MARL-based Traffic Management in Communication Networks: Randomized vs. Traffic-Based Agent Deployment

The electric power transmission network management is changing from decentralized to province-centralized mode to adapt to the development trend of power grid. For the current hierarchical management situation of transmission system, the paper mainly studies the centralized mode. Considering the difficulty of transform, security, the demand of bandwidth and augmentability factors, the paper proposes a hierarchical province-centralized mode based on Resource pool and states its architecture, realization methods and deployment mode of Network Manager System in Cloud, realizing the unified management, configuration and data sharing of the whole province. Deploying the network management system in the Clout is taking full use of the resource sharing, efficient management and on-demand resource of the Cloud to realize the intensification, promoting the scheduling intensive management level of Information and transmission. Introduction For a long time, the layered, graded, zoned management mode of electric power communication networks makes the network management system built and maintained by the way of multi-level scheduling mechanism. In order to fulfill the development trend of power grid, power transmission network management should be developed from the provinces and cities separated pattern to the province-centralized mode to realize unified management, unified configuration and sharing of the communication network data within province and achieve the purpose of concentrate and highly active management, reasonable resource-configuration and optimizing the structure of the network resources. Deploying the communication network management centrally is an effective way to enhance the level of intensive management, which, whereas, will cause the load that systems deal with increase sharply. However, Cloud computing technology integrates resources into form Cloud in order to get higher utilization of computing and storage, having a strong computing power and storage capacity. With the development of Cloud construction, deploying communication network management in the pool can improve data reliability and security. This paper puts forward a hierarchical province-centralized mode based on Cloud by researching on concentrated-model of Transmission Network Management, and describes the model in detail. Discussed Problems Power system communication network is the important technology support and infrastructure platform of the grid. As an important guarantee of power grid security, stability and economic running, communication network management system is the important technology means of the communication network management and maintenance. International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference (IPEMEC 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 596 Communication network management system At present, the general transmission network management system is divided into Element Management System(EMS), Subnet Management System(SNMS) and Network Management (NMS) in terms of the management level. EMS is based on the device manager and realizes the management of safety, configuration, performance and alarm for specific equipment; SNMS can divide the network elements into various subnets, not only manage the elements equipments but also the topological relation between them. NMS is a higher level than the SNMS and manage multiple SNMS systems at the same time through network. It configures the router for each business level, and also shows the network elements’ circumstances of each time slot and the business relationships at all levels in details. The relationship of different level network management system is showed as the figure 1.

The work is motivated by deadlock resolution and resource allocation problems, occurring in distributed server-client architectures. We consider a very general setting which includes, as special cases, distributed bandwidth management in communication networks, as well as variations of classical problems in distributed computing and communication networking such as deadlock: resolution and dining philosophers. In the current paper, we exhibit first local solutions with globally-optimum performance guarantees. An application of our method is distributed bandwidth management in communication networks. In this setting, deadlock resolution (and maximum fractional independent set) corresponds to admission control maximizing network throughput. Job scheduling (and minimum fractional coloring) corresponds to route selection that minimizes load. >

Stable Queue Management in communication networks

One of the fundamental challenges in distributed interactive systems is to design efficient, accurate, and fair solutions. In such systems, a satisfactory solution is an innovative approach that aims to provide all players with a satisfactory payoff anytime and anywhere. In this paper we study fully distributed learning schemes for satisfactory solutions in games with continuous action space. Considering games where the payoff function depends only on own-action and an aggregate term, we show that the complexity of learning systems can be significantly reduced, leading to the so-called mean-field learning. We provide sufficient conditions for convergence to a satisfactory solution and we give explicit convergence time bounds. Then, several acceleration techniques are used in order to improve the convergence rate. We illustrate numerically the proposed mean-field learning schemes for quality-of-service management in communication networks. © 2013 IEEE.

The evolution of communication networks has witnessed a remarkable transformation with the advent of 5G technology. As the latest generation of cellular networks, 5G promises to revolutionize the way we connect, communicate, and interact with the digital world. This paper explores the architecture, management, and implications of 5G communication networks, shedding light on the key features, challenges, and opportunities presented by this transformative technology. At the core of 5G networks lies a sophisticated architecture designed to deliver unprecedented levels of speed, reliability, and connectivity. The 5G New Radio (NR) architecture encompasses three primary components: the User Equipment (UE), the Radio Access Network (RAN), and the Core Network (CN). These components work in tandem to facilitate seamless communication between user devices and the broader network infrastructure. One of the defining features of 5G networks is their ability to support significantly higher data speeds and lower latency compared to previous generations. With the potential to deliver data rates of several gigabits per second and latency as low as a few milliseconds, 5G opens the door to a plethora of innovative applications and services, ranging from immersive virtual reality experiences to real-time remote surgeries. Effective management of 5G networks is paramount to ensuring optimal performance, reliability, and security. Network management systems employ advanced algorithms for dynamic resource allocation, quality of service (QoS) optimization, and network slicing. Network slicing, in particular, enables operators to create virtual networks tailored to specific use cases, such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT deployments, and mission-critical communications. However, the deployment and management of 5G networks pose several challenges and considerations. Infrastructure deployment requires substantial investment and coordination, while ensuring interoperability between different vendors' equipment and standards remains a pressing issue. Spectrum availability and allocation also play a critical role in determining the performance and capacity of 5G networks, necessitating careful regulatory oversight and spectrum management strategies. Despite these challenges, the implications of 5G technology are far-reaching and profound. From empowering smart cities and autonomous vehicles to enabling the widespread adoption of IoT devices and applications, 5G networks have the potential to reshape industries, drive innovation, and enhance the quality of life for billions of people around the world. 5G communication networks represent a paradigm shift in the way we connect and communicate. With their advanced architecture, dynamic management capabilities, and transformative potential, 5G networks are poised to unlock new opportunities, accelerate digital transformation, and usher in a new era of connectivity and innovation.

The evolution of communication networks has witnessed a remarkable transformation with the advent of 5G technology. As the latest generation of cellular networks, 5G promises to revolutionize the way we connect, communicate, and interact with the digital world. This paper explores the architecture, management, and implications of 5G communication networks, shedding light on the key features, challenges, and opportunities presented by this transformative technology. At the core of 5G networks lies a sophisticated architecture designed to deliver unprecedented levels of speed, reliability, and connectivity. The 5G New Radio (NR) architecture encompasses three primary components: the User Equipment (UE), the Radio Access Network (RAN), and the Core Network (CN). These components work in tandem to facilitate seamless communication between user devices and the broader network infrastructure. One of the defining features of 5G networks is their ability to support significantly higher data speeds and lower latency compared to previous generations. With the potential to deliver data rates of several gigabits per second and latency as low as a few milliseconds, 5G opens the door to a plethora of innovative applications and services, ranging from immersive virtual reality experiences to real-time remote surgeries. Effective management of 5G networks is paramount to ensuring optimal performance, reliability, and security. Network management systems employ advanced algorithms for dynamic resource allocation, quality of service (QoS) optimization, and network slicing. Network slicing, in particular, enables operators to create virtual networks tailored to specific use cases, such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT deployments, and mission-critical communications. However, the deployment and management of 5G networks pose several challenges and considerations. Infrastructure deployment requires substantial investment and coordination, while ensuring interoperability between different vendors' equipment and standards remains a pressing issue. Spectrum availability and allocation also play a critical role in determining the performance and capacity of 5G networks, necessitating careful regulatory oversight and spectrum management strategies. Despite these challenges, the implications of 5G technology are far-reaching and profound. From empowering smart cities and autonomous vehicles to enabling the widespread adoption of IoT devices and applications, 5G networks have the potential to reshape industries, drive innovation, and enhance the quality of life for billions of people around the world. 5G communication networks represent a paradigm shift in the way we connect and communicate. With their advanced architecture, dynamic management capabilities, and transformative potential, 5G networks are poised to unlock new opportunities, accelerate digital transformation, and usher in a new era of connectivity and innovation.

Methods for analyzing failures in communication networks are described and a new method is proposed. Failure frequency and severity are important as criteria to evaluate the impacts of failures on users and network operation. The time trend of failure frequency is analyzed by using the cumulative number failures, and the failure severity is described by the product of outage time and the number of users affected by a failure. The relationship of failure frequency and severity is estimated by the generalized Pareto probability distribution. Examples of analyzing failures by using the outage data collected in an actual communication network are presented. The proposed method facilitates the operation and management of carrier-grade communication networks provided to millions of end users. Our proposed method can be flexibly applied to various types of network structures and has been used successfully in our work.

In this paper, a method of unavailability evaluation for communication network management is proposed. This method supports the management of large-scale communication networks provided to end users. The unavailability model for communication networks and the evaluation procedure is described. The time trend of network reliability can be understood by considering the characteristics of unavailability over short periods. Examples of evaluation of the network unavailability and management scenarios in a communication network are presented. Our reliability modeling and evaluation method can be flexibly applied to various types of network architectures and has been used successfully in our work.

The article, based on a theoretical and practical study of the essence and features of the regulation of information and legal relations in the conditions of russian aggression, focuses on the problematic issues of organizational and legal provision of information security as an activity aimed at the prevention, timely detection and termination of threats that destructively affect vital interests of the individual, society and the state in the information sphere. It has been proved that the analysis of the results of the adoption of international legal acts by the UN General Assembly in recent years, with their short-sighted and futile vision, confidently prove that the entire burden of the organizational and legal provision of information security in the formation of principled positions on the regulation of norms aimed at the development of a single mechanism in counteracting threats to geopolitical information security still rests with states within their territorial jurisdiction. It has been determined that the informational pressure, which russia has continuously been using against Ukraine over the past decade, is being accompanied by frantic information propaganda aimed at discrediting public authorities, baseless accusations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the deaths of people in the temporarily occupied territory, and the imposition of the chauvinistic idea of defending “russian” peace”, the return of the post-Soviet republics to the “renewed Union” with its imperial goals of aggression. Taking into account the problems of organizational and legal provision of information security, an analysis of the implementation of legal acts regulating informational and legal relations in the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war has been carried out. Attention has been drawn to the order of creation and running of the system of operational and technical management of electronic communication networks of public use and the national centre of management of electronic communication networks for the purposes of defence and security of the state in conditions of martial law. The issues of combating phishing as a form of information attack, which, having been presented as a simple electronic message, is carried out by criminal groups in a deceptive way on the user in order to obtain any type of data, have been studied out. The problems associated with the implementation of the filtering system for phishing domains, which may create additional significant risks and pose threats to the information security of Ukraine, have been outlined. The mechanisms of organizational and legal protection against disinformation and the means of countering it have been defined. Taking into account the recommendations of the numerous scientists and practitioners, proposals have been made to optimize the organizational and legal provision of information security in the conditions of russian aggression.

Beyond 5G networks will be fundamental towards enabling sustainable mobile communication networks. One of the most challenging scenarios will be met in ultra-dense networks that are deployed in densely populated areas. In this particular case, mobile network operators should benefit from new assessment metrics and data science tools to ensure an effective management of their networks. In fact, incorporating architectures allowing a cognitive network management framework could simplify processes and enhance the network’s performance. In this paper, we propose the use of composite indicators based on key performance indicators both as a tool for a cognitive management of mobile communications networks, as well as a metric which could successfully integrate more advanced user-centric measurements. Composite indicators can successfully synthesize and integrate large amounts of data, incorporating in a single index different metrics selected as triggers for autonomous decisions. The paper motivates and describes the use of this methodology, which is applied successfully in other areas with the aim of ranking metrics to simplify complex realities. A use case that is based on a universal mobile telecommunications system network is analyzed, due to technology simplicity and scalability, as well as the availability of key performance indicators. The use case focuses on analyzing the fairness of a network over different coverage areas as a fundamental metric in the operation and management of the networks. To this end, several ranking and visualization strategies are presented, providing examples of how to extract insights from the proposed composite indicator.

Reliable communication in a traffic signal network is essential for responsive traffic management. However, communication malfunctions often go unnoticed by transportation agencies because of unfamiliarity with the potential problems and inefficiencies that can arise from poor communication quality. Therefore, this paper focuses on the critical effects of communication loss on data quality and signal coordination. On the basis of regionwide event-based data collected in the city of Tucson, Arizona, a data quality control method with criteria specifying the completeness of event-based data was proposed and implemented. The quantified analysis provides a better understanding of data completeness than is possible by simply scanning real-time monitoring states. The proposed method provides an effective tool that will enable practitioners to diagnose problems with missing data and to evaluate the health and capability of a communication network for event-based data collection. A further investigation of how signal performance is affected by communication loss found unexpected changes in traffic progression, a situation identified by using a statistical analysis method and evaluated by monitoring control delay. The evaluation results for test cases found significant increases in the control delays between 27% and 720% when communication losses occurred. This study provides an innovative data-driven approach that supports smarter asset management of signal communication networks and ultimately will enhance signal performance.

Integration of smart grid with renewable energy sources: Opportunities and challenges – A comprehensive review

The presented paper sets the goal of providing computer engineering courses based on a single-board computers (SBC) with the organization of the remote education process. The devised approach relies on the connection to the local area network (wired or wireless) of the university, making the board accessible to the internal users, and creation of a network tunnel between the remote user and connected parts. These actions are accompanied by assignments of necessary permissions to the users of the system. First, the requirements of each involved actor were considered and as a result of that further understanding of the network communication process, network management and administration, software requirements, etc. was acquired. According to these results, analysis of the capabilities of SBC in terms of its connectivity was performed and, finally, the architecture was realized on the available hardware with regard to the peculiarities of the specific subject. The article establishes all the necessary details on the implementation of the proposed architecture and discusses results of the testing performed as a part of the specific course. During the testing stage, the deployed system based on FriendlyARM Nano Pi allowed us to organize the course on Real-Time Embedded Computer Systems and successfully finish all related activities under circumstances of remote education. It was demonstrated that the proposed organization is reliable as demonstrates conceivable performance even under condition of multiple simultaneous connections to the target board. From the administrative point of view, the solution is highly configurable which is a huge advantage for the lecturer and for the administrator. The devised architecture has a potential in terms of improvement and scalability because it consumes relatively low network capacity and is easy to deploy under any circumstances.

Visible light communication (VLC) can accomplish the two-fold goal of illumination and short-range communication with the advantages of low cost, free spectrum, natural confidentiality, and low energy consumption, whereas interference management is a major challenge in VLC networks. In this paper, we propose a coalition formation framework for interference management in VLC networks. VLC access points (APs) are designed to self-organize into cooperation coalitions for interference cancellation through orthogonal time or frequency domain. The performances of VLC APs with and without forming coalitions are both analyzed. Based on coalition formation game theory, a simple merge-and-split algorithm based on Pareto order is proposed. The convergence, stability, and complexity of the proposed algorithm are further discussed. Numerical results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

In order to accomplish cost-efficient management of complex optical communication networks, operators are seeking automation of network diagnosis and management by means of Machine Learning (ML). To support these objectives, new functions are needed to enable cognitive, autonomous management of optical network security. This article focuses on the challenges related to the performance of ML-based approaches for detection and localization of optical-layer attacks, and to their integration with standard Network Management Systems (NMSs). We propose a framework for cognitive security diagnostics that comprises an attack detection module with Supervised Learning (SL), Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL), and Unsupervised Learning (UL) approaches, and an attack localization module that deduces the location of a harmful connection and/or a breached link. The influence of false positives and false negatives is addressed by a newly proposed Window-based Attack Detection (WAD) approach. We provide practical implementation guidelines for the integration of the framework into the NMS and evaluate its performance in an experimental network testbed subjected to attacks, resulting with the largest optical-layer security experimental dataset reported to date.