Manipulation with Raw Ceramic Chimney Pipes

Recent Publications on Archaeological Ceramic Analyses and their Contributions to the Study of Ancient Pottery Technology

A combination of spectrum selection and machine learning regression for minor element determination in gravel stones with LIBS

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the emergence and development of additive technologies in world artistic ceramics. The article analyzes information on the history of the emergence of additive technologies. The principle of operation of 3D printing equipment, features of its use, the most common areas of use and materials used in 3D printing have been considered. An analysis of the specifics of the technical characteristics of 3D printers and technologies for 3D printing with ceramic masses has been shown that the use of ceramic materials as raw materials for 3D printing is a progressive trend due to the emergence of the possibility of forming ceramic objects and products that are practically indestructible reproduction and replication using traditional methods. In this article, the authors have been analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of manufacturing ceramic products by 3D printing. It has been established that the main difference between the production of three-dimensional plastic or metal elements and ceramic elements is the main feature of the ceramic manufacturing technology, namely that the printout is not a ceramic product before firing in the oven, that is, without firing, it is simply an element printed from clay materials (that is, such a printout before firing is called the "green part" – an unprocessed element). Currently, there are no 3D printers that can immediately produce ready-made ceramic products, all elements printed from ceramic materials require drying and firing. But, despite this nuance, printers that print with clay materials are called ceramic 3D printers. As 3D printing can accurately realize the creative thinking of artists and designers, 3D printing technology is increasingly used in the creation of ceramic products and contemporary ceramic works. The authors of the article emphasize that three-dimensional printing with clay provides ceramists with completely new opportunities for creating ceramic products with a complex configuration, texture, etc. Ceramic artists from all over the world are already actively using this technology in their work. Therefore, part of the study is devoted to examples of the use of 3D printing technology in world artistic ceramics, as well as to the description and analysis of the most interesting achievements in this direction of creativity, according to the authors.

From Clay to Pots: A Petrographical Analysis of Ceramic Production in the Callejón de Huaylas, North-Central Andes, Peru

The production of pre-Colonial ceramics in northwestern Hispaniola: A technological study of Meillacoid and Chicoid ceramics from La Luperona and El Flaco, Dominican Republic

With the advent of the intelligent era, the use of handling robots in automated production lines is becoming more and more popular. The manipulator is widely used in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electronics and light industry and other fields, mainly to complete the grasping, moving and assembly of goods and workpieces. In the automobile production line, due to the large volume and weight of the gearbox, manual handling cannot be completed. Therefore, the handling manipulator is adopted to complete the handling of the gearbox in the production and assembly process, and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is used as the control core. Complete the program design, program writing and system debugging of the control system. The handling manipulator can achieve the motion control of up and down, left and right, and telescopic 6 degrees of freedom, successfully complete the handling of the gearbox, and design the automatic mode and manual mode that meet the requirements of on-site production, which can cope with the emergency situation generated in on-site production and ensure the safety of production.

Polymer-metal powders melt extrusion printing to produce high-density, high-conductivity pure copper components

The paper presents the results of analyzing the prospects of using clay raw materials in a composition with metallurgical slags for the production of ceramic products. The results of the analysis of the chemical and mineralogical properties of clay from the Khalilovsky deposit in the Orenburg region and nickel slags from the dumps of the South Ural Nickel Combine are presented. The studies were carried out using X-ray fluorescence and differential thermal analysis methods. The article presents the performed X-ray and derivatograms of slag and clay and the features of the experimental types of raw materials revealed during their analysis. The connection between the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the experimental clay and slags on the technological properties of finished ceramic products has been theoretically established. The use of XRF and DTA to study the characteristics of plastic and non-plastic raw materials made it possible at the first stages of the experiment to reject materials that were unsatisfactory in properties for the production of ceramic products, which contributes to the optimization of experiments, rational consumption of costs of newly mined clay raw materials.

Abstract. Manual Material Handling (MMH) is an activity of moving objects manually, generally used in small-medium industries because it is cheap and simple. CV. XYZ is a roof tile manufacturing company, all work activities are carried out using manual labor. This study was conducted at the work station for taking raw materials, grinding clay, molding, smoothing, drying, firing, painting and packaging. The problem faced by the company is the failure to achieve production targets every month. This is caused by the high number of worker absences, either due to illness or permission. The study was conducted to reduce the risk of injury and pain complaints caused by MMH activities. Based on these problems, the method used, namely the Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) method, was carried out to identify work risks and design work aids that are in accordance with the dimensions of the worker's body in order to minimize the resulting work risks. The results obtained from the assessment of the level of work risk using showed that the OCRA Index value obtained in the work task of taking clay with the work element of taking clay lumps to the mill was 16.34 for the left hand and 16.49 for the right hand. Based on the classification of the OCRA Index value, this job is included in the work risk value in the red-medium risk area. Therefore, it is necessary to design clay cutting tools and handlifts to minimize the work risks that occur to workers. Abstrak. Manual Material Handling (MMH) adalah aktivitas memindahkan benda secara manual, umumnya digunakan di industri kecil-menengah karena biayanya murah dan sederhana. CV. XYZ merupakan salah satu perusahaan pembuat genteng, seluruh aktivitas kerja yang dikerjakan menggunakan tenaga manual. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada stasiun kerja pengambilan bahan baku, penggilingan tanah liat, pencetakan, penghalusan, pengeringan, pembakaran serta pengecatan dan pengepakan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi perusahaan adalah tidak tercapainya target produksi setiap bulannya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tingginya ketidakhadiran pekerja, baik karena sakit maupun izin. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko cidera dan keluhan rasa sakit yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas MMH. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko kerja dan melakukan perancangan ala bantu kerja yang sesuai dengan dimensi tubuh pekerja agar dapat meminimasi risiko kerja yang dihasilkan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penilaian tingkat risiko kerja menggunakan menunjukkan bahwa nilai OCRA Index yang didapatkan pada tugas kerja pengambilan tanah liat dengan elemen kerja mengambil bongkahan tanah liat ke penggilingan adalah sebesar 16,34 untuk tangan kiri dan 16,49 untuk tangan kanan. Berdasarkan pengklasifikasian nilai OCRA Index, pekerjaan ini termasuk kedalam nilai risiko kerja pada area red-medium risk. Maka dari itu perlu perancangan alat potong tanah liat dan handlift untuk meminimasi risiko kerja yang terjadi pada pekerja.

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies can be classified according to the physical process involving the raw material as fusion-based and solid-state processes. The latter includes sintering-based technologies, which are aligned with conventional fabrication techniques, such as metal injection molding (MIM), and take advantage of the freeform fabrication of the initial green part. In the present work, 17-4PH stainless steel samples were fabricated by material extrusion, or rather bound metal deposition (BMD), a solid-state AM technology. The powder-based raw material was characterized together with samples fabricated using different angular infill strategies. By coupling different characterization technologies, it was possible to identify and classify major properties and defects of the raw material and the fabricated samples. In addition, microstructural modifications were found to be linked with the mesostructural defects typical of the BMD solid-state additive manufacturing technology applied to metals.

Electric drive systems consisting of battery, inverter, electric motor and gearbox are applied in hybridor purely electric vehicles. The layout process of such propulsion systems is performed on system level under consideration of various component properties and their interfering characteristics. In addition, different boundary conditions are taken under account, e. g. performance, efficiency, packaging, costs. In this way, the development process of the power train involves a broad range of influencing parameters and periphery conditions and thus represents a multi-dimensional optimization problem. Stateof-the-art development processes of mechatronic systems are usually executed according to the V-model, which represents a fundamental basis for handling the complex interactions of the different disciplines involved. In addition, stage-gate processes and spiral models are applied to deal with the high level of complexity during conception, design and testing. Involving a large number of technical and economic factors, these sequential, recursive processes may lead to suboptimal solutions since the system design processes do not sufficiently consider the complex relations between the different, partially conflicting domains. In this context, the present publication introduces an integrated multi-objective optimization strategy for the effective conception of electric propulsion systems, which involves a holistic consideration of all components and requirements in a multi-objective manner. The system design synthesis is based on component-specific Pareto-optimal designs to handle performance, efficiency, package and costs for given system requirements. The results are displayed as Pareto-fronts of electric power train system designs variants, from which decision makers are able to choose the best suitable solution. In this way, the presented system design approach for the development of electrically driven axles enables a multi-objective optimization considering efficiency, performance, costs and package. It is capable to reduce development time and to improve overall system quality at the same time.

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the development of pottery in the Lower Bug region and its role in urbanization processes on the basis of historiographical, archaeological and paleogeographical data at the 6th century BCE.
 Scientific novelty. For the first time the ceramic production are comprehensively considered into account the raw material base of the pottery of the ancient settlement on the example of Borysthenes. The relationship between social and natural factors in the development of pottery has been established. The role of this craft in the context of urbanization processes in the North-Western Black Sea region is determined. The early production of ceramics in Lower Bug is considered, covering different categories of sources. A method of studying the local pottery making in the ancient centres of the region is proposed.
 Methodology. The study was based on a comprehensive analysis of historiographical and archaeological data and paleogeographical methods. The field stage of the research included the survey of sites with unsoddy deposits of various geological periods as potential pottery raw materials. A stratigraphic dissection of deposits, their macromorphological description and samples were taken from each sites for further laboratory research. The laboratory research included a micromorphological analysis of ceramic products to compare its characteristics with potential raw materials, as well as a granulometric analysis of the selected samples to determine their physicochemical properties.
 Conclusions. Pottery as an independent type of craft was distinguished in Hellenic culture quite early and came to the centres of the Northern Black Sea region as an already formed occupation. Spatially, workshops were situated at the large cities, where the manufactured products not only satisfied local demand, but also served as goods for sale. As archaeological materials showed, the earliest evidence of local pottery production was discovered on Berezan island and date from the middle of the 6th century BCE. The active development of the settlement, i.e. the intensification of the urbanization of the space, belongs around the same period. Therefore, the development of crafts, in particular pottery, is a component of this multifaceted process.
 Paleopedological studies, micromorphological and granulometric analyzes of potential pottery raw materials with the micromorphological features of ceramics allow us to talk about local production. It was found that craftsmen could use local raw materials to create the moulding mass, which was obviously multi-component. The materials mainly of the first half of the 6th century BCE from site “T” of Berezan settlement confirmed the assumption about the predominance of grey ceramics (“greyware”) in the local pottery making at that time. Probably, the tradition of its production existed for a long time.

The research is devoted to the studies of raw materials and molding masses of ceramic products from the settlement Toksanbay. The purpose of the research was to study the technological aspects taking place in the course of ceramic vessels production, as well as in-depth study of the raw materials and molding masses of pottery ceramics of the settlement. During the research of samples, in addition to petrographic analysis, fragments of ceramics were studied using the binocular microscopy method, chemical experiments were carried out (using a micromethod) with the use of ammonium molybdenum, hydrochloric acid, and microenacts were checked for iron in the composition of the crock. The received result revealed that as the raw material ferruginous clay was used, and the chemical reaction to Fe of all fragments turned out to be positive. The original clay contains sand, besides this, sand feldspars, fragments of sandstones, silicified schists and epidote are noted in the sand composition. Three recipes of molding masses were revealed. The organics is stated in the form of silicified voids. The composition of organic matter showed carbonate-siliceous or carbonate-phosphate. The microreaction analysis using ammonium molybdenum (МоН4)2АmО4 determined the presence of a phosphate type in organic samples. From the organic fillers, a part of the studied samples revealed hollows of round and oval shape from the burnt organics. The study of the pottery of the settlement will be continued but it can be argued that the Toksanbay potters used local clay, and the most common impurity was organogenic limestone.

• Geochemical analysis identifies chemical groups in the ceramics studied. • Three main petrographic paste groups are identified in the Igbo Ukwu assemblage. • Multiple petrofabrics reflect differences in clay sources and clay processing techniques. • The ceramics are consistent with broadly local geology. • The results from this study refine the understanding of raw material sourcing and ceramic production practices at ancient Igbo Ukwu. The 1st and 2nd Millennium CE marked significant shifts in West African economy and sociopolitical systems with commensurate changes to craft economies in the region, including expanded trade networks and increasing urbanism across the region. This study investigates ceramic production at Igbo Ukwu (9th-12th Century CE), one of the most significant archaeological sites in West Africa, renowned for its elaborate material culture and early technological sophistication. Drawing on legacy collections from Thurstan Shaw’s 1959 – 1964 excavations, this paper examines ceramic samples from Igbo Isaiah, Igbo Richard, and Igbo Jonah, the three excavated sites, using petrographic and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyses. The results reveal three major petrographic groups (Argillaceous, Quartzitic, and Transitionary) representing locally sourced clays and distinct chemical composition groups, highlighting substantial variation in broadly locally sourced raw material and preparation techniques. The findings from this work reveal multiple paste types that were used to produce macroscopically similar vessels, suggesting multiple potting traditions or workshops. However, it remains unclear if production was directed towards local consumption, regional exchange, or if the potting industry was organized to meet both local and external demands. These findings offer new insights into the organization of ceramic production at Igbo Ukwu and contribute to a broader understanding of craft production and technological knowledge in early West African societies.

Since the dawn of human history that clays are used as raw material for production of various utensils like pots for water storage, vases, plates, statues, and also used for making bricks and tiles for buildings. As a building material blocks and tiles are to this day, widely used and so there are several potteries and ceramics industries that manufacture these products. In these industries, when the blocks or tiles are not burned correctly, i.e. when not acquire a desired coloring or when they have small defects such as cracks or small flatness; they are usually discarded in nature, thus generating a considerable environmental liabilities. In this work we used such wastes to obtain a new ceramic product containing these residues. Through characterization of the clay and the waste, using physical and chemical testing, as well as the conformation of specimens with different percentages it was found that a percentage of 5 to 10% utilization of the waste obtains a new ceramic product. This new product will provide economic use of raw materials with the use of waste and consequently a reduction in aggression nature.