on the road and the energy efficiency of the entire road lighting installation. Improper maintenance of road lighting installations, especially of luminaires, can significantly worsen road traffic safety. In addition, after performing maintenance activities, e.g., after replacing a lamp in the luminaire, the energy consumption of the road lighting installation can increase. Both active and reactive energy can increase. Using the examples of a road luminaire with a high-pressure sodium lamp and an LED luminaire, it was shown that such a phenomenon can occur. An assessment of maintenance in terms of energy performance indicators was performed for the luminaire using the indicators described in the lightning standard and those proposed by the authors of this paper. This approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of maintenance on energy performance indicators—energy efficiency.

HighlightsWhat are the main findings?Ensuring energy efficiency through the use of the P&O MPPT algorithmThe integration of a PV-battery hybrid system for a smart street lighting systemThe use of internet-free LoRaWAN communication for a remote monitoring and control systemWhat is the implication of the main finding?The primary objective of this study is to present a design for a street lighting system based on LEDs, which is hybrid-powered by solar energy and batteries, thereby making it independent of the grid.It focuses on reducing energy consumption during times of low demand, managing energy according to the potential of energy sources, and enhancing system reliability by enabling monitoring and control of the entire system through the LoRaWAN communication method.The growing demand for electricity and the urgent need to reduce environmental impact have made sustainable energy utilization a global priority. Street lighting, as a significant consumer of urban electricity, requires innovative solutions to enhance efficiency and reliability. This study presents an off-grid smart street lighting system that combines solar photovoltaic generation with battery storage and Internet of Things (IoT)-based control to ensure continuous and efficient operation. The system integrates Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) communication technology for remote monitoring and control without internet connectivity and employs the Perturb and Observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to maximize energy extraction from solar sources. Data transmission from the LoRaWAN gateway to the cloud is facilitated through the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, enabling real-time access and management via a graphical user interface. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a maximum MPPT efficiency of 97.96%, supports reliable communication over distances of up to 10 km, and successfully operates four LED streetlights, each spaced 400 m apart, across an open area of approximately 1.2 km—delivering a practical, energy-efficient, and internet-independent solution for smart urban infrastructure.

The street lighting is one of major components in total energy consumption in cities. The paper is focused on a concept of street lamp control systems and function organization with remote monitoring, to reduce maintenance costs and energy consumption. A new approach to the definition of functional strategy organization for outdoor lighting systems is introduced in the paper. Proposed functional strategies are based on four efficiency classes of building automation and control systems (BACS) defined in the EN 15323 standard. They have been formulated, analysed and eventually implemented and verified in real experiment street lighting installation. This outdoor lighting system, designed by the authors, based on LonWorks (the ISO/IEC EN 14908) platform with a power line communication aimed to control high-pressure sodium lamps. The street lamps are integrated nodes of a building management system (BMS). The results of experimental tests for the proposed functional strategies, implemented with various control scenarios, show that they provide a great potential in reducing energy consumption by street lighting installations. In particular, the energy use can be reduced even by 45 % in comparison to conventional street lighting system, especially without the use of monitoring and control.

This paper studies the manner of energy consumption in Libyan street lighting systems and general road section. It also suggests proposal system with two cases of operation for an attempt to apply the energy saving program by adopting an optimum method in order to decrease the demand of energy in this section and to reduce the use of uneconomic equipment.The proposal system in this paper introduces the Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting technology to be used instead of traditional luminaries High Pressure Sodium (HPS). Th proposed system is divided into two cases. Th fist case discusses the replacement of traditional luminaries (HPS) with energy saving luminaries (LED), while second case explains how integrating control node (dynamic dimmer) into LED in order to dim output lighting in streets will save more energy.This study reaches a result that a signifiant amount of energy of %47 (about 1092.23 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in street lighting sector could be saved if fist case is applied. Moreover, it suggests that more energy of %58 (about 1380.02 GWh/year) of total energy consumed in the same sector cloud be saved if the second case is adopted.

Conventional street lighting systems in most of the areas are Online at regular intervals of time irrespective of the seasonal variations. The street lights are simply switched on at afternoon and turned off in the morning. The consequence is that a large amount of Power is wasted meaninglessly. As energy consumption is an issue of increasing interest, possible energy savings in public street lighting systems are recently discussed from different viewpoints. The purpose of this work is to describe the Smart Street Lighting system, an approach to accomplish the demand for flexible public lighting systems using a Programmable Logic controller (PLC). The main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armoured for severe conditions such as dust, moisture, heat, cold etc., and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. In the proposed paper, street lights are controlled using millennium 3 PLC taking the seasonal variations into consideration.

The paper analyses the power-quality effects of connecting LED luminaires to street lighting installations. The power quality impact of LED luminaires and the implementation of smart control systems are discussed. Several power-quality measurements have been performed to determine the effect of connecting multiple LED luminaires to the electrical power network. Three LED street lighting systems were selected, each equipped only with LED luminaires of different power ratings and numbers, produced by different manufacturers. The measurements were performed at the lighting connection box, and the results are presented and discussed for each case.

Good street lighting planning is essential, especially in areas prone to accidents and crime. Good street lighting can reduce the risk of accidents and increase the sense of security in public areas, providing security, convenience, and comfort for road users, especially at night or in bad weather conditions. However, street lighting is often a significant source of energy consumption. Therefore, optimising the street lighting system to improve energy efficiency is necessary. The study results showed that the existing lighting system using 250 W high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps has weaknesses in terms of energy efficiency and light distribution quality. Simulations using Dialux showed that the average luminance of existing lighting only reached 0.6 cd/m² with a uniformity level of 0.4, and energy consumption reached 20,000 W along the road. Lighting optimization using 120 W LED lamps provides significant improvements in energy efficiency and lighting quality. The average luminance increased to 0.8 cd/m² with a uniformity of 0.6, while energy consumption decreased by 52%, from 20,000 W to 9,600 W. In addition, the glare level decreased from 30 to 25, indicating an increase in visual comfort. These results indicate that the implementation of LED lights can not only improve the quality of street lighting but also have a positive impact on energy efficiency and reduced operating costs.

Focusing on the design, architecture, and monitoring of Smart LED Street Lighting control, this paper investigates the use of a Cloud-Based Multi-agent System (CMAS) as a possible framework. The work centres upon previous developments by the authors in Close and Long Range Hybrid Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) motion detection sensors. It also introduces the advances in radar type sensors that can be used in intelligent street lighting system control applications. The proposed sensor solutions can detect the traffic user (car or human) and determine its movement direction and approximate speed, which can be used both for dynamic lighting control algorithms, traffic intensity prediction, and increased city street safety. Furthermore, the street lighting system infrastructure can also monitor city environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels, and many more, creating new services for smart cities.

A telephone survey was conducted to assess user subjective preferences for metal halide versus high-pressure sodium lighting used in the Neighborhood Streetlight Demonstration Project conducted by an electric utility company. A variety of univariate and multivariate parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were conducted. This analysis revealed that users rated metal halide higher on color and aesthetic dimensions, they rated metal halide and high-pressure sodium equal in terms of overall satisfaction, and they more frequently named metal halide as the preferred source for a street other than the one they live on. Residents living under metal halide lighting were seen to exhibit more of a loyalty for their source than did high-pressure sodium users. In agreement with previous studies, users' assessment of lighting quantity were uncorrelated with photometric measurements. We conclude that further studies are warranted because these suggested preferences and loyalties, if confirmed, would be important to consider in designing street lighting and in setting street-lighting policy.

Street lighting is an important part of the energy consumption of cities. With suitable smart lighting systems that increase energy efficiency, it is possible to save on lighting costs substantially. Intelligent street lighting systems generally consist of lamps, ballast and dimming devices located in the area to be illuminated, control units placed in different lighting zones, and central management systems that can manage and monitor these regional controls. With smart lighting systems suitable for energy efficiency, it is possible to save a great deal of lighting costs while protecting the environment. When current projects are examined, it is seen that up to 80% energy savings can be achieved when automation systems are used in street lighting. There is a need for an approach that controls the luminous flux without reducing the driver's safety and comfort, and that performs dimming studies using machine learning methods. In this paper, the smart street lighting system developed jointly by ISBAK and Panasonic is explained.

Street lighting systems are considered one of the most important pillars necessary for the infrastructure that must be provided in urban cities due to their positive impact on the lives of citizens. Street lighting provides comfort to citizens and makes them feel safe at night. Despite all these advantages, it brings a heavy burden on the energy consumption bill and has negative consequences for the environment. Modern technologies, such as wireless communications and the internet of things (IoT), have enabled the creation of smart street lighting systems that contribute to improving energy saving and preserving the environment compared to traditional systems. In this research, the performance and feasibility of a prototype smart street lighting system based on IoT and wireless communications were studied. This system was implemented and tested at a pilot site with the aim of enhancing energy performance and creating a smart infrastructure on the university campus. Street user data, captured by the passive infrared (PIR) sensor, is exchanged between lighting poles using the ESP-NOW protocol to create adaptive lighting. This ensures that the level of illumination by the LED luminaires around the user is greater than that behind them. The cloud server ThingSpeak was also utilized to collect and store the electrical variable data measured by this system. Additionally, images are captured and stored for street users. From the data obtained from the cloud server and energy measurements, the system has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing energy consumption.

This paper aims to improve the implementation standards of solar-energy-based street lighting in Indonesia. A model framework was developed to assess existing conditions regarding the level of lux, the distance between poles, pole height, and lamp power. According to the evaluation of the existing circumstances, the street lighting system is not satisfactory according to the national standard, with 64.7% black area. An alternative installation of street lighting designed by DIALux application was proposed to fulfill the technical standard of street lighting. The result shows that this alternative design can be used for renewing existing street lighting with better performance and reliability. Economic analysis of all technically feasible alternatives was conducted afterward by benefit–cost analysis. The analysis shows that solar-energy-based street lighting requires as much as 621,473,620.00 Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), with 1.06 benefit–cost ratios and a 9% reduction of total cost. Therefore, the analysis indicates that solar-energy-based technology can be feasibly implemented in a street lighting system. The results show that the proposed model can be applied to improve the implementation standard of solar-energy-based street lighting.