Link Prefetching in Mozilla: A Server-Driven Approach

Firms are increasingly moving away from proprietary technology to building commercial products on top of open source software. However, it is unclear how such commercialization of open source affects contributions from the community, as well as product quality and firm performance. Web browser technology provides a unique setting to study such questions. The largest open source project is Chromium, led by Google, which serves as the core of various web browsers. Unexpectedly, Microsoft announced a drastic change in strategy in 2018 and adopted Chromium in a complete redesign of the web browser Edge. Unique data lets us compare Chromium to other open source technologies, and Chromium-based web browsers to other web browsers. We find that overall development activity increases after Microsoft adopts Chromium, predominantly because Microsoft starts to contribute to the project. We also see a modest increase in contributions from external developers. We further document an increase in scrutiny, evident from an increase in the number of individuals performing code reviews and a surge in security vulnerability reporting. We also find positive effects for Microsoft. Edge makes a giant leap in functionality, moving it on par with the market leader Chrome. With the adoption of Chromium, Microsoft fixes more bugs, accelerates release cycles, and increases the market share of Edge at the expense of other less popular Chromium browsers. We discuss a number of general implications for managers and policy. This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems. Funding: This work was supported by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Grant 100013_197807]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02886 .

Development of web browser prototype with embedded classification capability for mitigating Cross-Site Scripting attacks

Transport layer security is an important security protocol, which is used to protect end-to-end communication. However, limitation occurs when it is applied to content delivery networks, in which the proxy server rather than the origin server provides service to the client. Under such circumstances, the proxy server serves as a third party and the client is not able to authenticate. This paper discusses the authentication problem for the proxy server. Afterwards, a delegation token-based method is proposed to authenticate the proxy server, with multi-level proxy servers being taken into consideration. Furthermore, a client-based cache strategy is employed to improve the proposed method in terms of time consumption. Then the security of the method is also analysed. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Moreover, with client-based cache strategy, the authentication process can be accomplished much more efficiently, with a 15.63% decrease in terms of connection time.

There are innumerable objects found on the Web. Both the popular objects that are requested frequently by the users and unpopular objects that are rarely requested exist. Hot spots are produced whenever huge numbers of objects are requested by the users. Often this situation produces excessive load on the cache server and original server, resulting in the system becoming a swamped state. Many problems arise, such as server refusals or slow operations. In this paper, a neural network prediction algorithm is suggested in order to solve the problems caused by the hot spot. The hot spot would be requested in the near future is prefetched to the proxy servers after the prediction of the hot spot; then the fast response for the users' requests and a higher efficiency for the proxy server can be achieved. The hot spots are obtained by analyzing the access logs file. A simulator is developed to validate the performance of the suggested algorithm, through which the hit rate improvement and the request among the shared proxy servers are load-balanced.

MotivationMolecular docking is a computational technique for predicting how a small molecule might bind a macromolecular target. Among docking programs, AutoDock Vina is particularly popular. Like many docking programs, Vina requires users to download/install an executable file and to run that file from a command-line interface. Choosing proper configuration parameters and analyzing Vina output is also sometimes challenging. These issues are particularly problematic for students and novice researchers.ResultsWe created Webina, a new version of Vina, to address these challenges. Webina runs Vina entirely in a web browser, so users need only visit a Webina-enabled webpage. The docking calculations take place on the user’s own computer rather than a remote server.Availability and implementationA working version of the open-source Webina app can be accessed free of charge from http://durrantlab.com/webina.Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

In this chapter, the authors review software that enables the proper management of EHR. The different types of software share the feature of being open source and offer the best opportunity in health care to developing countries—an overall integrated approach. The authors analyze the main free software programs (technical features, programming languages, places for introduction, etc.). Then they focus on the description and the comparison of the three most important open source software programs EHR (OpenMRS, OpenVistA, and OpenEMR) that are installed on two operating systems (Linux Ubuntu and Windows). Finally, the authors show the results of the various parameters measured in these systems after using different Web browsers. The results show us how the three main EHR applications work depending on which operating system is installed and which web browser is used.

Event Abstract Back to Event Mindboggle 2 interface: online visualization of extracted brain features with XTK Arno Klein1*, Nolan Nichols2 and Daniel Haehn3 1 Columbia University, United States 2 Washington University, United States 3 Children's Hospital Boston, United States The Mindboggle project ( http://www.mindboggle.info ) automates anatomical brain labeling, feature extraction and identification, and shape analysis of brain regions and features. This generates a lot of data, which presents a challenge for visualization and comparison across brains. In the past, it would have been untenable to present rich, three-dimensional data interactively and online within a web browser, but recent developments in WebGL libraries have made it possible. XTK (http://www.goxtk.org) is the first WebGL library geared towards 3D medical imaging data. We demonstrate a web interface to the Mindboggle data, database, and software with interactive visualizations of manually and automatically labeled brain regions and hierarchical features using XTK. We also demonstrate depth, curvature, and other map visualizations that provide an intuitive means of displaying the distribution of shape indices on our features and labeled regions that would otherwise be lost in an aggregate measure in a table. This display can provide insight into local contributions to, for example, morphometric measures ("the superior posterior portion of the angular gyrus has greater Gaussian curvature in group 2..."). The data consist of surface mesh patches and curves in visualization toolkit format ( http://www.vtk.org ), and are read from the Mindboggle database as JSON-encapsulated XTK objects. These objects are "WebGL-ready," meaning that they can be immediately visualized without further processing or file parsing. We intend for the Mindboggle interface to provide an example of the benefits of using a web browser as a platform for visualizing data (ease of development, maintenance, and deployment), and of interactivity conferred by XTK (greater freedom to explore and present data). Moreover, both the Mindboggle and XTK projects are available as freely available open source software with sample data and are driven by an active research and development community. Keywords: General neuroinformatics, Software Development, open source, platform for visualizing data, brain labeling Conference: 5th INCF Congress of Neuroinformatics, Munich, Germany, 10 Sep - 12 Sep, 2012. Presentation Type: Demo Topic: Neuroinformatics Citation: Klein A, Nichols N and Haehn D (2014). Mindboggle 2 interface: online visualization of extracted brain features with XTK. Front. Neuroinform. Conference Abstract: 5th INCF Congress of Neuroinformatics. doi: 10.3389/conf.fninf.2014.08.00086 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 21 Mar 2013; Published Online: 27 Feb 2014. * Correspondence: Dr. Arno Klein, Columbia University, New York, United States, binarybottle@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Arno Klein Nolan Nichols Daniel Haehn Google Arno Klein Nolan Nichols Daniel Haehn Google Scholar Arno Klein Nolan Nichols Daniel Haehn PubMed Arno Klein Nolan Nichols Daniel Haehn Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

LiDAR is an active remote sensing technique with a unique capability to capture three-dimensional information of the earth’s surface even in heavily vegetated areas, and it is proven to be useful in many research applications. Although it is becoming the remote sensing platform of choice for planning and natural resource agencies that require three-dimensional information, the enormous data that are generated and the lack of available software analysis packages make LiDAR still unavailable to a typical user of spatial data. LiDARHub is a free and open source platform for web-based management, visualization and analysis of LiDAR data that enables development of online tools for LiDAR data processing in a web browser. The framework provides a foundation to develop online tools for LiDAR data processing and tools can be shared. The framework is also flexible so that the developed tools can be easily ported to High Performance Computing (HPC) environments that speed up the computationally extensive LiDAR data processing. Two example LiDARHub tools are presented as case studies to demonstrate potential software development scenarios. The developed tools provide easy to use user interface and hide complex computation so that users can take advantage of the LiDAR technology with only a web browser. The LiDARHub allows not only the sharing of large volume of LiDAR data but also developing online LiDAR processing platform for a large audience.

This paper describes the design & development of small Linux operating system for browser based digital set top box. A set-top box is a device that enables a television set to receive and decode digital television (DTV) broadcasts and also enables a television set to become a user interface to access the Internet. A Small Linux root file system having all necessary basic files which are needed for booting the system in graphical user interface is customized in such a way that it supports direct to home (DTH) digital TV and a small size open source Web Browser. These customizations and developments are very specific to Digital TV services like watching free to air TV channels, recording of programs, broadcast a TV channel over local area network as a server and request for video on demand (VOD) as a client, more over it will support Internet Web Browser, USB, LAN connectivity and IR sensor for remote control. The current dynamics in this work will bring in the major changes in the user experience of watching digital television and surfing Internet on television.

Web caching enables the reuse of HTTP responses with the aim to reduce the number of requests that reach the origin server, the volume of network traffic resulting from resource requests, and the user-perceived latency of resource access. For these reasons, a cache is a key component in modern distributed systems as it enables applications to scale at large. In addition to optimizing performance metrics, caches promote additional protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. In this paper we introduce and analyze a new class of web cache poisoning attacks. By provoking an error on the origin server that is not detected by the intermediate caching system, the cache gets poisoned with the server-generated error page and instrumented to serve this useless content instead of the intended one, rendering the victim service unavailable. In an extensive study of fifteen web caching solutions we analyzed the negative impact of the CachePoisoned DoS (CPDoS) attack-as we coined it. We show the practical relevance by identifying one proxy cache product and five CDN services that are vulnerable to CPDoS. Amongst them are prominent solutions that in turn cache high-value websites. The consequences are severe as one simple request is sufficient to paralyze a victim website within a large geographical region. The awareness of the newly introduced CPDoS attack is highly valuable for researchers for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of causes and countermeasures as well as practitioners for implementing robust and secure distributed systems.

Recently, dynamic content, whose construction is changed dynamically according to an user's request, has been wide-spreading. Since many kinds of dynamic content are served from the origin servers, it is more difficult in general to improve a responsiveness of dynamic content than static one that can be cached at a location close to users. This paper proposes to cache such dynamic content to improve its responsiveness, and describes the design and implementation of our proposed innetwork cache system which can pre-fetch and cache dynamic content near users.

<p class="VARAbstract">With the democratization of computers, tablets and smartphones, the data acquisition and exploration on archaeological sites are changing significantly. The digitization of information allows a faster, more efficient and more standardized data recording that facilitates the synthesis work required by the discipline. Numerous database programmes are being developed in archaeology and physical anthropology, notably with targeted tools developed to meet specific needs. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no efficient, free and open-source program for the recording of human bones in an archaeological context exists yet. In this paper, a mobile application for the intuitive recording of human bones from archaeological sites is described; this app, defined for the field and biological anthropologists, allows making an inventory of the burials from site to the laboratory from archaeological digs in an intuitive style. In addition to the recording of the skeleton, the application permits the recording of the discovery context. The application also gives significant freedom to the user, who can easily create research fields to their own research objectives. Finally, it permits exporting the information, either as text (automatic report) and/or as tables for statistical use. It is a modular, ergonomic and portable tool which meets researchers' requirements without needing an internet connection; it stores the recorded information in several formats (CSV, SVG, HTML and/or JSON), in a sustainable computer language, permitting complementary modules development. The system is implemented in the form of a free and open-source web application, programmed in JavaScript (available from http://www.humanos.cnrs.fr/) and supplied in the form of a simple ZIP file to decompress. The application does not require any special installation, as it opens by clicking on the executable "<em>HumanOS.html</em>" with any web browser, even without an Internet connection.</p><p>Highlights:</p><ul><li><p>We have developed a mobile application which allows "field anthropologists" to record burials inventories from archaeological excavations on site and in the laboratory, in an intuitive way.</p></li><li><p>In addition to recording the skeleton, the application makes it possible to note the context of the discovery and to create fields of investigation according to its own research objectives.</p></li><li><p>It allows data export in the form of text (automatic report) and/or tables for statistical uses.</p></li></ul>

With the rapid spread of information and ubiquitous access of browsers, flash crowds, a sudden, unanticipated surge in the volume of request rates, have become the bane of many Internet websites. This paper models and presents FCAN, an adaptive network that dynamically optimizes the system structure between peer-to-peer (P2P) and client-server (C/S) configurations to alleviate flash crowds effect. FCAN constructs P2P overlay on cache proxy server layer to distribute the flash traffic from origin server. It uses policy-configured DNS redirection to route the client requests in balance, and adopts strategy load detection to monitor and react the load changes. Our preliminary simulation results showed that the system is overall well behaved, which validates the correctness of our design.

As the Internet has become a more central aspect for information technology, so have concerns with supplying enough bandwidth and serving web requests to end users in an appropriate time frame. Web caching was introduced in the 1990s to help decrease network traffic, lessen user perceived lag, and reduce loads on origin servers by storing copies of web objects on servers closer to end users as opposed to forwarding all requests to the origin servers. Since web caches have limited space, web caches must effectively decide which objects are worth caching or replacing for other objects. This problem is known as cache replacement. We used neural networks to solve this problem and proposed the Neural Network Proxy Cache Replacement (NNPCR) method. The goal of this research is to implement NNPCR in a real environment like Squid proxy server. In order to do so, we propose an improved strategy of NNPCR referred to as NNPCR-2. We show how the improved model can be trained with up to twelve times more data and gain a 5–10% increase in Correct Classification Ratio (CCR) than NNPCR. We implemented NNPCR-2 in Squid proxy server and compared it with four other cache replacement strategies. In this paper, we use 84 times more data than NNPCR was tested against and present exhaustive test results for NNPCR-2 with different trace files and neural network structures. Our results demonstrate that NNPCR-2 made important, balanced decisions in relation to the hit rate and byte hit rate; the two performance metrics most commonly used to measure the performance of web proxy caches.

Existing standard protocols for the web and Internet telephony fail to deliver real-time interactive communication from within a web browser. In particular, the client-server web protocol over reliable TCP is not always suitable for end-to-end low latency media path needed for interactive voice and video communication. To solve this, we compare the available platform options using the existing technologies such as modifying the web programming language and protocol, using an existing web browser plugin, and a separate host resident application that the web browser can talk to. We argue that using a separate application as an adaptor is a promising short term as well as long-term strategy for voice and video communications on the web.