LINKED OPEN DATA AND UKRAINIAN NUMISMATICS

Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique using synchrotron radiation has been employed for elemental analysis of one pound and five rupees coins of two different countries- the UK and India. Total number of 12 coins - 4 one pound and 8 five rupees coin were analysed. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. A Peltier cooled Vortex solid state detector (SII Nano Technology, USA) having energy resolution of 138 eV at 5.96 keV X-rays was employed for the present analysis. The investigations were carried out to determine the similarities between the elemental composition and structure of coins. The major elements Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr and traces of two elements Mn and Mo were found during analysis. One of the elements i.e. Cu was found as primary major element in most of the coins. Two other elements Fe and Cr are also found as major element in 2 five rupees coins. Fe was generally considered as cheap metal composition in comparison to Cu. Besides these traces of Mo, S, Ca and Si were also observed whose compositional amount found very low (below 1%). The present study confirms the favorable economic conditions of two countries during their minting time. The XRF spectra and graphical representation of elemental concentration also helps to identify the similarities in structure and composition of coins. Results of present analysis of different types of coins are found in good agreement with standard composition and also with each other. The EDXRF analysis shows its effectiveness in forensic science without alteration of precious samples. Forensic analysis of such coins using Synchrotron radiation is very helpful in archeological study.

From the Editor

Since the Internet of Things (IoT) will be entwined with everything we use in our daily life, the consequence of security flaws escalates. Smart objects will govern most of the home appliances and car engines yielding potential disaster scenarios. In this context, successful attacks could lead to chaos and scary scenarios (www.darkreading.com). Unprotected personal information may expose sensitive and embarrassing data to the public and attacks may threaten not only our computers and smart devices, but our intimacy and perhaps our lives too. Because persons and objects will be bonded with each other, user consent becomes critical. Therefore, thing, object, and user Identity will be the focus of future IoT security solutions, yielding a Trust, Security, and Privacy (TSP) paradigm, which may constitute the Achilles' heel of IoT. While security issues are quite straightforward, mainly from background knowledge, privacy issues are far more complex. Privacy constitutes a rather challenging task, even for the m...

Panasyuk V.M., Bobrivets V.V. ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF LOGISTICS PROCESSES IN GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify and systematize the economic determinants of the digitization of logistics processes in global supply chains and to substantiate their impact on investment decisions and the effectiveness of logistics activities. Methodology of research. Structural and logical analysis was applied to build the research framework and develop a conceptual model. Analytical and comparative analysis, deduction, and synthesis were used to generalize approaches to logistics digitalization and systematize digital tools (SCM/ERP integration, WMS, TMS, IoT, tracking and tracing, e-document workflow, data analytics). Classification and structuring methods were employed to identify groups of economic determinants and propose assessment indicators. Tabular and visualization methods were used to present the findings in summary tables and a conceptual scheme. Findings. The study substantiates that logistics digitalization in global supply chains is an economically driven transformation, and its performance depends on the cost structure of logistics, transaction costs, investment capacity, scale of operations, competitive pressure, institutional and regulatory conditions, and the level of digital infrastructure. The economic effect is primarily achieved through reductions in operational and transaction costs, shorter logistics cycle time, increased transparency and controllability of flows, lower losses from disruptions, and improved service. Sustainable positive outcomes are more likely under comprehensive implementation with data integration, process standardization, and analytics-supported decision-making, whereas fragmented initiatives often fail to deliver the expected payback. Originality. The study further develops the approach that conceptualizes logistics digitalization as a systemic managerial decision determined by a set of economic factors, and proposes a conceptual model linking economic determinants, the choice of digital tools, mechanisms of economic impact, and performance outcomes in global supply chains. Practical value. The proposed systematization of determinants and indicators can support firms in substantiating investments in digital logistics solutions, setting transformation priorities, and assessing economic feasibility. The findings may also inform public policy aimed at developing digital infrastructure, standardizing data exchange, and promoting paperless procedures to strengthen supply chain competitiveness and resilience. Key words: logistics, logistics process, economic determinants, efficiency, economic development, development, digital transformation, digitalization, digital economy.

This classic description by Goldschmidt of biogeochemical cycling of elements in a forest ecosystem is an example of the Holistic geochemical approach to the study of the circulation of elements in landscapes. More recently Kozlovskiy (1972) provided a series of conceptual models and principles, from the viewpoint of theoretical landscape geochemistry, that together summarize neatly the principal flow patterns of elements in landscapes. His paper provides a broad conceptual basis for the discussion of the cycling of elements in landscapes together with the inflow and outflow of elements to and from landscapes in groundwaters and the atmosphere.KeywordsFlow PatternElementary LandscapeGeochemical ParameterOrganic DebrisBrook WatershedThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Digital scholarly editions are one of the oldest forms of output of digital humanities research projects, and arguably one of the most prolific. Like all digital humanities projects that result in the creation of digital output—typically a website—digital editions are not immune to what Smithies et al. call the 'digital entropy of software and digital infrastructure'. This has a cost that grows with the complexity of the system needed to publish digital editions and this cost is often not only financial; it may also include the ability to access institutional or public infrastructure. The principles of minimal computing have informed new ways of undertaking digital humanities work, focused on use of open technologies and ownership of data and code. The latter in particular entails independence from institutional infrastructure and the network of surveillance that is a feature of many commercial platforms of the modern web. This chapter discusses the current extent of minimal computing as an influence on digital editing, and which aspects of the concept have taken stronger root. Specifically, we will consider how, when applied to digital publishing, minimal computing principles intersect with a recent resurgence of static websites and related technologies. Deriving static sites from an end-of-life project is the clear choice when access to infrastructure becomes limited. What would it take to adopt them from the start to avoid infrastructural constraints? Through this discussion, the chapter articulates the need for a low-infrastructure future of the "global” digital edition.

Digital transformation of the preservation and restoration of Ukraine's cultural heritage plays a key role in the national and patriotic education of the people and in ensuring the country's territorial integrity. As a result of the war in Ukraine, a significant number of cultural sites were damaged and destroyed. Therefore, there is a need for their digital registration and further restoration through the use of digital technologies. The article aims to study the principles of digital transformation and possible improvement of the quality of the cultural level in Ukraine and to define the Ukrainian idea through the dissemination of culture, in particular, through educational activities. Given the current trends in the penetration of digital technologies into all spheres of life, their use in the cultural sphere can help boost morale and serve as a tool to combat Russia's expansive cultural rhetoric. The article focuses on the peculiarities of digital transformation, the main means of its implementation, and possible further development. The results of the study indicate the need to use digital technologies as a tool for reconstruction and a means of information protection of the most important cultural sites. The article draws attention to the public administration policy and the problems of financing cultural monuments and objects as the main means for possible further digital transformation. The findings of the study may be useful for further analytical research on the use and implementation of digital transformation of cultural heritage in Ukraine.

Microbes decomposing leaf litter in aquatic ecosystems are exposed to two major sources of carbon (C), namely, particulate organic C (POC) and dissolved organic C (DOC). The use of DOC relative to POC during litter decomposition likely depends on the availability of DOC, which in turn is regulated by the characteristics of the surrounding landscape, although this extrinsic indirect control of DOC use remains largely unexplored. We have investigated how variations in stream physical and chemical characteristics, distribution of major landscape elements (i.e., forest, mires, and lakes), and riparian vegetation community composition (i.e., relative cover of deciduous vs. coniferous tree species) influence DOC use by leaf-associated microbes (LAM). Specifically, in a boreal stream network of ten first- to third-order streams, we related in-stream characteristics, landscape elements, and riparian vegetation community composition to DOC/POC respiration ratios (i.e., the amount of CO2 produced by LAM respiration of DOC + POC divided by the amount of leaf C mass lost through decomposition). The results showed that DOC/POC respiration ratios were > 1 in most of the study sites, indicating that LAM use a substantial amount of DOC during leaf litter decomposition. This microbial reliance on DOC varied with in-stream DOC and nutrient concentrations, proportional mire and forest cover, and riparian vegetation community composition. In particular, high mire and coniferous cover increased DOC use by LAM. As such, landscape configuration and how it is modified by land use and climate change must be considered in order to understand microbial turnover of terrestrial C in boreal streams.

PurposeThis study addresses the need for a theory-guided, rich, descriptive account of research data repositories' (RDRs) understanding of data quality and the structures of their data quality assurance (DQA) activities. Its findings can help develop operational DQA models and best practice guides and identify opportunities for innovation in the DQA activities.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzed 122 data repositories' applications for the Core Trustworthy Data Repositories, interview transcripts of 32 curators and repository managers and data curation-related webpages of their repository websites. The combined dataset represented 146 unique RDRs. The study was guided by a theoretical framework comprising activity theory and an information quality evaluation framework.FindingsThe study provided a theory-based examination of the DQA practices of RDRs summarized as a conceptual model. The authors identified three DQA activities: evaluation, intervention and communication and their structures, including activity motivations, roles played and mediating tools and rules and standards. When defining data quality, study participants went beyond the traditional definition of data quality and referenced seven facets of ethical and effective information systems in addition to data quality. Furthermore, the participants and RDRs referenced 13 dimensions in their DQA models. The study revealed that DQA activities were prioritized by data value, level of quality, available expertise, cost and funding incentives.Practical implicationsThe study's findings can inform the design and construction of digital research data curation infrastructure components on university campuses that aim to provide access not just to big data but trustworthy data. Communities of practice focused on repositories and archives could consider adding FAIR operationalizations, extensions and metrics focused on data quality. The availability of such metrics and associated measurements can help reusers determine whether they can trust and reuse a particular dataset. The findings of this study can help to develop such data quality assessment metrics and intervention strategies in a sound and systematic way.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first data quality theory guided examination of DQA practices in RDRs.

The duplication of semantic data modelled in different disciplines poses interoperability challenges. Information models that benefit from the application of standards that enable data reusability and prevent redundancy and misuse should be compatible, particularly when different systems are used in the same domain-specific area, as in the case of public transportation. Transportation information models, leading and providing reliable and robust public transport services, can nowadays be enriched with information found in building information models devoted to transportation infrastructure. Therefore, in the present paper, a mapping between the standards and technical specifications that support each modelling approach is explored, analysed, and aligned to maximise the best out of the current common practices used. The information from the Industry Foundation Classes IFC specification-based models complements the conceptual and physical transportation models, where Transmodel and NeTEx are well-established, with accurate (as-built) detailed characteristics of the transportation infrastructure (stop places, quays, entrances, access spaces and equipment as ramps, staircases, and escalators). The extraction of topological information stored in IFC models allows for navigation-network extraction, information about spaces, and passages between spaces. A specific public transport case study focused on a train station is detailed to better corroborate and illustrate the advantages and uses of compatible and complementing modelling approaches. As building-information-modelling awareness and use is growing, the validated mapping approach can benefit from the future application of automation procedures.

The concept of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for monitoring changes in biodiversity and tracking policy goals has substantially advanced in the last decade. I synthesize crucial information for developing an integrated European-wide biodiversity monitoring framework using EBVs to better inform environmental policies. This includes an overview of which EBVs have been prioritized for a modern and efficient European biodiversity observation network (Junker et al. 2023) and how these EBVs link to the EU policy framework and to different types of monitoring methods (Kissling et al. 2024). Generating EBVs requires designing and developing workflows for integrating primary observations from multiple data streams into aggregated and harmonized datasets that can then be modelled to derive spatially explicit EBV products with a specific spatial and temporal resolution (Kissling et al. 2018, Fernández et al. 2020). This requires information on data collection and sampling, data integration, and modelling for each EBV (Fig. 1). data collection and sampling, data integration, and modelling for each EBV (Fig. 1). To achieve this at a European scale, an improved data coverage, enhanced transnational coordination, adoption of advanced monitoring technologies, and a digital infrastructure with open data and interoperable standards is needed (Kissling et al. 2024, Moersberger et al. 2024, Morán-Ordóñez et al. 2023, Santana et al. 2023). To develop an effective EU-wide spatial sampling design, existing monitoring sites need to be incorporated, and spatial gaps need to be filled to achieve a broad representation of European biodiversity. This can be accomplished by combining a stratified random selection of sites (e.g. grid cells) across Europe with local sampling designs that consider randomisation, replication and stratification and co-location of monitoring activities using various field survey methods (Kissling et al. 2024). This can ensure a representative sampling across different environments, human impacts and policy or management interventions. Close collaborations between ecologists, data scientists, monitoring practitioners, and national and EU bodies, and the adoption of open science practices and FAIR guiding principles will be crucial to advance EBV implementation at a continental scale. This will support the establishment of a European Biodiversity Observation Coordination Centre (EBOCC) that is proposed for the coordination of monitoring activities and data management across Europe (Liquete et al. 2024).

At Bingara-Copeton in the Phanerozoic New England fold belt, New South Wales, Australia, about two million diamonds were mined from Tertiary alluvial deposits that are more than 1,500 km distant from the nearest craton. The diamonds contain unique eclogitic inclusions, some of which gave Phanerozoic age dates and are unlike diamonds from ancient cratons. Few heavy minerals accompany the diamonds. An exploration program of the modern drainage system and soils in the Bingara district was undertaken to search for a hard-rock diamond source. Eight prospects were identified by regional magnetic anomalies, and 118 samples were processed for heavy minerals. Five diamonds were recovered; two rounded macrodiamonds and three small diamonds that retain some delicate features. More importantly, abundant high pressure- (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic minerals also were recovered, particularly garnet. These were not derived from the low metamorphic grade country rock in the district. Using the major element classification scheme of Schulze (2003) we separate Bingara garnets into “crustal” and “mantle-derived” groups and the following subgroups: eclogite (Group I diamond and Group II lower grade), peridotite (lherzolite), and Cr-poor megacrysts. Major element chemistry and rare earth element analysis of selected garnets identifies their deeply subducted protoliths, including midoceanic ridge basalt (MORB) and picrite, and arc-related basalt. We also define here a new subgroup of distinctive ultrahigh-pressure crustal (UHP-crustal) garnet from the crustal group above with almandine-spessartine compositions and enrichment in Na2O and heavy rare earth elements. These compare with garnets from exhumed UHP schist and/or orthogneiss from Dabie Shan, central China, which formed from deeply subducted leucocratic continental crustal material, and also with rare garnet inclusions in diamonds from Sloan diatremes in Colorado and Wyoming and the Finsch kimberlite pipe, South Africa. Decompression microstructures, such as crystallographic exsolutions of rutile, apatite, or ilmenite in some eclogitic and Fe-Mn–enriched Bingara garnets, confirm their partial exhumation from mantle depth. Garnet types and proportions vary significantly by prospect in the Bingara area, reflecting variations in assemblages sampled at depth by several local igneous sources. Garnets from Group I eclogite and one rounded (resorbed) white diamond (0.265 carat) were recovered near a composite basanite body dated at 181.5 ± 0.4 Ma. UHP-crustal garnets were recovered near the three small diamonds. A conceptual model is presented for subduction formation of Bingara-Copeton diamonds, eclogitic, and UHP-crustal garnets in Carboniferous and Triassic slabs, and their two-stage delivery to the surface, first by partial exhumation, then by capture in local shallow-sourced basaltic magmas without deep-sourced kimberlitic or lamproitic volcanism. This two-stage delivery mechanism explains how diamonds may be sourced within buried UHP terranes, whereas in exposed UHP terranes macrocrystals of diamond are normally extremely rare, variously abundant but completely graphitized, or apparently never formed. This work has calibrated an exploration technique for locating sources of unusual subduction-formed diamonds in collisional tectonic settings using eclogitic and UHP-crustal garnet as an indicator mineral.

Conceptual model for the chemical evolution of groundwater in a region of the Canadian Precambrian shield covered by soft Quaternary deposit of glacial and marine origin

This study examines the current state of agricultural digitalization in Indonesia, focusing on its potential to transform the agricultural sector and improve farmer welfare. Using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), the research analyzes existing conditions, challenges, and opportunities in implementing digital technologies in agriculture. The study reveals that while agricultural digitalization is recognized as a priority in Indonesia's national development plans, its implementation faces significant hurdles. These include limited comprehensive regulations, uneven digital infrastructure, low digital literacy among farmers, and varying perceptions of technology adoption. The research highlights the need for an integrated approach involving key stakeholders such as the government, private sector, and farmers. The CATWOE analysis identifies farmers as primary beneficiaries and emphasizes the importance of tailored policies and infrastructure development. The study proposes recommendations for accelerating digital adoption, including formulating comprehensive regulations, improving rural digital infrastructure, enhancing farmer education programs, and strengthening the role of agricultural extension workers. The conceptual model developed through SSM provides a framework for creating an innovative and sustainable digital agricultural ecosystem. This research contributes to the understanding of agricultural digitalization in Indonesia and offers insights for policymakers and practitioners in developing effective strategies for digital transformation in agriculture.

Abstract. The article reveals the conceptual model TAM–SAM–SOM in the context of the digital transformation of the construction industry, which allows for a structured and strategic assessment of the potential of digital technologies in the implementation of construction projects. The application of this model, traditionally widespread in marketing research to determine market capacity, is adapted to the tasks of managing digital resources, tools and technologies at different levels of construction activity. TAM (Total Addressable Market) in the study is interpreted as the total potential of digital construction, which includes the full range of available digital solutions (BIM, digital twins, 3D printing, robotics, ERP systems, data exchange platforms, etc.), capable of ensuring the systemic modernization of the project life cycle from design to operation. SAM (Serviceable Available Market) reflects the part of TAM that can be implemented under the conditions of the existing technical, economic, personnel and institutional capabilities of enterprises in the industry. SOM (Serviceable Obtainable Market), in turn, outlines the realistically achievable share of digital solutions that can be implemented by a specific company or project, taking into account internal resources, organizational and management models, level of digital maturity and external risks. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the level of digitalization (from basic process automation to an integrated real-time construction management platform) and the effectiveness of implementing each level of the TAM–SAM–SOM model. The author's vision of a digital adaptive framework is proposed, where each level is provided with appropriate analytical tools, technological solutions and change management strategies. The practical significance of the concept lies in its ability to serve as an analytical tool for making strategic decisions regarding investment in digital infrastructure, choosing priority areas of digitalization, and substantiating the expected effect of implementing digital solutions. The TAM–SAM–SOM model is a key component in the formation of digital transformation roadmaps in construction, ensuring logical consistency, flexibility of adaptation, and transparency of management processes.