Magpie

This paper proposes a non-domain-specific metadata ontology as a core component in a semantic model-based document management system (DMS), a potential contender towards the enterprise information systems of the next generation. What we developed is the core semantic component of an ontology-driven DMS, providing a robust semantic base for describing documents' metadata. We also enabled semantic services such as automated semantic translation of metadata from one domain to another. The core semantic base consists of three semantic layers, each one serving a different view of documents' metadata. The core semantic component's base layer represents a non-domain-specific metadata ontology founded on ebRIM specification. The main purpose of this ontology is to serve as a meta-metadata ontology for other domain-specific metadata ontologies. The base semantic layer provides a generic metadata view. For the sake of enabling domain-specific views of documents' metadata, we implemented two domain-specific metadata ontologies, semantically layered on top of ebRIM, serving domain-specific views of the metadata. In order to enable semantic translation of metadata from one domain to another, we established model-to-model mappings between these semantic layers by introducing SWRL rules. Having the semantic translation of metadata automated not only allows for effortless switching between different metadata views, but also opens the door for automating the process of documents long-term archiving. For the case study, we chose judicial domain as a promising ground for improving the efficiency of the judiciary by introducing the semantics in this field.

The system providing the automated monitoring of changes in web resources was designed and developed. The entire process is divided into five parts. Each subsequent stage included some parts of the previous one. The practical value of this system resides in the ability to detect, in the shortest possible time, the changes in web-resource. In case, if unwanted changes were detected, the user will be able to perform the correction without the need for constant monitoring of content by developers. This facilitates the process of restoring the satisfactory state of web site after unauthorized changes were made. It also allows to track the competitors’ web pages in order to timely improve their own products.

The Wisconsin AgrAbility Project, with grant funding from Rehabilitative Service Administration, Office of Education and Rehabilitative Services (USDOE), proposed a project to develop an agricultural assistive technology (AT) reutilization resource. Initially targeted for Wisconsin farmers with disabilities, the goal of the project was to develop an easy-to-use online farmer-to-farmer web resource. The web resource was designed to provide a site where farmers could post serviceable, but no longer used AT equipment, which would then be offered/shared/sold to other Wisconsin farmers with disabilities. If the web resource was properly developed and marketed, hopefully the end result would be a reduction in unused AT equipment. This paper will discuss the development and show example web pages from an early prototype of the AT reuse web resource.

Service composition combines a set of available Web services using control flows to create a more complex service. The service composition is a complex process which is challenging even for experienced users to discover and select appropriate service among a set of similar services. The available tools and techniques for service composition either are too complicated or require technical knowledge (such as script language). Moreover the heterogeneity in service description language and communication protocols make service composition more difficult. In our research, we propose an approach that allows non-technical users (i.e., end users) to easily compose heterogeneous Web resources with different communication protocol. The goal of this research is fulfilled on two stages: 1) identifying integrable Web resources from different Web applications and SOAP-based Web services; and 2) providing approaches to discover and compose Web resources that are capable of accomplishing user's activities. We propose a framework that assists a user to discover and compose services.

The Web, as we know it, is a collection of human readable pages that are virtually unintelligible to computer programs. For that reason, it has been called the “eyeball” Web. While the Web emerged as a World Wide repository of digitized information, by and large, the very same information is not available for automatic computation. In recent years two parallel efforts emerged that have the potential of overcoming this paradox: the first effort is the Semantic Web which provides the tools for the explicit markup of the content of Web pages; the second effort is the development of Web Services which results in a Web where programs act as independent agents to become the producers and consumers of information and enable automation of business transactions.In this talk I will focus on research that attempts to bridge the gap between the Web as we know it, the Semantic Web and Web services. Under this approach, I propose the vision of Web services as autonomous goal-directed agents which select other agents to interact with, and flexibly negotiate their interaction model, acting at times in client server mode, or at other times in peer to peer mode. The resulting Web services, that I call Autonomous Semantic Web services, utilize ontologies and semantically annotated Web pages to automate the fulfillment of tasks and transactions with other Web agents. In particular, Autonomous Semantic Web services use the Semantic Web to support capability based discovery and interoperation at run time. A first step towards this vision is the development of formal languages and inference mechanisms for representing and reasoning with core concepts of Web services. DAML-S (the Darpa Agent Markup Language for Services) is the first attempt to define such a language. I will give a brief overview of DAML-S and its relations with the Semantic Web and Web services. In addition, I will provide concrete examples of computational models of how DAML-S can be viewed as the first step in bridging the gap between the Semantic Web and current proposed industry standards for Web services. I will provide concrete examples of DAML-S in action, discuss challenges still open in the bridging between the Semantic Web and Web services and provide a roadmap to get us from today’s Web to the Web of autonomous Semantic Web services.KeywordsFormal LanguageCore ConceptDigitize InformationAutomatic ComputationBusiness TransactionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Googling for Health Information

What is and is not part of a web resource does not have a simple answer. Exploration of web resource boundaries have shown that people's assessments of resource bounds rely on understanding relationships between content fragments on the same web page and between content fragments on different web pages. This study explores whether such perceptions change based on whether the archive is for personal use or is institutional in nature. This survey explores user expectations when accessing archived web resources. Participants in the study were asked to assume they are making use of an archive provided by an institution tasked with preserving online resources, such as a digital archive that is part of the Library of Congress. Groups of pair web pages presented to the participants. Each group has a primary web page that is the resource being saved by the institutional archive. Each group has several subsequent parts or pages, which we will ask about. Consistent with our previous study on personal archiving, the primary-page content in the study comes from multi-page stories, multi-image collections, product pages with reviews and ratings on separate pages, and short single page writings. Participants were asked to assume the institutional archive wants to preserve the primary page and then answer what else they would expect to be saved along with the primary page. The results show that there are similar expectations for preserving continuations of the main content in personal and institutional archiving scenarios, institutional archives are more likely to be expected to preserve the context of the main content, such as additional linked content, advertisements, and author information.

The use of new methodologies in teaching and learning mathematics is very important, as it allows the creation of new possibilities for learning mathematical objects, favoring a more active student's interaction with knowledge. Web resources can be used as a teaching methodology to support mathematics learning for engineering students. With the main objective of evaluating the contribution of using a Web resource in approaching the thematic domain of Mathematical Analysis, more specifically, in calculating areas through the definite integral, a case study was implemented. In this study, through a web page, the aim was to assess the level of development of technological competencies, specific and transversal mathematical competencies, knowledge, and skills. It took place in a normal academic environment, with students from the 1.st year of the Degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Institute of Engineering of Coimbra. The analysis to which the data was subjected, collected through various information collection techniques and instruments, allowed us to conclude that the resources used to support the implemented didactic approach had positive repercussions in terms of technological and mathematical development related to the topics mentioned.

In modern Smart City ecosystems, the wave of Big data has offered the potential for cities to obtain actionable insights from a large amount of data, collected from heterogeneous sources. To cope with data variety and to support querying facilities and navigation, domain experts, who possess the knowledge required to understand data sources structure and content, resort to the definition of metadata layers, for reconciling terminological differences and resolving ambiguity of data sources attributes. To this aim, the adoption of Semantic Web technologies assures a unified view of heterogeneous data sources and improves data access, leveraging open standards for knowledge representation. In this paper, we propose an approach to create a semantic data layer over Smart City data sources. The approach is grounded on two main pillars: (i) a procedure, to build and manage the semantic layer; (ii) a tool, implementing the steps of the procedure, devoted to support domain experts. Results of an experimentation conducted on representative Smart City data sources demonstrated the effectiveness of the approach. In particular, the presence in our approach of a preliminary step regarding lexical enrichment of data source attributes helped increasing the retrieval of useful concepts from domain ontologies for attribute annotation. In addition, allowing domain experts to provide additional ontological knowledge by specialising or creating new concepts and semantic relationships fostered flexibility in the annotation procedure, facilitating the evolution of the semantic layer. Finally, the developed semi-automatic tool helped domain experts in the semantic annotation process by also providing validation support.

This paper reviews our R&D studies on meme media technologies and their application to Web resources. Meme media technologies make the Web work as a meme pool, where people can publish their intellectual resources as Web pages, access some Web pages to extract some of their portions as meme media objects through drag-and-drop operations, visually combine these meme media objects together with other meme media objects to compose new intellectual resources, and publish these resources again as Web pages. Such a visual composition through direct manipulation can define not only the layout of components, but also interoperations among these components.KeywordsAnchor NodePath ExpressionIntellectual ResourceSlot ConnectionLive CopyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Protein folding: Web alert

The exploding number of computational models produced by Systems Biologists over the last years is an invitation to structure and exploit this new wealth of information. Researchers would like to trace models relevant to specific scientific questions, to explore their biological content, to align and combine them, and to match them with experimental data. To automate these processes, it is essential to consider semantic annotations, which describe their biological meaning. As a prerequisite for a wide range of computational methods, we propose general and flexible similarity measures for Systems Biology models computed from semantic annotations. By using these measures and a large extensible ontology, we implement a platform that can retrieve, cluster, and align Systems Biology models and experimental data sets. At present, its major application is the search for relevant models in the BioModels Database, starting from initial models, data sets, or lists of biological concepts. Beyond similarity searches, the representation of models by semantic feature vectors may pave the way for visualisation, exploration, and statistical analysis of large collections of models and corresponding data.

Most of the existing malicious webpage detection technologies are single-mode, without considering the internal relationship between the content of the webpage and the image. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a malicious webpage detection technology based on Transformer-MDA-ESIM multi-modal fusion. Use the BERT model and the VGG16 model to extract the feature vectors of the content of the web page and the image. The two extracted feature vectors are input to the Transformer layer for encoding, which solves the problem of difficulty in capturing long-distance dependencies. The text semantics is enhanced by mining the connection between the content of the web page and the image through the dual attention mechanism of the semantic enhancement layer. The ESIM interactive attention layer is used to obtain the similar features of text content and images, realize the fusion of text features and image features and improve the model's ability to understand web pages. The experimental results show that this method has better performance in malicious webpage identification compared with single modality malicious webpage detection technology.

From the general SOA architectural pattern, through distributed computing based on Grids and Clouds, to the Internet of Things, the idea of collaboration between software entities, independent from their vendors and technologies, attracts much attention. This brings about a question: how to achieve interoperability among multiple (existing and upcoming) platforms/systems/applications. The context for the presented research is provided by the INTER-IoT project, which deals with different aspects of interoperability in the Internet of Things (IoT). It aims at the design and implementation of an open framework and associated methodology to provide interoperability among heterogeneous IoT platforms, across a software stack (devices, network, middleware, application services, data and semantics). We focus on the data and semantics layer. Specifically, the role of ontologies and semantic data processing, as means of achieving interoperability. However, since the vision of the Semantic Web remains mostly unfulfilled, semantics remains implicitly “hidden” data and in exchanged messages. Therefore, we are particularly interested in establishing what methods and tools exist to create OWL ontologies from implicitly expressed semantics. We focus on popular data formats i.e. XML, JSON, RDF, Relational Databases and NoSQL Databases.

The vision of the Semantic Web is to reduce manual discovery and usage of Web resources (documents and services) and to allow software agents to automatically identify these Web resources, integrate them and execute them for achieving the intended goals of the user. Such a composed Web service may be represented as a workflow, called service flow. Current studies of Web services are not sufficient for automatic composition. This paper presents different types of compositional knowledge required for Web service discovery and composition: syntactic, semantic and pragmatic knowledge. As a proof of concept, we have implemented our framework in a cardiovascular domain which requires advanced service discovery and composition across heterogeneous platforms of multiple organizations. Within this framework, we describe (1) How to represent the compositional knowledge, which plays a role in service discovery and composition, in DAML-S; (2) How heterogeneous medical services intemperate in a composed medical service flow. (3) To solve this knowledge level integration, we build on an ontology integration method called SEMIO (Semantic Interoperability).