Lifetide biofeedback intervention in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot observation

BackgroundResearch has indicated that there may be a positive association between increased proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake and improved blood glucose levels. There has also been literature indicating there may be a link between intake of micronutrients such as iron, selenium, magnesium, vitamin E, and zinc and blood glucose levels. Using the validated Vioscreen food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the current study aims to outline the relationship between various micronutrients and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as a marker of insulin resistance in individuals with pre‐diabetes.ObjectiveTo outline the effect of dietary micronutrients on FBG in individuals with pre‐diabetes using the Vioscreen FFQ.MethodsAll participants completed the Vioscreen FFQ. Participants were required to be fasting for at least 8 hours before blood glucose test was performed. Fasting blood glucose was compared with dietary intake of iron, selenium, magnesium, vitamin E, zinc, MUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and saturated fatty acids (SFAs).ResultsA univariate regression analysis of FBG compared with intake of different micronutrients gathered via Vioscreen FFQ showed a number of correlations.There was a statically significant negative correlation between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and dietary intake of total cholesterol (r=−0.12, p=0.02), iron (r=−0.48, p=0.04), selenium (r=−0.56, p=0.01), magnesium (r=−0.5, p=0.02), zinc (r=−0.45, p=0.04), MUFAs (r=−0.61, p=0.01), saturated fatty acids (SFA) (r=−0.58, p=0.01), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (r=−0.41, p=0.04).A negative correlation was present between FBG and vitamin E, however the finding did not reach significance (r=−0.282, p=0.17).ConclusionsData gathered from the Vioscreen FFQ suggests that there are significant correlations present between certain micronutrients and FBG levels for individuals with pre‐diabetes. These results indicate that increasing the amount of dietary iron, selenium, magnesium, zinc, MUFAs, SFAs, and PUFAs may be a valid dietary intervention for the treatment and maintenance of pre‐diabetes. A noteworthy finding of this study was the negative relationship between PUFAs (r=−0.41, p=0.04), MUFAs (r=−0.61, p=0.01), and SFAs (r=−0.58, p=0.01). This finding supports the theory of a high fat, low carbohydrate diet as an intervention for the maintenance of blood glucose levels in those with insulin resistance. It is particularly interesting that increased proportions of dietary SFA were associated with lower FBG levels, considering current 2015 U.S. Dietary Guidelines suggest limiting saturated fat in the diet. It must be noted however, that the sample size used was fairly small with 10 participants. This limitation indicates more research must be done to clarify the specific relationship, and mechanism in which the micronutrients tested affect FBG levels.Support or Funding InformationViterbo University Summer Undergraduate Research FellowshipTexas Pecan Growers Association

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Controlling blood glucose is paramount in diabetes management, yet medication non-adherence often hinders optimal outcomes. This study investigated the impact of pharmacist counseling on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels and medication adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients within a rural primary healthcare setting. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was employed with 112 T2DM outpatients from Puskemas Simpang Mamplam, Bireuen City, Aceh, Indonesia, from March to April 2024. Medication adherence was assessed using the MARS-10 Questionnaire, and FBG levels were measured via finger prick. The majority of participants were female (79.5%), aged 41-60 (45.5%, mean age 55.70 ± 10.07 years), with secondary education (43.8%), predominantly sedentary/inactive workers (60.7%), and reported low-income (38.4%). Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed rank Test. Following counseling, which was provided every two weeks over the two-months period, the mean medication adherence score significantly increased (p < 0.001) from 3.150 ± 0.942 to 8.790 ± 1.297. FBG levels also significantly decreased (p<0.05), from an initial mean of 308.98 ± 72.995 to 220.42 ± 68.547 at two weeks, 162.36 ± 50.191 at four weeks, and 130.00 ± 27.774 at six weeks. These findings suggest that pharmacist counseling significantly improves both medication adherence (p < 0.001) and glycemic control (FBG decrease, p < 0,05) in T2DM patients.

Advances in exercise, physical activity, and diabetes mellitus.

Background: A high incidence of diabetes mellitus has been reported among patients diagnosed with lumbar degenerative spinal diseases. Although epidural steroid injections are known to increase the postprocedure blood glucose level, it has not been investigated whether a lower steroid dose can reduce blood glucose excursions and still be effective in controlling patients’ subjective pain. Objective: We compared the effects of 2 common doses of triamcinolone administered via epidural steroid injections on blood glucose levels and pain control in patients with diabetes mellitus to determine an adequate epidural steroid dose. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Methods: One hundred patients with diabetes mellitus were enrolled. They received lumbar transforaminal, lumbar interlaminar, or caudal epidural triamcinolone for radiculopathy, spinal stenosis, or failed back surgery syndrome. After the type of procedure was clinically determined, the doses of triamcinolone given were randomly chosen, either 40 mg (Group 40) or 20 mg (Group 20). The patients were asked to measure their finger stick blood glucose level twice daily (fasting and postprandial) for 3 days before the injection, on the day of the injection, for 7 days after the injection, and at 14 days after the injection. They also kept a blood glucose diary. Employment status and clinical outcome were evaluated at 8 weeks after the procedure. Results: There were significant increases in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level on postprocedure day (PPD) #1 to PPD #3 in Group 40, but on PPD #1 in Group 20. Moreover, there was a significant difference in FBG between groups on PPD #1 and PPD #2 (FBG on PPD #1: 179 [51]) mg/dL in Group 40 versus 146 [50] mg/dL in Group 20, P < 0.001]. Postprandial blood glucose (PBG) level was significantly elevated in both groups from PPD #0 to PPD #3. Notably, the increase in PBG was significantly greater in Group 40 than Group 20 on PPD #0 and #1 (PBG on PPD #0: 288 [57] mg/dL versus 242 [94] mg/dL in Groups 40 and 20, respectively, P = 0.004). The numeric rating scale for pain reported by the patients decreased for 2 weeks after treatment with no difference between groups. Employment status and clinical outcome was not different between groups. Limitations: The patients who chose to participate in this study may be a cohort of well-controlled patients with diabetes mellitus. The type of procedure performed was determined by a clinical decision and not randomized. The different routes of administration and diagnosis of failed back surgery syndrome can result in different levels of systemic absorption, thereby influencing the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. In patients with FBSS, the epidural space may be destructed by surgery and adhesive changes in epidural space could be extensive. Therefore, we thought that the absorption of epidural space in these patients would be incomplete or slow compared with those without FBSS. Conclusion: Epidural steroid injections were associated with statistically significant elevations in PBG in patients with diabetes for up to 4 days after the procedure. The higher dose of triamcinolone increased FBG and PBG greater than a lower dose did without affecting pain control, employment status, or clinical outcome. Thus, with respect to glucose and pain control, 20 mg of triamcinolone appears to be recommended rather than 40 mg in patients with diabetes. Clinical Trials registration : NCT01435707 Key words: Epidural steroid injection, low back pain, diabetes, blood glucose

The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) involves education, nutritional intervention, and physical exercise, in addition to pharmacological interventions, with the long-term goal of preventing complications through the control of blood glucose levels. Several studies have shown that acupuncture, both conventional acupuncture and electroacupuncture, is useful for lowering blood glucose levels in patients with DM. This study aimed to determine the additional effect of electroacupuncture at the MA-IC 3 Endocrine ear acupoint on fasting blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 DM who were receiving oral hypoglycemic agents at Banjar General Hospital. In this randomized controlled study, fifty-four study participants who were being treated with oral antidiabetics were allocated into two groups, receiving either electroacupuncture (EA) at the MA-IC 3 ear acupoint with dense disperse wave for 30 minutes or acupuncture at the same point and for the same duration but without EA (No EA). Fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention. In Group A (EA), the mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) level decreased from 157.26±24.485 to 142.59±26.771 (p < 0.05), whereas in Group B (No EA), the mean FBG decreased from 149.67±21.485 to 148.74±21.326 (p < 0.05). The difference in the amount of FBG decrease between Group A (EA) and Group B (No EA) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). EA at the MA-IC 3 Endocrine lowers FBG levels to a greater degree than acupuncture with no EA in patients with type 2 DM.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complicated public health problem in Turkey as well as worldwide. Genome-wide approaches have been guiding in very challenging situations, such as the elucidation of genetic variations underlying complex diseases such as T2D. Despite intensive studies worldwide, few studies have determined the genetic susceptibility to T2D in Turkish populations. In this study, we investigated the effect of genes that are strongly associated with T2D in genome-wide association (GWA) studies, including MTNR1B, CDKAL1, THADA, ADAMTS9 and ENPP1, on T2D and its characteristic traits in a Turkish population. In 824 nonobese individuals (454 T2D patients and 370 healthy individuals), prominent variants of these GWA genes were genotyped by real-time PCR using the LightSNiP Genotyping Assay System. The SNP rs1387153 C/T, which is located 28kb upstream of the MTNR1B gene, was significantly associated with T2D and fasting blood glucose levels (P < 0.05). The intronic SNP rs10830963 C/G in the MTNR1B gene was not associated with T2D, but it was associated with fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and LDL levels (P < 0.05). The other important GWA loci investigated in our study were not found to be associated with T2D or its traits. Only the SNP rs1044498 (A/C variation) in the ENPP1 gene was determined to be related to fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05). Our study suggests, consistent with the literature, that the MTNR1B locus, which has a prominent role in glucose regulation, is associated with T2D development by affecting blood glucose levels in our population.

Chronic restraint stress (CRS) induces insulin-resistant hyperglycemia by inducing injury to the brain neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). However, the CRS mice did not suffer from hypoglycemia. In this study, mice of both CRS and NTS mechanical injury models were induced to investigate whether impaired glucose metabolism has changed upon the extension of the survival time after modeling. Body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and glucose metabolism related to blood hormone levels were monitored for 12 weeks following the induction of injury. The mice were also administered with insulin intraperitoneally, and the blood glucose and glucagon levels were measured and compared to those in the control mice administered with saline. The results showed that the body weights of CRS-hyperglycemic mice were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the body weights of NTS mechanically injured mice were significantly lower than those in the control group. The food and water intake of both CRS-hyperglycemic and NTS mechanically injured mice were significantly more than those in the control groups. Although the levels of fasting blood glucose and resting serum hormone in the injured mice have returned to normal levels, the utilization of glucose and hypoglycemic counterregulation (the response that raises the blood glucose levels) was impaired in either CRS-hyperglycemic or NTS mechanically injured mice. The blood glucagon levels following insulin administration showed abnormal increase. These findings suggest that the CRS-induced NTS injury resulted not only in early insulin-resistant hyperglycemia but also impaired the ability to raise blood glucose and glucagon levels when blood glucose levels plummet in the later stage.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods From November 2008 to August 2009, 40 patients with gastric diseases and nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus were admitted to the Changhai Hospital, and their clinical data were prospectively studied. All patients were randomly divided into 4 groups; 10 patients received Billroth I distal gastrectomy +gastroduodenal anastomosis (BⅠ group) , 10 received proximal gastrectomy + remanant gastric esophageal anastomosis ( PG group), 10 received total gastrectomy + esophagoduodenal Y-anastomosis ( RY group) and 10received subtotal gastrectomy Billroth Ⅱ gastro-jejunostomy (BⅡ group). The length of hospital stay, pre- and postoperative body mass indexes (BMIs) , waist circumferences, levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) , glycated hemoglobin ( GHbA1) , fasting serum insulin (FSI) and fasting C-peptide (FCP) of patients in the 4 groups were compared. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance, LSD-t test, paired t test or chi-square test. Results The clinical effects of the 4 different operative procedures on the gastric diseases were similar. The levels of FBG were (8.0 ±2.9)mmol/L before operation and (5.9 ±0.7)mmol/L after operation in the RY group, with a significant difference (t = 2. 342, P < 0. 05). The preoperative level of GHbA1 in the RY group was 7.7% ± 1.1%, which was significantly higher than 6. 9% ± 0. 6% at 2 months after the operation and 6. 1 % ± 0. 4% at 6 months after the operation (t = 4. 920, 3.012, P < 0.05). The preoperative level of FCP in the RY group was (1.30 ±0.54) μg/L, which was significantly lower than (1.95 ± 0.86) μg/L at 2 months after the operation and (2.18 ± 0.63)μg/L at 6 months after the operation (t =6. 063, 4. 651, P < 0.05). The levels of FSI in the RY group at postoperative month 1, 2 and 6 were (18 ±5) , (19 ±3) , (21 ±3) mU/L, which were significantly higher than the level of FSI [(11 ±4) mU/L]before operation (t =3. 158, 4. 502, 7. 517, P <0. 05). Preoperative levels of FBG, GHbA1, FSI and FCP in the B Ⅱ group were (8. 3 ± 1. 3) mmol/L, 7. 7% ±0. 9% , (13±4)mU/L and (1.34±0.48) μg/L, which were ignificantly different from (6.7 ± 1.2)mmol/L, 6.8%± 0.8%, (18±4)mU/L and ( 1.68 ±0.46) μg/L at postoperative month 1, (6.4 ± 1.3)mmol/L, 6.3% ±0.6% ,(18±4)mU/L and (1. 96 ± 0. 67) μg/L at postoperative month 2, and (5. 6 ±0. 7) mmol/L, 6.0%±0.3%, (19 ± 4) mU/L and (2.27 ± 0. 59) |μg/L at postoperative month 6 (t = 2. 468, 2. 598, 6. 028; 3. 055, 4. 586,4.572; 3.618, 5.860, 8.577; 2.300, 3.511, 3.943, P<0.05). The levels of FBG,GHbA1 and FCP in the 4 groups at 2 months after surgery were significantly different from those at 6 months after surgery (F = 4. 699,14. 378; 7.411, 29. 192; 3. 335, 9. 334, P < 0.05). The levels of FSI in the 4 groups at different time points were significantly different (F =2. 896, 7. 012, 11. 998, P < 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus is satisfactory. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Gastric bypass surgery; Clinical controlled trials; Nonobese type

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a costly, lifestyle-related disorder, its management is very critical and challenging hence lifestyle intervention may a cornerstone in the reversal and management of T2DM. This study designed to assess the impact of lifestyle intervention holistic (LIH) Model on blood glucose levels (BGL), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and medical treatment cost in T2DM patients. This prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted among 224 T2DM patients in Delhi Diabetes Research Center (DDRC), New Delhi. The study participants were allocated into two groups-Lifestyle Intervention Counseling (LIC) group received lifestyle-based counseling through the LIH model while the Usual-care group received only standard treatment. Study outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month and data were analyzed through SPSS. Study results revealed that LIC participants had decreased in fasting blood glucose 0.26 mg dL-1 (-4.37 to 4.89), blood glucose postprandial -70.16 mg dL-1 (-85.15 to - 55.16), HbA1C -2.82% (-5.26 to - 0.37), medicine cost (p &lt; 0.004), hospitalization cost (p &lt; 0.011), and cost of surgery (p &lt; 0.0005). A significant improvement also observed in HRQOL and adherence towards a holistic model in LIC group. The study concludes that lifestyle-based counseling and its adherence was cost-effective and significantly improves BGL, HRQoL, and medical treatment in T2DM patients.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) known as Mathumegam is a significant health concern in the twenty-first century. Despite great advances in contemporary science, there is a lack of moderately safe and effective drugs for treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a poly herbal traditional decoction containing 10 herbs such as Senna auriculata (root &amp; bark), Cissampelos pareira (root), Ficus racemosa (bark), Terminalia arjuna (bark), Acacia arabica (bark), Syzygium cumini (bark), Curcuma longa (rhizome), Terminalia chebula (fruit pulp), Phyllanthus emblica (dry fruit), and Terminalia bellirica (fruit pulp) in the management of T2DM. Materials and Methods: It was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 100 T2DM patients who were not well managed by diet or exercise. For a period of 12 weeks, 50 patients in group A were administered 5g of the test medication mixed with 100ml (one tumbler) of hot water for 10 to 15 min, as well as standard Western therapy. Group B patients (n=50) received a placebo in addition to normal Western therapy. The main focus of the study was to achieve a 3-month decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from the starting point, with additional objectives including lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and observing changes in diabetic symptoms. Results: At the end of the trial, mean fasting blood glucose levels decreased to 119.04 ± 11.52 and 176.90 ± 13.91 mg/dL in the test and control groups, respectively. Group A showed a more significant decrease in mean fasting blood glucose levels compared to group B. This indicates that the daily use of poly herbal traditional decoction along with standard allopathic medical therapy for 3 months led to notable reductions in FBG levels. Similarly, group A showed greater improvement in the measured signs and symptoms of diabetes, such as polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weariness, and burning sensation in the hands and feet compared to group B throughout the trial. At baseline, the mean HbA1c (%) in group A and group B was 7.47 ± 0.70 and 7.39 ± 0.66, respectively. After 12 weeks of investigation, the levels of glycated hemoglobin were lowered to 5.03 ± 0.53 and 6.79 ± 0.51 respectively. There were no adverse events reported during the trial period. Conclusion: This study found that the experimental medication was beneficial in T2DM, radically lowering FBG and HbA1c levels in diabetic individuals after 12 weeks of treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between liver enzymes [alanine transaminase(ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT), aspartate amino transferase(AST)] and the incidence of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods A group of middle-aged and elderly residents who participated in the REACTION study in 2011 from Guiyang community were enrolled in our study. Of which, a total of 4 228 participants with normal blood glucose detected by oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and serum ALT levels were investigated as baseline population. The baseline survey included questionnaire survey and physical examination(height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, etc.), and the serum ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2h plasma glucose(2hPG)in OGTT, and fasting insulin(FINS)were tested. After 3 years of follow-up, all subjects received quartile grouping according to the basal liver enzyme levels, and the incidence of IGT was respectively calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of basal liver enzyme levels between IGT and normal blood glucose groups. The risk of IGT based on quartile grouping was assessed by multivariate regression analysis, and the odds ratios(ORs)were estimated by the logistic regression model. Results After eliminating the 35 died patients, 3 188 participants were followed over 3 years. Among them, 2 400 subjects revealed normal blood glucose level, 61 developed into type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), 91 developed into IFG, and 636 developed into IGT. The incidence of IGT increased along with the elevation of serum ALT level(P<0.01). After adjusting the risk factors including body mass index, regular smoking, regular drinking, regular exercise, family history of diabetes, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistant index(HOMA-IR), post-load 2h blood glucose, and GGT, the results manifested that patients in high basal ALT level group had 1.462-fold chance of susceptibility in developing IGT compared with that in the low level group, with 95%CI of 1.129 to 1.891. The analysis based on gender showed that the incidence of IGT was associated with basal ALT level in the female group. The OR value was estimated to be 1.481(95%CI 1.107-1.981)in high basal ALT level group as compared with the low level group. Basal serum GGT and AST levels were not associated with the incidence of IGT. Conclusion Even an elevated level of ALT within normal reference range also tends to be a risk factor for IGT in middle-aged and elderly women. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 34: 16-23) Key words: Alanine transaminase; Gamma-glutamyltransferase; Aspartate aminotransferase; Impaired glucose tolerance; Cohort study

Introduction and Objective: To explore the relationship between the variability of metabolic parameters and the development of proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: 1453 T2DM patients (median follow-up: 26 months) with at least 3 measurements of metabolic parameters and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) were analyzed from a cohort of 3297. Variability was assessed using standard deviation of serial measurements. Proteinuria progression was defined as UACR increase from normal (&amp;lt;30 mg/g) to microalbuminuria (30-299 mg/g) or macroalbuminuria (≥300 mg/g), or from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. Results: T2DM patients with proteinuria progress exhibited significantly higher baseline age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference, prevalence of hypertension and stroke, UACR, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and proportion of GLP-1 receptor agonist use, as well as longer diabetes duration, compared to those without proteinuria progress. Conversely, they showed lower smoking and alcohol consumption rates, family history of diabetes, 1-hour postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels. T2DM patients with proteinuria progress demonstrated significantly greater variability in BMI, SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), uric acid, creatinine, and fasting blood glucose levels during follow-up. Furthermore, we found that high variability in creatinine levels was an independent risk factor for progressive proteinuria in T2DM patients during follow-up, even after adjusting for mean BMI, SBP, DBP, triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), and HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Creatinine level fluctuations independently predict proteinuria development and progression in T2DM. Close monitoring of creatinine variability and its stabilization are crucial for mitigating proteinuria risk. Disclosure Y. Ma: None. L. Gu: None. G. Liang: None. R. Wang: None. Y. Wang: None.

Objective To explore the clinical value of 3.0T magnetic resonance IDEAL-IQ technique in the quantitative evaluation of pancreatic fat deposition and iron deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . Methods 3.0T MR examination (including IDEAL-IQ sequence) was performed on 32 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (T2DM group) and 15 healthy volunteers (control group). The fat content (FF) and iron content (R2* value) of the pancreas of each subject were measured by the IDEAL-IQ sequence. At the same time, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were measured in both groups; and the steady-state model insulin secretion index (HOMA-β) and steady-state model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The differences in pancreatic fat fraction (FF), R2* value, FBG, FINS, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR between the T2DM group and the control group were compared. The correlations between FF and R2* values of pancreas in the T2DM group with HOMA-β and HOMA-IR were analyzed; and the correlation between pancreatic FF and R2* values in the T2DM group was analyzed. Results There were statistical differences in FBG, FNIS, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR between the T2DM group and the control group (all P<0.05). The FBG, FNIS, and HOMA-IR were higher and the HOMA-β was lower in the T2DM group than in the control group. The pancreatic fat content (FF) and R2* values in the T2DM group were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.469, P=0.008; r=0.423, P=0.003), and negatively correlated with HOMA-β (r =-0.595, P=0.001; r =-0.478, P=0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between pancreatic fat content (FF value) and iron content (R2* value) in the T2DM group (r=0.508, P=0.001). Conclusion 3.0T MR IDEAI-IQ technology can quantitatively analyze the fat and iron deposition in pancreas of patients with T2DM, which has certain guiding value for the assessment of the conditions of T2DM and the choices of treatment plan. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; IDEAL-IQ; Pancreatic fat content; Pancreatic iron content

Objective &#13;\nThe study is to explore the relationship between antipsychotics and blood glucose level or lipid level of patients with mental illness in psychiatric outpatient clinic of Queen Mary Hospital.&#13;\nParticipants and Methods &#13;\nCase reviews through Clinical Management System were carried out. Total 108 psychotic cases involved in the study. 24 were excluded as the patients did not have any treatment of antipsychotics. 84 patients were qualified for review. 40 females and 68 males involved. Their ages are between 13 and 68. &#13;\nPatients’ demographics information, blood glucose level or lipid level were retrieved. Some important findings are also noted. Data collection carried in May 2014.&#13;\nResults &#13;\nThere are no significant changes in fasting blood glucose or lipid level for either typical or atypical antipsychotics. We found that the frequency of checking blood glucose or lipid level was too low and not regular. &#13;\nRisperidone and Olanzapine are the most commonly used in this psychiatric outpatient clinic. Moreover, 9 cases change from psychosis to Paranoid type schizophrenia. The most frequent diagnosis in the clinic is Paranoid type schizophrenia. 36 cases, one third of the samples, are diagnosed as Paranoid type schizophrenia.&#13;\nConclusions &#13;\nAlthough we cannot conclude the effect of antipsychotics on blood glucose level or lipid level of patients with mental illness, there is an increasing concern about antipsychotics leading to metabolic problems through the case reviews. We suggest that routine physical health screening, guidelines setting up, predictors should be carried out in the clinic.