Manga content extraction method for automatic mobile comic content creation

In user interface design a common pitfall is to use the technical properties of the device as basis for the design, which easily causes a user interface to become too complicated and hard to use. Also, the great development in the area of different hand-held terminal devices has set new requirements for user interfaces: screen sizes of devices are very small, advanced I/O devices are used instead of ordinary mouse and keyboard and the operating environment of the devices differs significantly from familiar PCs and laptops. However, governmental and in particular military communications systems often trail behind this development. To be able to overcome the aforementioned challenges and take usability of governmental communication systems to a new level, a new approach is needed. This paper covers user-centered design of graphical user interfaces to advanced communication devices designed to be used in challenging environment, e.g., in moving vehicles and outdoors in any season, and to support devices with limited screen size and touch screen technology. We also introduce a proof-of-concept implementation and show through a user test that general principles introduced in the paper can easily be applied to a specialized communication device.

Screen technologies have been found to have adverse outcomes on people’s well-being and mental health if used excessively however findings have varied depending on the screen type being assessed. The impact of prolonged TV-watching on mental health has been well established, whereas the influence of computers, the internet, and mobile phones is still being debated. Research exploring total screen use in adults is surprisingly lacking. The current study examined the relationship between Screen Time and well-being in adults, including positive relationships, meaning, and loneliness. The study is possibly the first to investigate how much pleasure and meaning people feel during screen use and their mediating effects. Using a correlational study design, participants (N = 139) reported their hours spent on all screen devices per day, how much pleasure and meaning they experience during screen use on average, and their general well-being levels. Screen Time was not found to be significantly correlated with well-being; and screen use experiences did not mediate any of the screen time and well-being relationships. However, screen use meaning was positively associated with overall well-being and positive relationships. This finding prompts a review of the importance of screen time for well-being, suggesting that this may be a limited approach. Other factors related to screen quality may be equal if not more important for well-being. Limitations and implications for maintaining or enhancing well-being while using screen devices are discussed.

Relationship between screen time and sleep among Finnish preschool children: results from the DAGIS study

The Android platform is designed to operate on a variety of different device types, screen sizes, and screen resolutions. To assist developers in meeting this challenge, Android provides a rich toolkit of user interface components to utilize and customize to the needs of their specific application. Android also relies very heavily on an extensible XML framework and set resource qualifiers to create liquid layouts that can adapt to these environmental changes. In this chapter, we take a look at some practical ways to shape this framework to fit your specific development needs.KeywordsJava CodeOutput AreaUser PressPublic ClassCustom WidgetThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The Android platform is designed to operate on a variety of device types, screen sizes, and screen resolutions. To assist developers in meeting this challenge, Android provides a rich toolkit of user interface (UI) components to utilize and customize to the needs of their specific applications. Android also relies very heavily on an extensible XML framework and set resource qualifiers to create liquid layouts that can adapt to these environmental changes. In this chapter, we take a look at some practical ways to shape this framework to fit your specific development needs.KeywordsContent ViewCustom ViewPublic ClassCustom ThemeWindow FeatureThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The modernization of technology today has raised concerns among parents and health professionals about its probable impact on children's sleep, vision, behavior, and school performance. This study explores the effects of digital screen use on children's health and behavior, focusing on screen time duration, parental screen use, device types, and supervision. It examines key risk factors and correlations. A descriptive study design was used to explore the impacts of digital screen usage on children's health and behavior. Parents of 580 children aged 1-12 years from Duhok City, Iraq, were included. The data were collected through online questionnaires to parents addressing demographic data, screen time, and physical and behavioral issues. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used to analyze the variables, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 580 children were involved in this study. The majority (41.6%) were aged 1-3 years, with 59.7% were male. The phone was the most commonly used (39.0%) device and 38.8% of children owned a digital device; 59.5% of parents reported moderate control over screen time, and most of them (46.4%) had secondary or institute education. Post-device use, 51% of parents reported no change in cognition, but 27.6% reported worse cognition and 41.2% noted increased nervousness. Approximately 45.9% of parents supervised screen time. Supervision did not appear to significantly influence sleep disturbances as compared to unsupervised (39.1% vs.33.1%, p=0.135). However, eye problems showed a significant correlation (66.9% vs. 76.4%, p=0.009). Younger parents (25-35 years) were more likely to monitor screen time (58.6%) compared to older parents (>36 years, 23.3%). Regression analysis confirms parents' own screen time notably predicted children's screen time (B=0.155, p<0.001). These findings highlight the importance of parental behavior in influencing children's screen habits and health outcomes. This study reveals the significant impact of parental screen time on children's digital habits and health outcomes. The findings suggest that children with supervised screen time have fewer sleep and eye problems. Younger parents are more likely to control their children's screen time, highlighting the role of parental involvement. The results highlight the need for evidence-based guidelines and increased awareness to manage screen time effectively, promoting healthier growth in children.

ABSTRACTBandwidth is still a limiting factor for the Quality of Service (QoS) of mobile communication applications. In particular, for Voice over IP the QoS is not yet as good as for common, well-engineered, public-switched telephone networks. Multisensory communication has been identified as a possibility to moderate this limitation. One of the strengths of mobile video technology lies in its combination of visual and auditory modalities. However, one of the most salient features of mobile video applications is its small screen size. To test the potential of multimodal synergy for mobile devices, we assessed to what extent small screens affect multimodal synergy. This potential was assessed in an experiment with 54 participants, who conducted a standardised video-listening test for three talking-heads videos with a signal-to-noise ratio of –9 dB. The videos were presented on three different screen sizes, whilst keeping the video and auditory signals equal. Compared to a ground truth based on 359 participants, intelligibility was found to be significantly higher when using a large screen than when using a small screen. This indicates that mobile video technology has the potential for a significant multimodal synergy to which screen size is a substantial constraint. To optimally benefit from their multimodal potential, we offer suggestions on how to increase the effective screen size for small screen (e.g. mobile) devices and applications through elaborating the most relevant (visual) features. We conclude that knowledge about human sensory processing can alleviate the identified constraint and maximise the potential QoS of mobile video technology.

Introduction Children worldwide are being exposed to larger amounts of screen activities, and at younger ages, despite increasing evidence that excessive use of screen devices has negative impacts on child health and development. We previously presented data from our cohort study that showed that the presence of bedroom screen devices and screen use before 18 months of age resulted in more behavioural difficulties at preschool age, and the effect was mediated by sleep difficulties. How parental screen time and attitudes towards screen use could significantly shape a child’s screen use was not yet explored, yet could potentially be an avenue for effective intervention. The aim of this sub-study was to investigate the relationships between parental screen time, as well as screen use attitudes, and screen use in preschool children. Methods Parents of 460 children attending a developmental clinic completed an in-house screen use questionnaire, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Results The mean age of the children was 3.68 years and 75.0% were boys. 73.5% were Chinese, 94.6% of parents married, with 70.4% of mothers holding a diploma or higher. The main primary diagnoses of the children were Autism Spectrum Disorder (32.4%), Speech Language Disorders (30.0%), and Behavioural Disorders (17.0%). The average daily child screen time was 3.79 hours and for parents, 5.42 hours. Daily child screen time positively correlated with daily parental screen time (r=0.26, p Conclusion Screen use in preschool children is related to their parents’ screen use duration and attitudes towards screen devices. Parental psychoeducation regarding healthier screen use in children is warranted.

Background of the study: Excessive use of screen device may lead to health problems use of screen media has a wide range of cognitive consequence with both beneficial and determent effects. Screen can improve education learning; however, too much screen time spent in front of a screen and multitasking with other media has been related to worse executive functioning and academic performance. Excessive screen usage has effects on sleep, mental health conditions including depression and anxiety. it can abstract the ability to interpret emotions, fuel aggressive conduct and harm one’s psychological health in general. Aim of the study was to assess the screen time usage among adults and their knowledge regarding impact of screen time usage on health. Methods: A descriptive research study was conducted with the aim to assess the screen-time usage and their knowledge regarding its impact on health among 100 adults in Bagalkot College of Nursing Bagalkot. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the college and proportionate stratified random sampling technique was use to select the participants. Data related to screen time usage and its impacts on health was gathered by using structured interview schedule with the help of structured knowledge questionnaire. The adults who were willing to participate in the study were selected. Frequency and percentage distribution were used to describe the variables under the study and chi square test was used to find out the association between knowledge regarding its impact on health with selected socio-demographic variables. Results: In the present study 84% of adults were in the age group of 20 years, 80% belongs to Hindu religion and 28% adults were having more than 3 mobile phones at home, 66% of participants are females and 78% were studying B Sc Nursing. 56% adults were using screen for more than 3 Hrs per day, 89% of participants’ most commonly used screen device was mobile, 77% were using mobile phone in the evening. 90% of adults screen usage place was home and for 39% of adults the influencing factor for mobile usage was social media, for 81% participants mobile phone was most likely used screen device, for 74% adults mobile phone was the comfortable screen device and for 59% participants mobile phone was used for the purpose of study. Description of adults based on their knowledge regarding ill effects of screen time usage showed that 24% adults were having average knowledge following this 21% were having good, 18% poor, 15% very good, 12% excellent and 10% participants were having very poor knowledge. Variables like age, gender and number of mobile phones at home were having significant association with knowledge regarding impact of screen time usage. Conclusion: After analyzing the facts of the present study it concludes that girls use more mobile phones than boys, more number of participants are having less knowledge regarding ill effects of screen time usage on health i.e impact on physical health like – sleep disturbance, eye strain and vision problems, sedentary behavior and mental health like – anxiety and stress, depression addiction, poor academic performance in school, lack of social relations and memory loss.

BackgroundTo address the epidemic burden of diet-related diseases, adequate dietary intake assessments are needed to determine the actual nutrition intake of a population. In this context, the eNutri web app has been developed, providing online automated personalized dietary advice, based on nutritional information recorded via an integrated and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Originally developed for a British population and their dietary habits, the eNutri tool has specifically been adapted to the German population, taking into account national eating habits and dietary recommendations.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study is to evaluate the system usability and users’ experience and feedback on the eNutri app in a small-scale preliminary study. The secondary aim is to investigate the efficacy of personalized nutrition (PN) recommendations versus general dietary advice in altering eating habits.MethodsThe app was piloted for 4 weeks by 106 participants from across Germany divided into a PN group and a control group. The groups differed according to the degree of personalization of dietary recommendations obtained.ResultsAn overall System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 78.4 (SD 12.2) was yielded, indicating an above average user experience. Mean completion time of the FFQ was 26.7 minutes (SD 10.6 minutes). Across subgroups (age, sex, device screen sizes) no differences in SUS or completion time were found, indicating an equal performance for all users independent of the assigned experimental group. Participants’ feedback highlighted the need for more personalized dietary advice for controls, while personalized nutritional recommendations improved the awareness of healthy eating behavior. Further improvements to the eNutri app were suggested by the app users.ConclusionsIn total, the eNutri app has proven to be a suitable instrument to capture the dietary habits of a German population sample. Regarding functionality, system usability, and handling, direct user feedback was quite positive. Nutritional advice given was rated ambivalent, pointing to several weaknesses in the eNutri app, minimizing the system’s full potential. A higher level of personalization within nutritional advice subjectively improved the app’s usability. The insights gained will be used as a basis to further develop and improve this digital diet assessment tool.

An online writing-box free method for recognizing handwritten Japanese text is proposed. This method is achieved by the following procedure. First, the average character size of input handwritten text is estimated. Second, candidates for character segmentation are detected using geometric features between two adjacent strokes. Finally, a search is performed by dynamic programming for the string that maximizes evaluation score (acceptability as Japanese text). The evaluation score reflects the likelihood of character segmentation, recognition, context and the size of each character. The size is a newly introduced factor since alphabets, numerals, symbols, Japanese phonetic characters, simple Chinese characters and compound Chinese characters are all written in different sizes even in a single line of text. Experimental results show that the incorporation of the character size likelihood increases the character recognition rate for Japanese text.

The relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and screen time (ST) has been extensively studied; but the evidence remains inconsistent, and a comprehensive quantitative synthesis of this association is lacking. This study aims to provide a robust quantitative assessment of the relationship between ASD and ST by consolidating and analyzing available evidence to offer a more precise understanding of this complex association. This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 statement, and applied a quality assessment tool for quantitative studies to identity best available evidence. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, covering literature published from January 1, 2006 to June 12, 2024. In total, 30 studies involving 356,666 participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed a significant association between screen exposure in preschool children and the development of ASD, with a longer duration of screen exposure correlating with an increased likelihood of being diagnosed with autism. Furthermore, autistic people tend to have longer daily screen use and are at a higher risk of screen addiction compared to non-autistic individuals. These findings emphasize the importance of limiting ST for preschoolers and autistic people. However, the level of evidence supporting these conclusions is very low. Future studies should focus on controlling for confounding factors, using more objective measures, and further investigate the relationship between screen engagement styles (active or passive), screen use patterns (screen devices and content), and ASD.

BackgroundHigh prevalence of excessive screen time among preschool children is attributable to certain parental factors such as lack of knowledge, false perception about screen time, and inadequate skills. Lack of strategies to implement screen time guidelines, in addition to multiple commitments that may hinder parents from face-to-face interventions, demands the need to develop a technology-based parent-friendly screen time reduction intervention.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of Stop and Play, a digital parental health education intervention to reduce excessive screen time among preschoolers from low socioeconomic families in Malaysia.MethodsA single-blind, 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 360 mother-child dyads attending government preschools in the Petaling district, who were randomly allocated into the intervention and waitlist control groups between March 2021 and December 2021. This 4-week intervention, developed using whiteboard animation videos, infographics, and a problem-solving session, was delivered via WhatsApp (WhatsApp Inc). Primary outcome was the child’s screen time, whereas secondary outcomes included mother’s screen time knowledge, perception about the influence of screen time on the child’s well-being, self-efficacy to reduce the child’s screen time and increase physical activity, mother’s screen time, and presence of screen device in the child’s bedroom. Validated self-administered questionnaires were administered at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention. The intervention’s effectiveness was evaluated using generalized linear mixed models.ResultsA total of 352 dyads completed the study, giving an attrition rate of 2.2% (8/360). At 3 months after the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly reduced child’s screen time compared with the control group (β=−202.29, 95% CI −224.48 to −180.10; P<.001). Parental outcome scores also improved in the intervention group as compared with that in the control group. Mother’s knowledge significantly increased (β=6.88, 95% CI 6.11-7.65; P<.001), whereas perception about the influence of screen time on the child’s well-being reduced (β=−.86, 95% CI −0.98 to −0.73; P<.001). There was also an increase in the mother’s self-efficacy to reduce screen time (β=1.59, 95% CI 1.48-1.70; P<.001) and increase physical activity (β=.07, 95% CI 0.06-0.09; P<.001), along with reduction in mother’s screen time (β=−70.43, 95% CI −91.51 to −49.35; P<.001).ConclusionsThe Stop and Play intervention was effective in reducing screen time among preschool children from low socioeconomic families, while improving the associated parental factors. Therefore, integration into primary health care and preschool education programs is recommended. Mediation analysis is suggested to investigate the extent to which secondary outcomes are attributable to the child’s screen time, and long follow-up could evaluate the sustainability of this digital intervention.Trial RegistrationThai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR) TCTR20201010002; https://tinyurl.com/5frpma4b

Leisure screen time predicts free sugar consumption in children

his paper presents a gesture-controlled smart glove system integrated with a web application for interactive user interface and control. The glove utilizes an array of sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and flex sensors, to detect hand movements and gestures with high precision. These sensors capture real-time data, which is processed by an embedded microcontroller unit (MCU) onboard the glove. The processed data is then transmitted wirelessly to a web application via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity. The web application, accessible through a browser on any device, provides a user-friendly interface for controlling various applications and devices remotely. Users can customize gesture mappings to specific actions, enabling seamless interaction with IoT devices, virtual reality environments, and computer applications. The system's architecture emphasizes modularity and scalability, allowing for easy integration of additional sensors or functionalities. Moreover, the web application employs responsive design principles, ensuring compatibility with different screen sizes and devices. In conclusion, the proposed gesture-controlled smart glove system offers a versatile and intuitive interface for interacting with digital environments. Its integration with a web application enhances accessibility and usability, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including gaming, rehabilitation, and virtual control interfaces. Key Words: MCU, Flex sensors, Web Application, Gesture Control, IOT