Maintenance training course for biomedical/hospital technicians

Worldwide, sharp injuries remain the most common cause of exposure to blood and body fluids. Preventing this exposure to blood and body fluid is the most important strategy of minimizing transmission of Human immuno-deficiency virus, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections in health care setting. However, post exposure prophylaxis or management are key element of the complete program needed in preventing blood borne infections among HCWs. Post Exposure prophylaxis (PEP ) is any preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen (such as a disease-causing virus), in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of disease. Objectives: To assess the occurrence of sharp injuries, knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis among Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria. Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out among 492 Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used to recruit health care workers into this study and SPSS was used in data analysis. Results: More than one-third of the health care workers at the three levels of health care delivery reported having sharps injuries, however, majority (50.4%) of HCWs in the primary health care centres had more exposure to Blood and body fluids (BBFs) compared to the other level of care. A large proportion of the health care workers (HCWs) in the primary health care workers (83.7%) and more than half of their counter parts at the secondary health care (SHC) had poor knowledge of PEP compared to the teritiary health care (THC) where only 27.4% of the respondents had poor knowledge of PEP. Moreover, the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis was generally low at all levels of health care; it was higher (15.6%) among the PHC workers and least (14.30%) at the secondary health care level. Conclusion: Despite the essential and indispensable role of post exposure prophylaxis in controlling occupational blood borne infections (post exposure infections), it was sad to note that most of the HCWs had poor knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis. Also, most HCWs had sharp injuries during their course of patient care. Therefore, there is need for regular training and sensitization of HCWs on the principles of post exposure prophylaxis and adherence to standard precautions.

In this paper, the maintenance training characteristics and rules of a certain type of missile equipment is researched, and a framework for integrated maintenance training system for enhancing maintenance training effectiveness is constructed. The system can be equipped for teaching, information querying, system simulation, maintenance training etc. and it can be realized the individual training and military cooperation training. Introduction Because of missile equipment is a complex electronic equipment which has a broader professional field, higher system integration and more complex working relationship, there is a higher requirement for maintenance support of Missile equipment. Therefore, how to use information technology to improve the practice skills of equipment maintenance person and to upgrade efficiency of equipment maintenance training, how to explore the new equipment maintenance training mode which can adapt to the development equipment, have been a hot topic in which equipment maintenance field made great efforts to research. With the development of computer technology and virtual reality technology, the traditional method of maintenance training is replaced by the virtual maintenance technology. And now the virtual maintenance technology has become the main maintenance training method [1]. But at present maintenance training system is still in its infancy, the common problem is including: A. The research object is very simple The system is aimed at operation training for combination of machinery and equipment such as composition and decomposition etc, and is lack of maintenance training on the electrical electric performance of electronic equipment. B. The function of maintenance system is simple Its function is concentrated on the introduction, teaching, practice and soon on, and the system is not reflected the process of maintenance training. C. The training effect is not ideal Restricted by hardware development, there has a larger difference between the actual maintenance process and virtual maintenance training, so the maintenance person has a poor sense of training when using maintenance training system. D. The utility is not enough At present maintenance training system is mostly at the stage of laboratory, owing to the disadvantages such as higher costs of interactive device (helmet, sensors) and more complicate structure of the system, there is a lack of mature technology support for the practical application. E. The systemic research on maintenance theory and training mode is lack Nowadays, the research mainly focuses on solving material technical problem. Instead, the training pattern and system frame which is in order to improve the training effect are not much involved. In this paper, the maintenance training characteristics and rules of a certain type of missile equipment is researched, and a framework for integrated maintenance training system for enhancing International Conference on Intelligent Systems Research and Mechatronics Engineering (ISRME 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1298 maintenance training effectiveness is constructed. On this condition, a missile equipment maintenance training system used for army, maintenance agencies and colleges is developed. Structure of system Figure 1 is the whole structure of missile equipment maintenance training system. In the system, all the equipment resource data are stored in the data base server; the system is implemented by a combination of B/S and C/S soft patterns. Using B/S structure, the server port of the equipment information resource management platform is set on intelligent substation, in which all the teachers and students can connect equipment information resource management platform through a personal computer or maintenance guidance training unit to upload or download all kinds of equipment resource, courseware, test etc. Figure 1. Topology structure of general equipment maintenance training system Using C/S structure, the interactive development platform environment is mainly operated in the teacher's personal computer. Through which teacher can generate various kinds of courseware or tests and upload these data to the equipment information resource management platform. Similarly, using C/S structure, the teaching training platform environment is mainly operated in the maintenance instructions and maintenance training unit, by downloading different courseware or simulation training model to implement maintenance training and other functions. At the same time, it can be run on the personal computer to help students complete the self-learning function [2]. Finally, the maintenance training intelligent terminal guidance and training platform can cooperate to complete the function of maintenance process visualization instruction, fault injection, analog signal output. F. Organization, development of equipment maintenance information resource Figure 2. Structure diagram of interactive design platform Using C/S structure, Interactive design platform is mainly operated in the teacher's office client. The platform is designed for teacher to achieve the development and management function, in which teacher can describe and demonstrate the process information on the equipment structure, principle, equipment disassembly, interactive diagnosis, maintenance guide training by using some means such as text, graphics, tables, multimedia(video, audio, flash), 3Dmodel etc. On this condition, a set of simulation training platform including the mechanical fault analysis, electric fault analysis,

Introduction: Medical equipment is an indispensable part of hospitals. It is the basic condition and guarantee for the hospital to carry out medical services, scientific research, teaching, and other activities, and it plays an irreplaceable role in the entire medical process of the hospital. Therefore, the maintenance management of equipment is also the focus of our attention. In the past, traditional management methods such as paper were mainly used for equipment maintenance management, and it was difficult to share data.Methods: In today’s era of rapid development of information technology, we will use information technology to maintain and manage medical equipment. Through big data analysis and other technologies, the drawbacks of the existing traditional management methods are improved, so that medical equipment can be managed scientifically. By maximizing its functions, it can ensure the normal operation of medical facilities, improve the utilization rate and integrity rate of equipment, and reduce maintenance costs and unnecessary losses.Results: According to the research findings, based on the background of big data, a de-Bayesian network is used for data mining to build a medical equipment maintenance platform. Through the data in the platform, we can better discover the distribution and reasons of equipment maintenance, and at the same time conduct an analysis to provide reference for the formulation of preventive maintenance plans, reduce equipment failure rate and maintenance costs and improve equipment utilization. Through the survey of medical staff, we can also find that at least 40% of the people feel that the work distribution is more reasonable, and 45% of the people feel that the equipment failure rate and the time required for maintenance have been greatly reduced.Discussion: We can see that the network platform for medical equipment maintenance management built through big data is very feasible, which can help us work more effectively and improve work efficiency.

This paper deals with the development of standard In-service Training and Education of Users and Maintenance personnel on Medical Imaging Equipment in the health services of Bangladesh. Users and Maintenance personnel of equipment should be trained to do routine simple maintenance on equipment. This will increase user care of equipment and cooperation with maintenance technicians to reduce equipment breakdowns. At the same time, this will promote the culture of equipment care and maintenance to improve the quality of health care. Proper use and maintenance of medical equipment are essential to obtain sustained benefits and to preserve capital investment. In-service education and training have a direct impact on the quality of care. Various obstacles for expanding medical equipment use and maintenance capabilities in Bangladesh have been discussed. Proper operation and maintenance problems are complicated by the ever-increasing use of medical imaging equipment as health care is modernized. To date, the operation and maintenance situation in Bangladesh are getting worse and requires special attention. Use and maintenance capabilities are considered during the initial stage of making a decision to acquire equipment. Proper use and maintenance problems can be minimized through in-service training and education. The mission is to ensure that equipment used for patient care is safe, available, accurate, and affordable. In this paper, it has been described the problems and methodology to improve the existing in-service training and education of users and maintenance personnel on MIE. In this study, we designed a framework of in-service training and education of medical imaging equipment (MIE) uses and maintenance system used for in-house clinical engineering department.

The Staffing Challenges Older Nurses Face Now, and in the Future

In order for the Health Technology Management Policy at the state level to be successfully implemented, first of all, adequate personnel are necessary, and among these, biomedical engineers play an important role. Biomedical engineers (clinical engineers) work in a wide range of settings and disciplines in the health sector and play a key role in: innovation, design and development of new technologies in health care; testing, implementation and development of new diagnostic tools and medical equipment; defining safety standards for medical equipment; maintenance of (complex) medical equipment. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia labeled the biomedical engineering workforce as a "critical workforce". This critical workforce is defined as "a workforce that contributes to critical and essential elements of health technology management, especially in the domain of maintenance and replacement of (complex) medical equipment, now and in the future".

Most things are driven by money. A constant and recurring theme in hospitals is how the monies for medical equipment maintenance should be budgeted and managed. There are two main schools of thought. Distributed model: All charges are paid by the department that uses the services. This means that surgery would budget and pay for all surgery expenses, parts, and contracts. Centralized model: All costs are centralized into a single medical equipment maintenance budget, controlled by biomedical engineering. This budget includes all in-house costs, external costs, contracts, and all overhead for biomedical engineering department operations. In the decentralized model, finance allocates all expenses as closely as possible to the departments that generate the revenue. However, in order for product managers to set rates and manage expenses, they need to have ALL of the expense data to analyze. Missing such a large part like equipment maintenance costs would skew the break-even point and lead to incorrect pricing. The benefits to the centralized system include: 1. The biomedical manager or director is a service management professional. His or her job, training, and professional life have been spent in the maintenance, repair, and support of patient care equipment. Who in the hospital can better oversee contracts, parts, and outside maintenance? A surgery manager whose main focus is patient care, not equipment costs and performance, is not the optimal person to manage equipment costs. 2. A central budget allows decisions to be made across departmental lines. The same type of equipment is owned and used by many different departments in the hospital. The decisions and choices made by a single department are often different than if the entire facility is considered. 3. Outside vendors will always be used to some extent. These vendors must be monitored and their work added to the comprehensive medical device record. Compliance and cooperation from the outside vendors cannot be attained except by the person responsible for paying for the service. 4. Unless the funds are in the biomedical department budget, they will not be closely watched and scrutinized. Clinical department managers do not focus on maintenance activities. But a biomedical manager who must meet budget and explain variances can more effectively manage a single cost center than try to manage the costs of 30 or 40 subaccounts scattered across the institution. 5. If hospitals are ever to consider less costly (and often more effective) service options than the original equipment manufacturer, the control and oversight must be given to the biomedical department. 6. As required by the Joint Commission, every biomedical department maintains a complete and upto-date medical equipment inventory. The software that keeps this inventory generally has the ability to track costs of every medical device and generate reports of labor and parts costs. These reports can be as granular as necessary, all the way to the device level, or summarized for each department. These reports can be the charge-back mechanism product line managers need to identify and manage their department costs. If a hospital is going to employ a professional manager of medical equipment service, that hospital must not tie his or her hands by removing the most powerful tool available—the money to negotiate and control costs and activities of outside companies and vendors. A centralized medical equipment maintenance budget in the hand of a professional biomedical manager is the best and cheapest way to care for your equipment. n

BackgroundThe real-world application of maintenance in organisations brings together a number of maintenance policies in order to achieve the desired availability, efficiency and profitability. However, the literature mostly chooses a single maintenance policy, and so the decision process is not suited to the real conditions in the company to which it is applied. Our study takes a combination of maintenance policies as alternatives, and so conforms to the actual practice of maintenance in organisations. Furthermore, it introduces the possibility of including extra spare parts, or outsourcing maintenance policies. Although the selection of maintenance policies has been applied to many kinds of business and of machine, there is almost no instance of its application to hospitals, and it has never been applied to delivery systems for cytostatic drugs.MethodsThe model uses the fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), which is recognised as being highly suitable for solving group decision-making problems in a fuzzy environment. Fuzzy set theory is also considered to be more proficient than crisp numbers for handling the ambiguity, imprecisions, data scarcity, and uncertainty inherent in decisions made by human beings. The judgements required were obtained from a decision group comprising the heads of facilities maintenance, maintenance of medical equipment, health and safety at work, environment, and programming-admission. The group also included care staff; specifically, the heads of the main clinical services, and the medical supervisors. The model includes original criteria, such as Quality of health care, which measures impact on care as a function of mean availability of each alternative. It also considers Impact on hospital management via the criteria: Working environment in the organisation and Impact on health care; the former criterion measures equality among care services in the hospital, while the latter assesses the effect on regional health cover. The model was built using real data obtained from a state hospital in Spain. The model can also be easily applied to other national and international healthcare organisations, providing weights specific to the criteria. These are produced by a decision group from each healthcare organisation and the alternatives are updated in accordance with what is considered important in each hospital.ResultsThe results obtained from the model recommend changing the alternative that is currently in use, Corrective and Preventive Maintenance, to Corrective and Preventive Maintenance plus two spare hoods. This alternative would lead to an availability of 1 (the highest possible) in the systems for preparing personalised cytotoxic drugs, and so the quality of service is therefore very high. Additionally, it could offer services to all the users of the hospital, and also offer cover in the preparation of cytotoxic medicines to other hospitals in the catchment area.ConclusionsThe results suggest the possibility that improvements to the support and logistical systems, which include maintenance, traditionally held to have no effect on quality of care, may be key to improving care quality, but also in reducing risk to patients, care and non-care staff, and the environment.

The hospital organization currently uses several technologies, requering care and study of qualified professionals of Clinical Engineering. However, increasing the availability of technologies in Health Care Facilities (HCF) is always a great challenge. An important tool to find this objective is the programs of preventive maintenance (PM) of Medical Assistance Equipment (MAE). Thus, aiming to increase availability of MAE, this work presents the restructuring of PM programming, in a large public hospital with high complexity. The study was carried out at the Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlndia (HCU-UFU), using 11 Medical Assistance Equipment from 24 different families. The method used was based on the study of the operational and technical manuals of the equipment, current technical standards, previous preventive maintenance of the MAE, experience of the Clinical Engineering professionals of the HCU-UFU BioEngenharia and the needs of the HCF. Periodicity suggested in the manuals were altered due to the number of technicians available for maintenance, the quantity and availability of MAE, and the cost of parts and accessories for the execution of PM. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) were also developed for each preventive maintenance of MAE. The preventive maintenance presented in this work are registered and it is working at HCU-UFU BioEngenharia and they are working effectively, which is confirmed by two ways.

Leading With Grace: Building an Accountable Team

IntroductionPlasma cholesterol and triglycerides are clinically important because their abnormally high levels are major treatable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, general knowledge, and attitudes about regular lipid profile screening among adult individuals in Al-Riyadh.Material and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study collected by convenience sampling method. Residents of Riyadh region older than 20 years were targeted through an electronic questionnaire distributed via Twitter and WhatsApp. The study was conducted between November 28, 2016 and December 31, 2016. Study results were analysed using the SPSS system.ResultsThis study included 1383 participants; 646 (46.7%) were male and 737 (53.3%) female. Of them, 905 (65.4%) did not screen for their lipid profiles, while 478 (34.6%) screened. A visit to a primary health care facility or hospital was the reason for screening of lipid profile in 195 (14.1%) of the participants, whereas 64 (4.6%) of them were ordered by doctors.ConclusionsMore educated participants were found to be more aware of the importance of screening lipid profile. Our results reflect poor awareness among the population regarding the importance of regular screening of lipid profiles. A visit to primary health care or hospital was the most frequent reason for screening of lipid profile. Screening lipid profiles was predominant among males and it was significantly related to the gender, age, and educational level. This shows the strong need in the community for health education about the importance of screening lipid profile at different levels of health care delivery.

Roots of Iraq's maternal and child health crisis run deep

The best quality of services provided by health care facilities can be realized if medical devices are in a reliable and safe condition. A large number of medical devices and the use of various types of medical devices have been a problem for hospital management to decide the level of priority in carrying out medical equipment maintenance. The purpose of the maintenance is to increase their availability and to reduce maintenance costs. This study aims to show how to determine the priority level of medical device maintenance based on the calculation of the criticality scores of medical devices. The criticality scores are obtained based on the assessment of criteria, sub-criteria, and grade by using the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The devices with higher critical weight take higher priority for maintenance than devices with lower critical weight. The approach was applied for 20 medical devices at the Out Patient Department of Eye Hospital in Jakarta to describe how to prioritize the maintenance of medical devices.

A key limiting factor in the scale up and sustainability of HIV care and treatment programmes is the global shortage of trained health care workers. This paper discusses why it is important to move beyond conceptualising health care workers simply as 'inputs' in the delivery of HIV treatment and care, and to also consider their roles as partners and agents in the process of health care. It suggests a framework for thinking about their roles and responses in HIV care, considers the current evidence base, and concludes by identifying key areas for future research on health care workers' responses in HIV treatment and care in low and middle income settings.

Background : Antenatal care, the care that a woman receives during pregnancy, helps to ensure healthy outcomes for mother and newborns. Utilization of antenatal care services is the basic component of maternal care on which the life of mothers and babies depend.Objectives : To find out the utilization of antenatal care services in a selected rural area in Bangladesh.Methodology : Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January to June 2014’ A total 199 married women of reproductive age who had a live baby below 5years of age, were selected purposively from village Islampur in Dhamrai Upzilla under Dhaka district. Data were collected by face to face interview using a pre-tested structured questionnaire.Result : The study revealed that 94.97% utilized ANC services among them 44.72% visited for ANC more than 4 times, 20.10% for 4 times and 30.15% less than 4 times during pregnancy. Health care centre was within walking distance. Most of them were young women aged between 23-27 years (45.72%) and 18-22 years (36.18%). Majority (33.16%) was educated up to secondary level but 83.42% were house wife. Economic status was lower economic group. Half of the respondents (52%) took ANC on their own and permission of husband and 95.97% received special care from their family during pregnancy. For birth planning 86.83% planned health provider to conduct delivery and 71.36% wanted hospital delivery. Majority (97.98%) took birth preparedness during pregnancy and 55% received antenatal care from qualified doctor. About 87% found them available on duty and good behavior was found by 70.90% respondents. Information about danger signs during pregnancy were received by 77.89% of the respondents.Conclusion : Utilization of Antenatal care service was higher in the study area. Most of the mothers had idea about benefit of ANC. Mother's education, family support, behaviour, availability of health care service provider and distance of health centre influence higher utilization. Therefore, to strengthen and intensify the ANC service at all level of health care delivery throughout the country is necessary for sustainability and targeting suboptimum ANC utilization group.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 25-28