Load Weight Classification of The Quayside Container Crane Based On K-Means Clustering Algorithm

The quayside container crane is the crucial equipment of port handling operation. With the increasing demand of trade logistics, quayside container cranes are developing towards more and more large and high-parameter to adapt to larger ships. With the increase of logistics demand, quayside container cranes are developing towards large-scale and high-parameter. Nevertheless, the fatigue problem of metal structures has become increasingly prominent due to the long-term and high-strength continuous operation of equipment. The structure of quayside container crane is huge, and there are many types of connection, such as welds, openings, variable crosssection, etc. Therefore, the mechanical condition of equipment structure is complex. How to effectively determine high-risk fragile zones and health monitoring points is an urgent problem to be solved, which is also the key to success or failure of structural health monitoring. Five key factors of quayside container crane is been considering, such as structure type, welding technology, heat treatment, non-destructive testing and load condition, this paper puts forward a method for identifying health monitoring points of quayside container crane. Firstly, the hierarchical structure model of highrisk fragile zone fuzzy recognition is constructed. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to determine the weight of each index. Then, the risk value of fragile zone is calculated by using the theory of fuzzy evaluation. Finally, the method is used to identify the high-risk fragile areas and health monitoring points of quayside container cranes. In view of the field application of health monitoring for a port quayside container crane, the method proposed in this paper is used to determine the location of health monitoring points, which coincides with the location of cracks in equipment in the past. The method proposed in this paper provides a scientific and effective means for the location selection of structural health monitoring, and has important value for improving the effectiveness of structural health monitoring.

With the improvement of public awareness of environmental protection, the energy utilization efficiency of the key container terminal operation system, quayside container crane, has attracted increasing attention. Against this backdrop, this paper tries to provide a method to check and measure effective energy, supply of energy and energy utilization ratio of quayside container crane on the basis of Chinese Standard.In the first place, the testing process is set up according to Chinese Standard The method of checking and measuring energy utilization efficiency for port electric-crane (JT/T 314-2009). This Standard, released in 2009 and enacted in 2010 by Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, regulates the methods of how to collect operation data of spot testing, how to measure supply of energy, and how to calculate effective energy of mechanic structure of container crane and so on. HIOKI Power Quality Analyzer 3198 is used as the measuring instruments of the testing; and Shanghai ZP style 65t quayside crane produced by Zhenhua Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. (ZPMC) as the measuring prototype. The testing is arranged under six steps: (a) idle loaded hoisting mechanism with upward motion; (b) idle loaded trolley with horizontal displacement; (c) idle loaded hoisting mechanism with descending movement; (d) on loaded hoisting mechanism with ascending movement; (e) on loaded trolley with horizontal displacement; (f) on loaded hoisting mechanism with descending movement. These six steps present six working conditions, which constitute a full testing cycle of the container crane. Three cycles of testing are set up in order to minimize the testing errors. With formulas of effective energy, supply of energy and energy utilization ratio from Chinese Standard JT/T 314-2009 and relevant data from the testing, the result shows as follows: in a full testing cycle, the effective energy approximately amounts to 1.17x107J; supply of energy approximately amounts to 2.178x107J; the energy utilization ratio approximately amounts to 53.7%. The testing result shows that it is actually practical to measure effective energy, supply of energy and energy utilization ratio of the quayside container crane. This paper may also do some help in measuring energy utilization efficiency of other relevant kinds of port machinery.

It is necessary to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the quayside container crane for the health monitoring of its structure system. Different working conditions will bring different dynamic characteristics. Considering the complexity of the connection boundary condition simulation of large construction machinery, this paper uses the stiffness element MATRIX27 to simulate the connection condition of the quayside container crane. Then, based on the finite element model of the crane, combined with the selected specific monitoring positions, the dynamic characteristics of the quayside container crane are analyzed considering the normal operation and the eccentric load operation. It is concluded that the eccentric load of the crane will have a greater impact on the speed and acceleration response of the traveling direction of the crane. However, it has a smaller impact on the stress distribution and the wheel pressure of the crane. The above results also provide a basis for the selection of the specific content of health monitoring.

Analysis of real-time measuring data of stress points layouted on the quayside container crane, a new technology of real-time fatigue life estimation for quayside container crane is presented in this paper based on the study of feature of crane’s structure and theories of fatigue danmage. This technology can real-time estimate quayside container crane’s total fatigue life and remaining life at any moment in whole process from it put into use to the last scrap stage,the estimation is more credible and more accurate, and it provides a basis for structure maintenance, strengthening and rehabilitation.Compared with traditional structural fatigue life estimation, this new technology reduces downtime, creates greater economic benefits for the enterprise and has great application value.

In view of too many attributes in hoisting motor state recognition of quayside container crane. Attribute reduction method based on discernibility matrix is introduced to attribute reduction of lifting motor state information table. A method of attribute reduction based on the combination of rough set and genetic algorithm is proposed to deal with the hoisting motor state decision table. Under the condition that the information system's decision-making ability is unchanged, the redundant attribute is deleted. Which reduces the complexity and computation of the recognition process of the hoisting motor. It is possible to realize the fast state recognition.

In order to improve the automation degree and container loading and unloading efficiency of quayside container cranes, an automatic container lock pin unloading method based on 3D point cloud data processing -was proposed. The target object is scanned by the line laser sensor to obtain the point cloud structure, and the optimized filtering algorithm is used to denoise the point cloud data. The actual test data shows that the algorithm can analyze the key point coordinates of the locking point cloud in about 2s, and the key point coordinates of the locking point cloud can be analyzed in about 1.5s. The center coordinates of the keyhole at the bottom of the container are analyzed left and right, and the accuracy of the analysis is 98%. It is proved that the scheme has certain advancedness and practicability, and provides ideas for the specific implementation of the fully automated quayside container crane.

According to the Rayleigh damping coefficients based on the dynamic simulation analysis of a quayside container crane (QCC), the calculation and frequency selection for QCC type structures are improved through comparative analysis of similar models and simulation results; these models consider the boundary constraints of QCC and the calculation method of damping coefficients, but there is no consensus on the best methodology to use. The dynamic response of the QCC structure under different Rayleigh damping coefficients is compared and analysed by simulation and shaking table tests. The results show that the damping coefficient calculation method and frequency selection on the seismic response of the QCC structure increases with increased seismic acceleration. When the acceleration peak is 0.4 g and 0.62 g, the average error between the simulation result and the test value obtained by the existing damping coefficient calculation method exceeds 20%. In contrast, the error between the simulation result and the test value is within 10% when using the improved damping coefficient calculation method.

The heavy quayside container crane is the key equipment of handling production in container terminal, because the general simulation system can not provide the detail information of the single crane unit during working process, this work proposed a novel method to visualize the working process of the crane. Analyzed the basic mechanisms and typical working condition, based on which, discussed the modeling method for working process visualization, and then gave the internal structure of 3D crane model. This work designed the control logic to drive the 3D graphic elements of the visualization system, implemented the working process visualization according to the working waiting list of the crane.

Assembly Sequence Planning of Quayside Container Crane Based on Improved Immune Algorithm

As an important structure for cargo handling in ports and docks, the dynamic performance of quayside cranes is crucial for ensuring efficient loading and unloading operations. This paper presents a dynamic analysis study on the variable cross-section characteristics of quayside crane girders and proposes an improved vector-based finite element method. The method combines optimization algorithms and numerical computation techniques to solve the dynamic response of variable cross-section girders more efficiently. Firstly, a simplified dynamic model of the front girder of the quayside crane is established. Then, based on the improved vector-based finite element method, static and dynamic analyses are conducted on the front girder, and the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved method are validated through comparisons with ANSYS results. The research results demonstrate that the improved vector-based finite element method can accurately simulate the dynamic behavior of quayside crane girders with variable cross-sections. Therefore, this method holds great potential for widespread application in practical engineering scenarios.

The load distribution characteristics of quayside container crane (QCC) draw bar system is of great significance for fatigue analysis, life assessment and reliability calculation of metal structures. In order to describe the load distribution characteristics accurately, a method for extracting the characteristic parameters based on the VMD-Weibull distribution was proposed. Firstly, use the Wiener filtering feature of VMD to perform filtering processing. Then use the cubic spline interpolation envelope method to reconstruct the data, and performs Weibull distribution modeling on the reconstructed data to extract the scale parameters and shape parameters. Compared with the maximum entropy probability density curve, the stress loading is consistent with the Weibull distribution. At last, evaluate the draw bar and predict the development trend of the draw bar performance.

Microstructure and anisotropic swelling behaviour of compacted bentonite/sand mixture

Anisotropic and strain rate-dependent mechanical properties and constitutive modeling of the cancellous bone from piglet cervical vertebrae

Anisotropic nature of thermal conductivity in graphene spirals revealed by molecular dynamics simulations

An experimental analysis is presented to establish the thermal performance of a latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) unit. Paraffin is used as the phase change material (PCM) on the shell side of the shell and tube‐type LHTS unit while water is used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) flowing through the inner tube. The fluid inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of HTF are varied and the temperature distribution of paraffin in the shell side is measured along the radial and axial direction during melting and solidification process. The total melting time is established for different mass flow rates and fluid inlet temperature of HTF. The motion of the solid–liquid interface of the PCM with time along axial and radial direction of the test unit is critically evaluated. The experimental results indicate that the melting front moves from top to bottom along the axial direction while the solidification front moves only in the radial direction. The total melting time of PCM increases as the mass flow rate and inlet temperature of HTF decreases. A correlation is proposed for the dimensionless melting time in terms of Reynolds number and Stefan number of HTF. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21120