Manuskrip Kampar

Bergama'da 1878 de Carl Humann tarafindan arkeolojik kazilarin baslatilmasi ve her gecen gun onemli buluntularin ortaya cikmasi kentin baskin olarak arkeolojik ozellikleriyle anilmasi­ni saglamis ve saglamaktadir. Ornegin 1968 yilina ait imar planinda arkeolo­jik alan uzerinde yer alan geleneksel kent do­kusunun dondurularak gelismesinin kisitlan­masi ve zamanla bu alanlarin bosaltilarak arke­olojik kazilara terk edilmesi ongorulmustur. Antikcag yapilarina verilen onem, diger taraf­tan geleneksel konutlarin muhafazasina do­layli olarak katkida bulunmus; geleneksel ko­nut dokusu altindaki antik kentin zarar gorme­mesi icin, var olan yapilasma dondurulmus; yeni yapilasmalar icin bu alanlar disinda, gele­neksel dokunun guneyinde yeni iskân alanlari acilmistir. 1976 tarihinde Bergama'nin alanlari ve sinirlari Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve Anitlar Yuksek Kurulunca (GEEAYK) tescil edilmistir. ilani kararini takiben, Berga­ma'nin antik Pergamon kentinin kalintilari uze­rinde gelismis belli alanlari, korunmasi gerekli kentsel dokuya sahip olmasi nedeniyle ve Arkeolojik olarak 1983 yilin­da tescil edilmis ve 1984'te tekrar degerlendi­rilmistir, Bergama gibi cok katmanli kentlerde, tanimi konana kadar gecen surede, kurullari tarafindan yanlis ka­rarlarin alinmasinin yani sira tereddutler, dola­yisiyla karar uretememe durumlari soz konu­su olmustur. Bu tikaniklik, SIT tanimindan 20 yil sonra 1993'te Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Yuksek Kurulunun ilke kararindaki tanimi ve ko­sullarinin belirlenmesiyle asilmistir. Bergama'da da koruma amacli imar planina kadar gecerli olacak gecis donemi yapilas­ma kosullari m belirleyen karar, ilanindan 18 yil sonra, 2001 yilinda kentin bu alanlarinin, Izmir 2 numarali Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Kurulunca Kentsel Arkeolo­jik olarak ilan edilmesiyle alinmistir. Bu karara gore Bergama kenti alanlari. Kent­sel SIT, 1. derece SIT, 2. derece ve 3. derece olarak tanimlanmistir. Bu kararlar sonucunda, alani icinde yer atan evler, onarim dahi yapilamayan, harap an­cak ozgun yapilar olarak gunumuze ulasmistir. Kentin guneyinde yeni yapilasma alanlarinin olusturulmasindan sonra, alani icindeki geleneksel dokuda, evlerini birakmak isteme­yen, apartman yasamina uyum saglayamayan ve eski komsuluk iliskilerini surdurmek iste­yen yasli nufus kalmistir. Bu geleneksel doku­nun diger kullanicilari ise civar koylerden gelip buraya yerlesen dusuk gelir grubuna ait kulla­nicilardir. kultur varliklari envanter calismasiyla kentte harap fakat ozgun olarak gunumuze ulasmis onemli sayida konut oldugu, pek cok konutun enderlik degeri tasidigi ortaya kon­mustur. Bergama (izmir) Kultur Varliklari En­vanter Projesinin ucuncu ve son donem calis­masi 6-17 Eylul 2005 tarihlerinde Bergama da gerceklestirilen alan calismasiyla tamamlan­mistir. Pek cok uygarligi iceren, cok katmanli bir kent olan Bergama'da, sinirlan ve tanimi, bu envanter calismasi­nin basladigi 2003 yilindaki degisiklikler disin­da, Mart 2004 te izmir 2 numarali Kultur ve Ta­biat Varliklari Koruma Kurulunda alinan kararla, Kentsel + 3. derece olarak degistirilmis ve sinin guneye, Gazipasa Mahal­lesine dogru genisletilmistir (lev. 1: sek. 1). Kultur Varliklarinin yer aldigi mahalle­ler, Bergama Cayinin kuzeyindeki alanda Ulu-cami, Talatpasa, Kurtulus mahalleleri, Berga­ma Cayinin guneyinde ise Selcuk, Barbaros, Atmaca, Islamsaray, Turabey, Inkilâp, Gazipa­sa, Ertugrul ve Zafer mahalleleridir. 2005 yilin­da, Bergama Cayinin kuzeyinde Talatpasa ve Kurtulus mahallelerinde, Bergama Cayinin gu­neyinde ise Selcuk, Atmaca, islamsaray, Tu­rabey, Inkilâp, Gazipasa, Ertugrul ve Zafer ma­hallelerinde envanter calismasi gerceklestiril­mistir (lev. 2: sek. 2). Bergama Kuttur Varliktan Envanteri yapilirken calisma alanimizin sinirlan (lev. 1: sek. 1), Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Ku­rulu tarafindan onaylanmis sinirlari disinda, eski yerlesim dokusunu gosteren belgelerden de yararlanilarak belir­lenmistir. Bergama'da 2005 yilinda. 2003 ve 2004 yilla­rinda gerceklestirilen alan calismalarinda oldu­gu gibi Bergama Cayinin iki yakasinda, iki ayri grup tarafindan catisma gerceklestirilmistir. 6-17 Eylul 2005 tarihleri arasinda 7 kisilik ekip­le toplam 100 yapi adasinda calisilmis, 713'u anit olmak uzere, 814 adet envanter formu hazirlanmistir. 102 yapinin plan krokisi yapil­mis, 4440 adet dijital fotograf cekilmistir. Boy­lece 2003 yilindan itibaren, uc yillik envanter calismasi sonucunda 160'i yerlesme, 1501'i anit envanteri olmak uzere, toplam 1661 adet envanter formu hazirlanmis, 390 adet plan krokisi yapilmis ve 9718 adet dijital fotograf cekilmistir. kultur varliktan envanter calismasin­da, konutlarin yapim tarihleri ve mimari ozel­likleri bir arada degerlendirildiginde Berga­ma'daki konut mimarisinin gelisim sureci or­taya cikmaktadir. 2005 yilina ait alan calisma­sinda, nitelikli ve korunmaya deger Cumhuri­yet devri konut yapilarinin, onceki yillarda cali­silan alanlardakinden daha yogun olarak yer aldigi saptanmistir. Geleneksel kent dokusunun yeni yapilasma alanlariyla birlestigi yerdeki yogun yok edilisi­ne bagli olarak, kultur varligi sayisi azaldigin­dan, Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari evanteri ongorulenden daha once tamamlanmis bu­lunmaktadir. Envanteri yapilan kultur varliklari sayisi, mevcut tescilli yapi sayisinin yaklasik uc katidir. Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari envanteri dogrultusunda, alanlarinin bo­yutlarinda ve niteliklerinde degisiklikler yapil­masi gerekecektir. 2003 yilinda baslayan Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari envanter calismasi 2004 yilinda de­vam etmis ve 2005 yilinda sonuclanmistir. En­vanterlerin Kultur-Kitap veritabanina aktaril­masi ise 2006 yilinda tamamlanmistir.

The sustainable preservation of cultural heritage, as articulated in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11.4, requires strategies that not only safeguard tangible and intangible assets but also enhance their long-term cultural, social, and economic value. Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies are increasingly applied in heritage conservation. However, most research emphasizes technical applications, such as improving data accuracy and increasing efficiency, while neglecting their integration into a broader framework of cultural sustainability and heritage tourism. This study addresses this gap by developing a set of practical guidelines for the sustainable use of AI in cultural heritage preservation. The guidelines highlight six dimensions: inclusive data governance, data authenticity protection, leveraging AI as a complementary tool, balancing innovation with cultural values, ensuring copyright and ethical compliance, long-term technical maintenance, and collaborative governance. To illustrate the feasibility of these guidelines, the paper analyses three representative case studies: AI-driven 3D reconstruction of the Old Summer Palace, educational dissemination via Google Arts & Culture, and intelligent restoration at E-Dunhuang. By situating AI-driven practices within the framework of cultural sustainability, this study makes both theoretical and practical contributions to heritage governance, to enhance cultural sustainability commitments and align digital innovation with the enduring preservation of humanity’s shared heritage, providing actionable insights for policymakers, institutions, and the tourism industry in designing resilient and culturally respectful heritage strategies.

Tembang writers typically employ words that are not literal but rather words have figurative meanings. One of those is metaphor. This study aims to analyze metaphors in Nyidham Sari tembang and reveal their role in conveying cultural value and moral message on language learning. The research addresses to understand how traditional Javanese tembang can serve as educational tools for transmitting cultural knowledge and value to contemporary learners. The data of the research are metaphors within the Nyidham Sari tembang. To analyse the data the researcher identified metaphors to understand the meaning and the metaphor function in the context of the tembang This study employs the basic theory of the Conceptual Metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson. This study shows that Nyidham Sari tembang uses natural metaphors, journey metaphors, and cultural value metaphors to describe abstract concepts and convey deep messages. The research results indicate that metaphors in Nyidham Sari tembang play an important role in conveying cultural values and moral messages. The result of this study also has implication on language teaching, namely, Teaching Metaphor, Interpretation Skill Development, Teaching Material, and Critical Thinking Development. Finally, this study is expected to inspire other researchers who interest to explore metaphors in different cultural.

The objective of this research is to formulate a pathway for the revitalization and preservation of cultural heritage, offering empirical methodologies for the recognition and assessment of cultural heritage values, with the ultimate goal of facilitating the dynamic conservation of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridge cultural heritage. Hence, the present research has developed an approach called the activation protection path method for comprehending, evaluating, and revitalizing the invaluable aspects of vernacular cultural heritage. To begin with, by employing the lens of Cultural Memory Theory and leveraging its holistic approach, the significance of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridges as a cultural heritage site is examined. Furthermore, an elaborate index system is devised to facilitate the assessment of its value. Secondly, an evaluation model was constructed to assess the cultural heritage value of the Timber-Arched Lounge Bridge. This paper explores the influencing factors of cultural heritage value as the research basis for the cultural heritage revitalization and protection work of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridge. Based on the case study of 19 preservation units of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridges in Shouning County, Fujian Province, the findings can be concluded as follows: 1). Cultural Heritage Value: The cultural heritage value of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridge in Shouning County is estimated to be approximately 178.45 million yuan. Among the different systems, the Text system accounts for 16%, the Image system accounts for 44%, and the Ritual system accounts for 40%. 2). Activation Investment Ratio: Based on the evaluation results of each index value of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridge cultural heritage, this study establishes the capital investment ratio for activating the heritage. This ratio provides guidance for successfully implementing the practical path of activating and protecting the cultural heritage of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridge. Through an in-depth analysis of the heritage value of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridge and the establishment of an evaluation model, this study lays the foundation for activating and preserving vernacular cultural heritage. By promoting the construction of the value subject’s identity, this research contributes to guiding the practical path of activating and protecting the living heritage of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridges.

Cultural values and social status are two salient factors in the psychological experiences of immigrant families, and both have been associated with immigrant parents' patterns of emotional expression in previous studies. The present study examined how endorsement of cultural values (collectivism and conformity) and social status were uniquely associated with immigrant parents' emotional expressivity in the family. First-generation Chinese American immigrant parents (N = 239, 80% mothers; M = 41.31 years old) of elementary-age children reported on their endorsement of values of collectivism and conformity, their patterns of emotional expressivity in the family context, and their family income and education levels. Path analyses indicated unique positive associations between family income and all domains of parents' emotional expressivity and negative associations between family income and parents' endorsement of collectivism and conformity. Parents' endorsement of collectivism was negatively associated with negative-dominant expressivity. We discuss implications of our findings for theories of culture and emotion, as well as for future intersectional approaches with Asian American populations.

Cultural tourism is the largest industry in the world and the fastest-growing sector. This has caused many cultural heritages in the form of temples to be used as tourist attractions, including the Puncak Penulisan Temple in Sukawana Village. As a result of state intervention and capitalism through tourism, it has resulted in the expansion of functions and transformation of cultural values at Puncak Penulisan Temple. Based on the background of this problem, this research aims to (1) analyze the process of commodification Puncak Penulisan Temple, (2) understand the ideology behind the commodification of Puncak Penulisan Temple, and (3) examine the implications of the commodification of Puncak Penulisan Temple. This research was designed using qualitative methods with a critical cultural studies approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and literature studies relevant to the research title. Then the collected data was analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The theories used to analyze research problems are the theory of genetic structuralism (Pierre Bourdieu). The results of the research show that the practice of commodifying the Cultural Heritage of Puncak Penulisan Temple has gone through a long process. This is caused by changes in habits (habitus) such as open attitudes of the community, changes in thought patterns and economic orientation, as well as the potential of the Sukawana Village community in the form of cultural and natural heritage. The commodification process is society's response to the struggle between globalization and capitalism through tourism with society's cultural values. The ideology behind the commodification of the Puncak Penulisan Temple's cultural heritage is the ideology of capitalism and the ideology of preservation. The commodification of Puncak Penulisan Temple's cultural heritage has implications for cultural, economic, and social aspects that influence the lives of the people of Sukawana Village.
 Keywords: commodification, cultural heritage, ideology, Puncak Penulisan Temple

This article explores relations between cultural heritage and cultural values for sustainable development in the Enugu region. It discusses the potential to advance a cultural approach to sustainable development of regions by examining the cultural food heritage and relating it to cultural values. Based on empirical research, the article employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the relationship between the identified major local food heritage and cultural values for sustainable regional planning and development. The study examined primary data from 380 community elders, traders, and relevant institutions—including the Ministry of Arts and Culture and the Ministry of Agriculture—through interviews, participant observation, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Pearson product–moment correlation. Findings identified eight local food heritages and six cultural values. The findings suggest that promoting and preserving local food heritage can be crucial in fostering sustainable cultural values and contributing to sustainable regional development. The local food had a statistically significant influence on cultural values. The Pearson correlation result (p-value = 0.000) shows a strong correlation between the local food heritage and cultural values for sustainable regional planning and development. However, the study also identified several challenges threatening the sustainability of local food heritage in the region, including high costs, small-scale farming, insecurity, climate change, and poor transportation. The study recommends the development and implementation of comprehensive policies and programs that prioritize the preservation and promotion of local food heritage while addressing the identified challenges.

Understanding aspects of maritime/underwater cultural heritage (MUCH) and the associated cultural values and integrating them into maritime spatial planning (MSP) processes is a new global challenge alongside the rapid increase in human activities at sea and climate change impacts on the seas and the oceans. This article highlights the significance of cultural values in shaping human interactions with marine environments and how MSP can address the cultural dimensions of marine resources management. The key research question addresses the prerequisites and methods for a better incorporation of MUCH in the MSP processes. This review revealed a diversity of literature addressing the inclusion of MUCH in (a) coastal and marine management but also in (b) marine/maritime spatial planning (346 articles from the Scopus database). In the first case, there is a strong focus on cultural ecosystem services (CES) and cultural values, the role of indigenous and local communities, the transfer of traditional ecological knowledge, and participatory approaches and tools. As for the latter, this review demonstrated quite a lot of relatively recent MSP endeavors that seem to be influenced by the above approaches identified in the coastal and marine management literature. This article concludes that for MSPlans to be innovative and mainly acceptable by local communities, the “missing layer” of socio-cultural values and data is indispensable. Furthermore, a collaborative MSP between governments and regional/provincial authorities may boost sustainable blue activities while preserving ecological and cultural values.

Saman Dance, a cultural heritage from Aceh that has been recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, is a unique manifestation of local wisdom and Islamic values inherent in the Gayo community. This article examines the beauty of the movements and the deep meanings contained in Saman Dance, as well as its role in preserving Aceh's cultural identity. Through an ethnographic approach and semiotic analysis, this research explores the historical origins, choreographic structure, and symbolism of Saman Dance movements. The results show that every movement in Saman Dance has a philosophical meaning that is closely related to the teachings of Islam and the social values of Gayo society. The speed, uniformity, and complexity of the movements not only reflect aesthetic beauty, but also symbolize unity, discipline, and harmony in social life. Furthermore, the lyrics sung during performances contain profound moral and spiritual messages. This article also discusses the evolution of Saman Dance from a religious ritual to an internationally recognized performing art, as well as the challenges in preserving it in the modern era. In conclusion, Saman Dance is not just an artistic expression, but an important medium in transmitting cultural and spiritual values between generations. A deeper understanding of the meaning behind Saman Dance is expected to increase appreciation and efforts to preserve this cultural heritage.

The article defines the main directions of library and information activities to popularize the historical and cultural heritage among the youth; the problems of cultural values influence on the spiritual and moral development of young people are considered. It is stated that in working with youngsters to promote the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, traditional and innovative forms of enlightenment and educational practices remain in demand. The mechanisms for promoting cultural values of the country in the educational, cultural and leisure activities of library institutions are revealed on the example of the State Universal Scientific Library of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The experience of the regional library in the implementation of social and cultural projects aimed at forming the national and civic identity of young people is reflected. It is indicated that the socio-cultural design of the library is a unique technology that can systematically perform operations and procedures, ensure the reliability of results, and the flexibility of implementation. The features of the organization of project activities are highlighted - information, consulting and subscription services, information support for self-education of participants in each project. The creation in the library of the historical and cultural space “The Book Heritage of Krasnoyarsk”, which during the project contributed to the convergence of the value orientations of young people and older people, made it possible to use diverse innovative forms of promoting cultural and historical heritage. It is noted that the library projects helped to convey to the youth the cultural traditions of the peoples of Russia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, brought the organization of educational events to upgrade the book culture to a higher qualitative level, created conditions for the use of modern technologies. Project initiatives result in the library becoming a powerful tool for the cultural and reproductive activities of young people in mastering the most important achievements of Russian culture through access to information resources, the main component of which is the book.

Cultural and natural heritages are considered invaluable resources, creating a unique tourist attraction for each country. However, knowing how to use this heritage for sustainable tourism development, while preserving and promoting the heritage value for future generations is not a simple task. This article focuses on the values of cultural heritage and the importance of maintaining and promoting it while integrating with the environment for the development of society. It discusses the current state of cultural heritage preservation and promotion in Vietnam, showing examples of development with disregard to the heritage and the environment, why it is necessary to have sustainable development in active culture conservation, as well as the relationship between the preservation, promotion of the cultural heritage and the socio-economic development and the environment. A perspective on the cultural heritage value in sustainable development is also given. Through the reading of supporting materials and the comparison of survey data, it is clear that the preservation of cultural values not only contribute directly to the socio-economic development of a country similar to Vietnam, but also to help create new values in later generations. Therefore, it is concluded that a sustainable approach to the conservation of cultural heritages is very important for the future handling of such irreplaceable resources.

Traditional games or folk games in the city of Binjai are part of Indonesian culture that have been passed down from generation to generation. Traditional games contain moral messages that are beneficial for children's motoric, cognitive, emotional and social development. However, as the times progressed which pushed technology in various fields, the existence of traditional games began to be replaced by the presence of modern games which are currently more popular with children. Of course, this has a bad impact, namely that the moral messages and cultural values contained in traditional games are not conveyed well to the next generation, especially children. Therefore, information media is needed to convey these traditional games again. Therefore, 'Designing Information Media About Traditional Games in Binjai City, North Sumatra' was created. This design was made in the form of an illustrated book and several other media mixes. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature study. In data analysis, the method used is SWOT analysis with a target audience of children aged 7-12 years. Then these data are used in the process of creating the work which goes through several stages. The results of this design become a source of information for the people of Binjai City regarding existing traditional games through a media mix presented in the form of printed illustrated books as the main media. Then there is another media mix which supports the main media consisting of digital book, poster and infographic, traditional games, manual book, merchandise and outdoor media.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main international legal acts of the UN and UNESCO and to implement their norms in the legislation of Ukraine in the context of contemporary challenges and threats to the national cultural heritage. Methodology is a system of theoretical principles (systematicity, historicism, objectivity, etc.), logical techniques (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, hypothesis, etc.) and specific research tools that have made it possible to fully disclose the process of implementation of international law into the legislation of Ukraine in the context of contemporary challenges and threats to the national cultural heritage. The scientific novelty of the article is to analyze the international legal norms of the UN and UNESCO on protection of cultural values and conformity of national legislation of Ukraine with these norms, as well as those challenges and threats that Ukraine and its cultural values face after the occupation of Crimea by Russia and the beginning of the armed conflict in the Donbass. Conclusions. Ukraine actively cooperates with the UN and UNESCO in the field of the protection of cultural property and is a party to major international conventions adopted by these organizations. Thanks to the application of these norms, only in the last few years have been managed to recover some of the objects of cultural heritage stolen from the Ukrainian museums, as well as to return such objects discovered by Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, to the state-owners. Due to international law, Ukraine is also pursuing lawsuits to return to our country cultural values that were exported abroad from Crimea until 2014, counteracting the attempts of the Russian Federation to seize cultural heritage in occupied Crimea and the like. At the same time, Ukrainian legislation needs further changes in connection with the development of international cultural heritage law and in order to counteract the destruction, theft and destruction of cultural heritage sites in occupied Crimea and the armed conflict zone in the Donbass. Keywords: UN; UNESCO; Ukraine; international law; convention; legislation; cultural heritage.

Immediately after the earthquake, the region of Umbria and three cities (Spoleto, Narni, Foligno) agreed on setting up an «Operating Centre for the conservation and maintenance of the cultural and artistic heritage, archives and libraries», to promote activities involving the restoration and enhancement of cultural goods, and civil defence. Among these a choice of strong coordination between the State and the peripheral and territorial bodies and a systematic effort to promote maintenance and prevention, suitable to the diverse nature of our cultural heritage: a fundamental component of Italian civilization. Such choices were markedly different from the prevailing practices where the lack of such coordination and methods makes our cultural heritage more fragile and its preservation more difficult, both in day-to-day management as well as when facing recurring catastrophic events like earthquakes. This dialogue between a witness of the 1997 events and an Umbrian archaeologist retraces the development of the project, and from 2003 onwards, the progressive loss of its identity up until its present condition, which shows limited functionality compared to its 1997 objectives.

Informal education systems in the traditional African systems were aimed at, among other things, passing on cultural values, norms and knowledge skills from one generation to the next. In addition, the youth were taught to preserve their cultural identity. Owing to fundamental shifts in classical family systems and educational practices in Africa, countries such as Zimbabwe have come to recognise the need for including societal values and norms, ethics, morals and responsibilities in thewhole school curricula in order to inculcate value systems and maintain the national legacy and cultural heritage. One strategy for achieving the desired cultural ethos is implementing a deliberate Citizenship Education programme which should be incorporated into the formal education system. Citizenship Education could also be inculcated through extra curricula activities such as sport.Besides the transmission of the cultural norms and values, Citizenship Education should incorporate humanitarian issues such as inclusion of people with disabilities in social processes. In the same vein, the Citizenship Education programme should be flexible to cater for the needs of learners with special needs. This paper explores the relevance of Citizenship Education to the prevailing Zimbabwean situation. In the long term, Citizenship Education has the capacity to improve the socio-political and economic advancement of a country. The paper concludes that Citizenship Education is relevant to the Zimbabwean situation, despite that it has been heavily politicised and has, in some cases, lost its original intention. In the long term, the programme has a propensity to improve the socio-political and economic conditions of the country. De-politicisation of Citizenship Education could be the first step towards re-aligning it to the intended national ethos and ideals. This should be policy driven.The programme should endeavour to inculcate values and norms that facilitate nation building and should not be used for partisan political orientation.