<title>Dynamic projecting IR zoom-based systems</title>

In robot navigation experiment, a localization and motion control system is required to secure the agricultural robot motion in the environment. However, the high cost of localization system and complex structure of motion controller has limited the low cost agricultural mobile robot development. In this paper, a low-cost localization system and simple motion control system is presented. The localization system has been implemented using a dead reckoning method by accessing an incremental encoder’s reading. A simple cascaded motion control system based on proportional feedback kinematics controller and PI based controller was used to control the mobile robot motion. The performances of different turning methods: U turn and a π turn, were compared for lane changing, based on completion time, controller’s error and distance travelled. Simulation test of robot motion was conducted using a Simulink3d animation in MATLAB software. An experimental test in a real greenhouse environment was conducted to verify the simulation performance in motion control and localization system. The experimental and simulation results have shown that a U turn has the best turning performance with 69.1 % better efficiency in experimental mode and it is recommended to be applied in agricultural field.

In recent years, optical zoom functionality in mobile devices has been studied. Traditional zoom systems use motors to change separation of lenses to achieve the zoom function, but these systems result in long total length and high power consumption, which are not suitable for mobile devices. Adopting micromachined polymer deformable mirrors in zoom systems has the potential to reduce thickness and chromatic aberration. In this paper, we propose a 2× continuous optical zoom system with five-megapixel image sensors by using two deformable mirrors. In our design, the thickness of the zoom system is about 11 mm. The effective focal length ranges from 4.7 mm at a field angle of 52° to 9.4 mm. The f-number is 4.4 and 6.4 at the wide-angle and telephoto end, respectively.

Motion control of an autonomous or self-driving car depends intensely on data associated with its lateral and longitudinal motion sensors. These sensor data is used to formulate necessary and appropriate control signal for smooth and stable maneuver, through steering and acceleration subsystems. The work here focus on implementation of such motion control systems on a physical vehicle that is modified to achieve desired autonomous functionality on a predefined path. In addition, a sensor diagnostic system for monitoring the sensor health condition is tested to identify the faulty values in the system.

Nine healthy subjects performed 2D pointing movements using a joystick that controlled a screen cursor. Continuous visual feedback was provided until movement completion. Three variables were systematically manipulated: (1) target distance, (2) target size and (3) target direction. A four-way factorial ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of these fixed factors and of the random factor of subject on several movement parameters. Movement time increased with increasing distance and decreasing target size and as predicted from Fitts' law. The target direction did not affect movement time. In contrast the direction, distance and size of the target significantly affected the movement time until the first zero crossing on the speed record reflecting the time to bring the arm into the vicinity of the target. Movements on the lateral axis of the horizontal plane (horizontal movements) resulted in a decrease in initial movement time compared to movements on the anterior axis of the horizontal plane (vertical movements). A significant effect of target distance and direction but not target size was observed for the magnitude of maximum acceleration, maximum speed and maximum deceleration. Horizontal movements had a larger maximum acceleration, speed and deceleration. Furthermore the maximum speed and deceleration occurred earlier in time for these horizontal movements. Finally the number of secondary peaks on the speed record increased with decreasing target size and was not affected by the target distance or target direction. In conclusion our results indicate that different movement parameters are affected by target distance, size and direction. The crucial distinction was between parameters affected by target size and direction. These parameters did not overlap. Target direction affects the first part of movement execution while target size affects the final part of movement execution. Thus a clear segmentation of movement execution in two phases is supported by these results. The implications of these results for theoretical models of speed-accuracy trade-off are discussed.

The jerk (the time rate of change of acceleration) is one of the most important kinds of bodily sensitive information. In driving situation, when a vehicle accelerates or decelerates rapidly, skilled drivers can adaptively control the vehicle by perceiving wheel spin or wheel lock from subtle vehicle jerk information, rather than from wheel-speed information. This suggests that the performance of vehicle motion control systems, including the extent of "natural" feeling for drivers, can be improved by enabling the systems to detect jerk and/or acceleration information, and emulate responses of a skilled driver. We have developed a sensor for deriving the values of both acceleration and jerk by using the law of electromagnetic induction. This sensor performs well and has several potential applications. This paper introduces the principle and performance of jerk sensor, and also proposes other possibility of motion control systems using jerk information.

Driving cycle construction has become more popular around the world to estimate pollution emission and traffic analysis. This paper presents the traffic based analysis related to performance of B128 and B130 route in Galle, Sri Lanka using basic traffic engineering parameters such as travel time, average and maximum speed, average acceleration and deceleration. So the main objective of this paper is to identify traffic related parameters of above routes at Galle. The driving data was collected using on board measurement method by installing a prototype GPS tracking device in light-duty cars (AXIO, AQUA, FIT, Vitz). The cycle construction was done according to the segment based cycle construction method and roads were segmented considering the major intersections. Driving cycles were constructed for morning peak, noon peak, evening peak and off peak hours in B130 route and off peak hours in B128 route and the travel time, average speed, maximum speed, average acceleration and average deceleration were obtained. According to results, the maximum average speed of 27.53 km/h was obtained at off peak hours and travel time of 892s is taken to travel from Hapugala junction to Galle in noon peak hours. However the maximum speed was obtained at noon peak hours.

High-speed motorized spindle is the core component of the CNC machines. Its dynamic performance directly affects the accuracy of the geometry, and be the root cause of vibration, noise and temperature increase, etc. Its motor control system has the characteristics of nonlinear and strong coupling, which is one of the key R&D items of the spindle design. Based on granular computing, this paper selects the appropriate granularity to analyze the coupling between the motor control parameters and system performance, and propose a zoning decoupling and optimization method to optimize the overall system performance, which has practical application value.

The Role of Negative Emotions in the Aetiology of Non-Impact Sports Injuries: Interactions of the Stress Response and Motor Control Systems

Software and communication is a core of fully automatic optimizing cross-cut saw (FAOCCS). As for the realization of software, principles and methods are presented for the realization of optimizing software and motion control system (MCS) software; and for the realization of communication, the method of UDP communication between IPC and MCS is presented. Then, the preparation of corresponding optimizing, MCS and communication software is illuminated. Finally, synthetic test on the optimizing software and MCS software as well as the UDP communication between IPC and MCS is conducted through some examples. The test results indicate that FAOCCS using above technologies offers superior performance compared with the same type of FAOCCS from foreign countries, in particular the optimizing software has better functions.

The characteristics of internal combustion engines (hereinafter referred to as ICE) have the following disadvantages: there is a gap between zero and minimum angular velocity, so it is impossible to move out of a state of rest; the dependence of torque on angular velocity is not ideal. They are corrected by the following converters: the first by a clutch or torque converter, and the second by a gearbox or variator. In addition, the ICE characteristics can be partially close themselves to ideal. Electric motors (here in after referred to as motors) of electric vehicles have an ideal characteristic that starts from scratch and has a large zone with a sustainable maximum power. The addition of the drive with the ICE motor in hybrid electric cars solves these problems. The different characteristics of ICE, motors and converters increase the number of possible configurations that affect the characteristics of the supply of power to the wheels. According to the traction characteristics of the car, the indicators of the traction and speed properties of the car are determined: the ability to overcome climbs, maximum acceleration, maximum speed on a horizontal road, acceleration time to a given speed, etc. The last two indicators depend primarily on the maximum power of ice or motor and are important for supercars, while for conventional cars or electric vehicles with close values of maximum speed and acceleration time to a given speed, they mean nothing. The authors propose to evaluate the efficiency of the drive during acceleration with maximum acceleration of the power utilization factor k N 0–100 – the particles from the division of the average value of the realized power on the wheels in the interval of speeds (0; 100) km/h by the maximum power value on the wheels. The characteristics of ICE and motors are given, traction characteristics in power coordinates are calculated – the speed of movement of cars with typical drive configurations, their power utilization coefficients are determined and appropriate conclusions are made. In the future, it is planned to investigate the use of power in more complex drive systems of hybrid cars with the recovery of braking energy.

A novel 5-Degree of Freedom PCMM (parallel coordinate measuring machine) was proposed, and its motion control system was designed. Compared with the other structural PCMMs, the structure feature of proposed PCMM was described. Then its motion control system was designed with the modularized and open architecture. The controlled scheme of hardware, which based on PC, PMAC motion control card and the precision measuring probe, was developed. The software of the motion control system was written by Visual Basic6.0 language. Finally, the process of motion control for 4-UPS-UPU PCMM was proposed. The new method above for design of motion control system is simple and effective, and may be applied to other parallel machine.

The stepping motor control system used in the profile monitor and RCS collimator of J-PARC is configured by VME-based. Most of these pieces of control equipment are in use for more than 10 years. Therefore, countermeasures against aging of equipment are necessary. In addition, it is necessary to implement countermeasures against malfunction of the control system, which is thought to be caused by radiation. In 2016, a malfunction occurred in the motor control system of the RCS collimator. Taking this as a starting point, we began developing a motor control system that can ensure equipment safety even if a malfunction occurs. In this paper, we show the inference of the cause of this malfunction and present details of the developed high-safety motor control system.

Two-stage rotary vane pumpSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum... <<UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature The Pascal 2021 HW two-stage rotary vane pump from Pfeiffer Vacuum is suitable for applications that generate water vapor, such as low-temperature sterilization and drying. An optimized design and gas ballast system allow large volumes of vapor to be pumped before the vapor can condense in the mechanism, which prevents accumulation of fluid that could adversely affect the service life of the pump and the oil. The company claims the Pascal 2021 HW has the highest vapor capacity in its class. The materials used in its manufacture make the pump resistant to aggressive chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide. Temperature management by the user can prepare the pump to deliver vapor in just a few minutes. If the steam capacity is inadvertently exceeded, a safety device prevents water from flowing into functional sections. Pfeiffer Vacuum Inc, 24 Trafalgar Sq, Nashua, NH 03063-1988, www.pfeiffer-vacuum.com UV–visible spectrophotometerSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome... <<Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature Agilent designed its Cary 3500 UV-Vis spectrophotometer system to help life sciences, pharmaceutical, and academic researchers accurately and efficiently characterize new biological entities before their adaptation into therapeutic products. The system can also monitor the quality of those products throughout their development. It is available in several configurations, including a multizone multicell that optimizes laboratory productivity by allowing up to four simultaneous temperature experiments across eight cuvette positions. Rapid and accurate temperature control permits experiments at faster ramp rates than ever before, according to Agilent. Using solid-state digital Cary temperature probes that control experimental temperature from inside the cuvette, researchers can ramp the sample’s temperature to 30 °C/min. Agilent Technologies Inc, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95051, www.agilent.com Pulsed high-intensity light systemsSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig... <<Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature Xenon has introduced its XS-Series scalable pulsed light systems for room-temperature printed electronics (PE) sintering of conductive inks on flexible substrates. According to the company, the systems deliver high peak power with low heat and let users work with large coverage areas with high uniformity. The XS-Series models X-1100, S-2200, and S-2210 are built on a common platform with a common user interface. The economical X-1100 delivers up to 9 joules/cm2 of radiant energy per pulse. Users can set up pulsed-light profiles and test processes critical to the success of new PE applications. With high peak radiant power of up to 4 kW/cm2, the S-2200 provides state-of-the-art thermal management for researchers working with new nanomaterials on heat-sensitive substrates that require rapid sintering. The compact S-2210 is designed to treat wide areas (150 mm × 150 mm) with high-intensity pulsed light for applications that require high uniformity of up to 3%. It delivers a maximum pulse energy output of 18 kJ/cm2 with a long pulse duration of 100–5000 μs. Xenon Corporation, 37 Upton Dr, Wilmington, MA 01887, www.xenoncorp.com Arbitrary function generatorSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera... <<Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature The AFG31000 arbitrary function generator (AFG) series from Tektronix features a nine-inch capacitive touch screen—the largest screen available on an AFG, according to the company. The series offers advanced capabilities for efficiently and economically characterizing a device under test (DUT). Those include the InstaView feature, which monitors and displays the waveform under study at the DUT with no need for additional cables or instruments. The advanced-waveform-sequencer mode allows the instrument to segment its waveform memory, which can be up to 128 Mpts, into up to 256 entries. Users can drag and drop both long and multiple waveforms into the sequencer and define how they are outputted. The ArbBuilder tool allows arbitrary waveforms to be created and edited directly on the instrument instead of on a PC. Tektronix Inc, 14150 SW Karl Braun Dr, PO Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077, www.tek.com Signal enhancement package for digitizersSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag... <<Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature A new signal-averaging package from Spectrum combines a digitizer and a CUDA graphics card. CUDA is a parallel computing platform and programming model created by Nvidia for general computing on graphical processing units (GPUs). The package uses Spectrum’s CUDA Access for Parallel Processing (SCAPP) and latest digitizer products to harness the power of CUDA-based GPU cards. Using remote direct memory access transfers, SCAPP users can port data directly to the GPU, where high-speed time- and frequency-domain signal averaging can be performed without the length limitations typically found in averaging products. The package is suitable for applications that involve low-level signals or have signal details that are lost due to high amounts of noise. Such applications include mass spectrometry, radar, LIDAR, sonar, radio astronomy, and biomedicine. Spectrum Instrumentation Corp, 15 Warren St, Ste 25, Hackensack, NJ 07601, https://spectrum-instrumentation.com Compact FTIR spectrometerSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometer <<High-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature Bruker has launched its Invenio S FTIR research spectrometer for advanced routine analysis and spectroscopic research. It replaces the previous Tensor spectrometer series. The Invenio S features Bruker’s permanently aligned RockSolid interferometer, CenterGlow IR source, temperature-controlled deuterated triglycine sulfate detector, and fail-safe diode laser. The optional Transit Channel provides an additional, easily accessible sample space and allows instantaneous, software-controlled switching between measurement techniques. The compact design provides bench space for external accessories that can expand the instrument’s capabilities to include IR microscopy and imaging, thermogravimetric analysis, high-throughput screening, and vibrational circular dichroism. Bruker Optics Inc, 40 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821, www.bruker.com High-speed multispectral imaging sensorSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ... <<Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature Teledyne e2v has added an 11 MP detector to its Lince image sensor family. The Lince11M CMOS image sensor is designed for applications that require 4K resolution at very high shutter speed. The standard sensor combines 4K resolution at 710 fps in an advanced photo system type-C format. The Lince11M can be used for high-throughput in-line inspection and with strobed lighting for imaging that is multispectral or multifield, including bright field, dark field, and backlight. It can serve as an alternative to line-scan sensors to improve defect classification where uniform image sharpness across all directions is critical. The sensor offers a peak quantum efficiency of 60% and a large full well capacity to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in shot-noise-limited applications. Teledyne e2v US Inc, 700 Chestnut Ridge Rd, Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977, www.teledyne-e2v.com Terahertz spectrometerSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometer <<Circular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature The Newport THz-TDS from MKS Instruments is a state-of-the-art system for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and femtosecond spectroscopy with UV to near-IR pump and far-IR probe. It incorporates Newport’s quality optics, optomechanics, balanced detector, vibration control, delay-line stages, and LabVIEW-based software. The THz-TDS supports various ultrafast amplifiers and optical parametric amplifiers as sources. It features a broad pump–probe delay range and high pump–probe delay resolution. A high-speed stage allows rapid acquisition of terahertz waveforms, and Newport’s Suprema series optical mounts reduce thermal fluctuations. The instrument can be tailored to meet users’ needs and can be upgraded and reconfigured to support other ultrafast spectroscopy techniques as research needs evolve. MKS Instruments Inc, 2 Tech Dr, Ste 201, Andover, MA 01810, www.mksinst.com Circular photodiodes for radiation detectionSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ... <<Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature Opto Diode, an ITW company, has released its AXUV20A circular photodetectors for radiation, electron, and photon response in the extreme-UV, visible, and near-IR wavelength ranges. The devices have an active area of 5.5 mm diameter and are sensitive to electrons with energies as low as 100 eV. The minimum photodiode shunt resistance is 100 MΩ. Reverse breakdown voltage is typically 10 V, with a minimum of 5 V. Other features include capacitance typically at 4 nF, with a maximum of 10 nF, and a rise time of 2 µs. Operating and storage temperatures range from −10 °C to 40 °C in ambient environments and from −20 °C to 80 °C in nitrogen or vacuum. A cover plate protects the photodiode chip and wire bonds. Opto Diode Corporation, 1260 Calle Suerte, Camarillo, CA 93012, https://optodiode.com Planar-diffused silicon photodiodesSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p... <<Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature OSI Optoelectronics offers UV-enhanced planar-diffused silicon photodiodes designed for low-light-level detection in the UV spectral range. According to the company, its UVD and UVE photodiodes provide advantages over inversion-layer and other photodiodes. For example, they deliver lower capacitance and faster response times. The UVD photodiodes peak at 970 nm; the UVE devices peak at 720 nm and suppress the near-IR, so they can be used for applications that require blocking that spectral region. Both products can be biased for lower capacitance, wider dynamic range, and high-speed response times. They can be operated in the photovoltaic (unbiased) mode for situations that require low drift with temperature variations. Applications include spectroscopy, fluorescence, medical instrumentation, pollution monitoring, and UV exposure meters. OSI Optoelectronics Inc, 12525 Chadron Ave, Hawthorne, CA 90250, www.osioptoelectronics.com Motorized 3D/4D stageSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stage <<new literature Applied Scientific Instrumentation’s precise, compact 3D/4D motion control system is designed to move samples around fixed optics. Three linear stages include XYZ translation elements and travel options of 25, 50, 100, or 200 mm. Each axis can be chosen separately. The linear stages’ smooth, accurate motion is achieved through the use of closed-loop DC servomotors, crossed-roller bearings, high-precision lead screws, and high-resolution encoders for positioning feedback. The stages can move uniformly at very slow speeds for in-motion acquisition. An optional motorized rotating stage can be employed for a theta axis. The company offers various compatible stage controllers that provide automatic backlash correction and can communicate with a host computer by RS-232 or USB connection. Applied Scientific Instrumentation, 29391 W Enid Rd, Eugene, OR 97402, www.asiimaging.com new literatureSection:ChooseTop of pageTwo-stage rotary vane pum...UV–visible spectrophotome...Pulsed high-intensity lig...Arbitrary function genera...Signal enhancement packag...Compact FTIR spectrometerHigh-speed multispectral ...Terahertz spectrometerCircular photodiodes for ...Planar-diffused silicon p...Motorized 3D/4D stagenew literature << Hexapod positioning systems catalog Physik Instrumente has published a catalog on its parallel-kinematic motion and positioning systems for precision automation and alignment applications in fields such as optics, photonics, aerospace, medical engineering, and laser technology. Its 130 pages provide background information and feature various hexapod motion and positioning systems, known as Stewart platforms, with six degrees of freedom, high resolution, and repeatability in the submicrometer and nanometer range. The hexapods offer travel ranges from a half-inch to several hundred millimeters and load ranges from 0.5 kg to several tons. The multiaxis systems can be optimized for high load, speed, and precision. The load, speed, and precision class determine the type of drive used, whether electrodynamic, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Physik Instrumente LP, 16 Albert St, Auburn, MA 01501, www.pi-usa.us © 2019 American Institute of Physics.

Motion control is a fundamental technique used in automated mechanical systems. Classically, velocity, force, and impedance are controlled in motion control systems, but simultaneous control is difficult. This article proposes periodic/aperiodic (P/A) motion control based on periodicity and aperiodicity of motion. The P/A motion control separately applies different control methods to P/A motions using P/A velocity and P/A force, which are extracted using a periodic/aperiodic separation filter (PASF) from velocity and force. Accordingly, six types of P/A motion controls are constructed in this article, which correspond to different combinations of the P/A velocity, P/A force, and P/A impedance controls. To construct the P/A motion control systems, acceleration control based on a disturbance observer is used. The ACS, which rejects disturbances, enables the P/A motion control design to ignore disturbances. The experiments were conducted to validate the six P/A motion controls, which simultaneously realized two P/A motion control objectives.

In this paper the concepts, design aspects and application of Sliding Mode Control (SMC) systems to power electronics and motion control systems are discussed. The salient features of the Variable Structure Systems (VSS) with sliding modes are order reduction, decoupling in the design procedure, insensitivity in plant parameter changes and disturbances rejection. Simple implementation makes concepts of SMC very attractive in power electronics and motion control systems. Application to problems like control of DC and AC converters, the control of electrical machines and the design of the observers for electrical machines are discussed.