Managing CSR Stakeholder Engagement: A New Conceptual Framework

The main aim of this review is to explore the corporate social responsibility practices and stakeholders’ awareness about firms’ CSR in Ethiopia. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) came into existence because of the impracticability of market economy and thus transfers some of the government and NGO’s responsibility to private sector is required particularly in developing nations. Since the living standard of the society is low in emerging economies, the CSR expected from business firm is much higher than it is used to be in advanced economy. Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries and thus, the involvement of private sector is very crucial since government does not fulfill all needs of the society. In one way or another, businesses are economic entities that have the ability to change CSR activities into business opportunities. Several studies suggest that companies may receive external benefits from implementing CSR policies. However, the success of practicing CSRs depends upon the level of stakeholders’ awareness. Specifically, in conducting the survey the reviewer was motivated by the following research questions which constitute the objectives of the article: (1) where do firms in Ethiopia categorized in the Carroll’s 1991 pyramid; and (2) what was the level of awareness of different stakeholders in the country. Therefore, this review explores the CSR practices of firms and the level of stakeholders’ awareness about the concept in Ethiopia. The paper employed qualitative research approach by reviewing 16 research articles which address CSR policies of firms in Ethiopia. The finding shows, the most important stakeholder considered by firms are customers which contribute to profitability. This shows the fact that firms in Ethiopia are in the lower-level of Carroll’s CSR pyramid: economic responsibility. Furthermore, the level of stakeholders’ awareness regarding the firms’ CSR practice in Ethiopia is low. To summarize, corporate social responsibility practice in Ethiopia is at its infancy stage and thus, need much more improvement from both firms and the government. 
 
 
 

PurposeBusiness firms operate in society not only for market gains but also for generating positive social externalities. Civil society organisations (CSO) have helped society to develop across various spheres of influence. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) ushered in an era wherein both business economic objectives as well as socio-environmental responsibilities of firms were prioritized simultaneously. The path of firms and CSOs intersected through CSR. In this work, the authors develop a typology on firm–CSO collaboration regarding CSR initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThe authors through a twin approach of systematic literature review (SLR) with qualitative study developed a categorization of collaborations between a firm and a CSO in the context of CSR engagements. Apart from the SLR, the authors undertook two focus group discussions (FGD) with CSR experts (engaged in firm–CSO collaboration). This was done with a semi-structured discussion agenda frame. The data were content analysed for thematic aspects. Thus, both SLR as well as FGD outputs were considered for the study results.FindingsThe authors found six elements in firm–CSO collaboration and seven archetypes of collaboration. The six elements were CSR action elements (CSRAE) consisting of CSR agenda (CSRA), CSR resources (CSRR), CSR capabilities (CSRC), CSR Pprocess (CSRP), CSR monitoring (CSRM) and CSR stakeholder engagement (CSRSE). The seven typologies were CSO as auditor , outsourcing of CSR , CSO-driven CSR, joint CSR, support to CSO for CSR ,guided support to CSO and coordinated CSR.Research limitations/implicationsDoty and Glick, (1994) had undertaken a seminal work on theory building based upon the unique method of application of typologies. Doty and Glick, (1994) elucidated how application of typologies could through a typology study enhance the scope and level for understanding and modelling in a contextual domain involving theory. This study was a step in this direction in the context of firm–CSO collaboration in the context of CSR initiatives.Practical implicationsThis study would help managers from both CSOs and business firms to comprehend in which sphere they were required to collaborate like in resource /capabilities deployment or in designing CSR agendas or CSR process or CSR monitoring or in stakeholder engagement during CSR management. This typology would enable managers to comprehend what would be the most suitable form of collaboration between a firm and a CSO for a specific CSR engagement.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that theorizes regarding firm–CSO collaboration in the context of CSR initiatives both in terms of the collaboration building block elements as well as typology presented.

Objectives: This study aims to explain (1) Islamic business ethics and corporate responsibility for sustainable development goals, as well as (2) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in the BTM Mulia Babat KKS in the context of Islamic business ethics. Theoretical Framework: Islamic business ethics, which includes the values of honesty, fairness, and belonging, are considered essential to achieving business success. CSR is a corporate social responsibility that aims to increase corporate value and shareholder welfare. With a commitment to sustainable economic development, CSR integrates social responsibility in business operations. The framework of this research relates the implementation of Islamic business ethics to CSR practices, as well as how this impacts the company's value and stakeholder well-being. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of field research. Data was collected through observations, interviews, and documentation related to CSR practices at KKS BTM Mulia Babat. Results and Discussion: The results of the study show that: Islamic business ethics has five basic axioms: unity, balance, free will, virtue, and responsibility. The implementation of CSR at KKS BTM Mulia Babat has been carried out by the principles of Islamic business ethics. This includes responsibility to consumers, employees, investors, and the environment. Research Implications: The findings of this study indicate that the application of Islamic business ethics in CSR can increase corporate value and shareholder welfare and contribute to sustainable economic development. In addition, it can be a model for other companies to integrate Islamic business ethics into their CSR practices. Novelty/Originality: The uniqueness of this research lies in the combination of the concept of Islamic business ethics with CSR practices in the context of the BTM Mulia Babat KKS company. This research provides new insights into how Islamic values can be effectively integrated in modern business operations to achieve better social and environmental well-being.

IntroductionRecruitment with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) - a widely utilized Human Resource Management (HRM) tool - is, in theory, a standard practice in all kinds of organizations. We should therefore expect that it will base on the available scientific knowledge concerning image formation by employers, hence specifically on activities of a symbolic value for potential candidates. CSR research and the role that media and professional reports assign to presenting CSR-related activities suggest that well-managed organizations should make wide use of these activities, also for creating their image as employers.The goal of this text is to establish whether this suggestion is applicable also for large Polish enterprises, as the research on CSR activities done in Poland and role of these activities in Polish enterprises leads to divergent results - some authors conclude that their role in company strategies are important (Skrzypek & Saadi, 2014; Żychlewicz, 2015), but some - show them to be superficial (Leszczynska, 2011) and small in scale (Cyran & Dybka, 2015). The article presents the results of two empirical studies. The websites of 300 of the largest enterprises in the country were observed to check how many of them use modern tools during e-recruitment, and specifically - how many of them describe their CSR-related activities on their websites. The second study verified whether potential candidates in Poland are sensitive to CSR-related information, i.e. whether placing such information on their website increases the attractiveness of the enterprise as a potential employer. An e-questionnaire filled out by 1054 young people verified that information concerning CSR activities increases the attractiveness of the enterprise as a potential employer not only among people professing values on which CSR is based, but among bigger groups of respondents. Additionally, no gender differences were found, which is consistent with some previous research from a non-European context and different from German sample results. Monitoring of websites however showed that the largest Polish enterprises do not make full use of the possibilities e-recruitment offers.The text is organized as follows. The first part describes Corporate Social Responsibility and presents a discussion of the utility of activities in this area for business, and for business in Poland in particular. Part 2 describes arguments for the belief that placing easily accessible information about CSR activities on websites is a rational strategy during erecruitment. Part 3 presents methodology and research hypotheses, and part 4 the results. Part 5 discusses the results and presents conclusions. A first version of the article was presented at the Strategica conference in Bucharest, 2016 (citations are not marked in the following text).1.Corporate Social Responsibility as a tool for creating a positive image of the companyThe concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was introduced under this name in the mid-1950s, although CSR practices were relatively widely in use in the XIX century (Husted, 2014). It was defined as the responsibility an enterprise had for its impact on the environment in which it functioned, at first personified by the entrepreneur or CEO, but later taken to mean the activities of the enterprise as a whole. This company environment is generally divided into the closest surroundings (local community), own employees, the natural environment and variously marginalized groups. Any of a company's activities aimed at improving the situation of these stakeholders are considered CSR activities.An ongoing discussion continues whether enterprises should take into consideration their impact on their environment and care for its well-being, and for what reason. A second issue concerns whether the company should be a good citizen because this is considered right (autotelic CSR), or because CSR activities are rewarded and improve the company's well-being, for example its financial status or market share (CSR activity is instrumental), which could be phrased as doing good leads to being well (Margolis). …

Goal: this в paper investigates the diversity of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in the Russian context. The purpose of this paper is to study how a heterogeneous context, commonly found in rising economies, shapes the emerging CSR practices of business organizations operating in Russia. Methodology: an institutional perspective that draws on the contextual multilevel approach guides our study. In our theoretical framing we assume that organizational fields play a key role in shaping CSR practices. This is applied to empirical investigation of organizational CSR practices. To inform our analysis we used desk research and an empirical dataset that consists of interviews with local business owners and managers representing a wide range of business organizations operating in Russia. Findings: based on an exploratory qualitative inquiry, we distinguish between four types of organizational CSR practices co-existing in Russia: global, crossvergent, authentic and irresponsible. Our findings demonstrate that business organizations populating one organizational field share homogeneous characteristics of CSR practices. Originality and contribution: the distinctions among CSR practices of business organizations belonging to different organizational fields are explained by the markets where they operate, core stakeholders, response mechanisms to prevailing institutional pressures and the dominant legacy of CSR.

This paper seeks to identify the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices adopted by the selected dominant Indian Public Banks, Indian Private Banks & Foreign Banks Operating in India. One on hand of the research analysis, is the Banking Sector – a dominant service industry in India, that contributes considerably towards India’s growth by maintaining the equilibrium in the financial ecosystem, and on the other side of the research, is the contemporary concept of CSR, where the society, government and corporates have joint interest and leverage. And therefore, it will be quite interesting to review the CSR practices adopted by Banking Sector. In the present study, the researcher analyzes & compares the CSR practices adopted by the sample Banks with respect to CSR Spending and CSR Reporting patterns. Further, it is endeavored to determine the most preferred and most neglected CSR areas by the sample banks. And thereby some suggestions are presented to improve the CSR practices to better serve the society and fulfill the CSR legal obligations as per the Companies Act, 2013. The results of the study confirm that Indian Private Banks are the most compliant towards CSR spending & Reporting and the most preferred CSR areas are regular CSR areas of: Healthcare, Education, Environmental Sustainability etc., and most neglected CSR areas are also continuously same: Contributions to Technology Incubators, Slum Development Projects etc.

With the varied definitions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) we examine the motivation for firms’ CSR activities, how firms credibly demonstrate CSR, and firms’ CSR reporting. These three topics, i.e., why firms participate, how firms participate, and CSR reporting rubrics, help describe and explain the core question of this chapter: what is the practice of CSR in the United States (US)? We argue that the practice of CSR in the US is evolving and accelerating at an uneven pace across industries and within firms because of differences in beliefs in CSR, leadership, employee pressures, government demands, and community input. This chapter suggests examining specific stakeholder relations and how firms cocreate value that leads to a more nuanced view of CSR. The practice of CSR in the US continues to be a matter of choice within a market-driven economy. This freedom to choose underlies many CSR activities. CSR for consumers may include better, safer, and quality products. For employees, CSR is about pride, retention, and being an employer of choice. CSR is a differentiator from rival firms – especially in fiercely competitive markets. For policy makers, CSR is about building trust, credibility, and repetitive access. For suppliers, CSR is about being the partner of choice. And for communities, CSR is about pride, sponsorships, and inclusion. CSR in U.S. firms is the sum of these stakeholder systems plus the innovative creativity resulting in new product/markets to serve shifting social demands.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very important topic in the present competitive business environment. The aim of this exploratory study is to capture the current status of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) awareness, commitment and practices level of tea manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka and assessing the socioeconomic impact of company CSR on employees and smallholders. The study provides an overview of company CSR practices as well as of employee and smallholder experiences and perceptions of CSR practices of tea manufacturing companies. The research study is based on Kandy district and three perspectives factory owners, employees and smallholders were used in exploring the CSR level and its socioeconomic impact. To achieve the research objectives tea manufacturing company’s CSR practices are studied in three domains: CSR to employees, smallholders and environment. The researcher used mixed method comprising both quantitative and qualitative elements. There is a positive relationship between tea manufacturing company CSR level and the socioeconomic condition of employee and the smallholders. When it consider about the overall situation, current CSR practices of tea manufacturing companies have not made a positive impact on socioeconomic development of employees and smallholders. Tea manufacturing companies should consider CSR strategies that are in the interest of all stakeholders and relevant to the business.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/kjm.v2i1.6546 Kelaniya Journal of Management Vol.2(1) 2013:113-142

In general, consumers show a growing interest in business activities that go beyond the strictly economic, such as environmental and social initiatives. Thus, implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in companies has gained relevance in recent years. This study analyzed how the perception of CSR affects consumer attitude in the multichannel technology retail sector. A quantitative research approach was employed to analyze primary data, which enabled the testing of hypotheses by estimating a structural equation model. The results confirmed that CSR initiatives have a direct and positive impact on consumer behavior, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the link and guides companies toward implementing CSR policies to improve their outcomes. Additionally, it is identified that consumer skepticism moderates the relationship between perceived CSR and brand attitude, highlighting the importance of transparency and authenticity in communicating information about CSR practices.

To examine the current practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by the Thai business sector regarding environmental protection and sustainable resource management. It particularly looked at the limitations and constraints faced by the private sector, and the role of the state and civil society concerning to adoption of CSR practice in Thailand. The information used in the study was collected through documentary research and interview with key informants: three Thai businesses with an established reputation for CSR practice, an environmental NGO, and a governmental organization responsible for promoting CSR in Thailand. The findings revealed that there was a mutual and advanced understanding of the concept and practices of CSR among all participants. With regards to interaction between different sectors, the study showed that the respondents viewed that the CSR movement in Thailand corresponds with a trend towards more participatory policy-making and stakeholder involvement in the area of environmental standard. With regards to limitations, the study revealed discrepancies between large and small organizations, as well as variations across sectors. This is due to the lack of rational or cultural institutional environment to support or encourage CSR practice, resulting in disadvantage for small-scale enterprises engaging in beyond-compliance environmental protection. The different capacities between large and small organizations were reflected in their different approaches to CSR practice. While large business organizations adopted a ‘reformist’ approach, the smaller business took a ‘radical’ approach to CSR practice. However, the radical approach to CSR, which is based on local resource and capacity, is likely to be the most appropriate method for a developing country such as Thailand. Finally, this study recommended that the public, private, and civil society sectors should cooperate to establish measures, particularly the necessary regulatory framework and verification mechanisms, in order to support fair and transparent CSR practice in environmental protection and sustainable resource management by all Thai businesses.

The main objective of this chapter is to explore how the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices is associated with firm innovativeness, utilising a rich data survey of 3,500 Greek SMEs. Furthermore, by classifying SMEs into two groups, the high-performing and low-performing in terms of CSR, we explore whether and in which way the application of CSR moderates the relationship between innovation inputs (such as R&D expenditure and R&D collaboration) and innovation output. The findings obtained from the first stage of our analysis suggest that CSR practices drive the innovation process as well as the innovation output of SMEs, supporting thus SDG9. The empirical results obtained from the second stage of analysis indicate that the wide adoption of CSR practices may stand as an alternative way to established and more expensive drivers of innovation output in adverse times when firms lack financial resources especially in crisis-hit economies such as the case of Greece.

PurposeThe research aims to profoundly investigate the correlation between uncertainty-fear against COVID-19, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and labor practices issues based on ISO 26000.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted for data analysis and hypotheses testing on a sample of 304 managers and employees in the Egyptian small and medium enterprises (SMEs).FindingsPreliminary results indicate that the uncertainty-fear against COVID-19 positively affects CSR practices in SMEs. CSR positively impacts labor practices dimensions. However, CSR has an insignificant effect on the social protection and work condition dimension. Also, CSR has a significant mediating role in the association between uncertainty-fear toward the pandemic and labor practices. But, this relation is insignificant regarding social protection and work condition dimension.Practical implicationsManagers could develop a consistent strategy for applying CSR practices, providing clear information and focusing on their procedures to protect their workforce during COVID-19. Governments should impose policies to guarantee that all employees have the same opportunities and not discriminate directly or indirectly in any labor practice.Originality/valueBased on both the “stakeholder” and “social-cognitive” theories, this study shed light on the optimistic side of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it also brings the concepts of social responsibility, sustainability and green practices back into the light, which helps in solving labor issues.

Linking corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and organizational performance in the construction industry: A resource collaboration network

Given the increasing importance of the role played by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) within the developing economy, this paper intends to provide further insight into corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices among SMEs. Within this context, the purpose is to propose the role of non-audit services (NAS), which contribute to the possible explanation of the SME adoption of CSR practices. A conceptual approach is taken whereby this paper is based on an extensive literature review of NAS and CSR practices in the SME context. Then, based on the knowledge-based view (KBV), this paper set to explain and highlight the role of NAS play to enhance CSR practices among SMEs. This paper provides a theoretical discussion on the importance of CSR in ensuring the survival of the SMEs. Although the proposition of NAS is relatively new, it provides an interesting and remarkable avenue for further research especially in the developing country. Overall, this paper draws attention to the importance of NAS in enhancing the survival and performance of the SMEs.

This article discusses the evolution of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), whose origins can be traced back to Roman law. CSR, in its modern form, developed during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with significant contributions from Howard R. Bowen and William C. Frederick. Contemporary CSR encompasses three key aspects: economic, social, and environmental. In international law, it is a voluntary business self-regulation model that promotes actions beyond the minimum legal requirements. This article also presents various categories of CSR, such as philanthropy, ethical responsibility, environmental responsibility, and economic responsibility, and provides examples of modern CSR practices. This concept is an important tool for building corporate reputation and enhancing customer and employee loyalty. The article concludes by outlining future trends in CSR, which may include greater transparency and innovative approaches to managing social and environmental impacts.