MAXIMUM PROFIT ANALYSIS USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING SIMPLEX METHOD AND POM-QM SOFTWARE AT UKM PIE BU SRI

The need for cake as a complementary food at various events causes the demand to increase. This increase has an impact on the production level that will be produced with the aim of increasing profits. The production process is related to the allocation of the right raw materials to be efficient, so that maximum profits will be obtained. This study aims to analyze the maximum profit of the Maesa Cake and Bakery Shop, Permata Legenda Branch. There are two types of products sold in this shop, namely Banana Bolu (X1) and Banana Bolen (X2). The research method used is linear programming which is solved by the simplex method and the use of the POM For Windows application. The data obtained is observational data by meeting the shop owner directly to be interviewed. The process of calculating the simplex method is carried out using Ms. Excel with several completion steps, starting from creating a simplex table, entering the coefficients of the objective function and constraints, looking for key columns, key rows, and key numbers, until the last step is achieving positive coefficients generated in the objective function row. The final result obtained is the process of the iterations carried out. Apart from using Ms. Excel, researchers also use the POM for Windows application. Use both software to find the maximum profit to be achieved. So it is found that the maximum profit that can be obtained in one day by the Maesa Cake and Bakery Branch of Permata Legenda is IDR 270,000.00; by producing 5 units of Banana Bolu and 50 units of Banana Bolen.

This study investigates coopetition in addressing the interactions among micro, small and medium enterprises. The fundamental cause of coopetition was examined and the degree to which it affects the enterprise performance as evidenced from micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) was evaluated. Premised on existing literature, intensity of cooperation, intensity of competition and intensity of equality were used as the dimensions of coopetition. The descriptive survey research method was applied. Structured questionnaires were administered to 1876 MSMEs in Nigeria. The structural equation model was used in analyzing data to establish the extent of influence of coopetition on MSMEs performance. It was established that coopetition affects asses to technology and market share. It was also revealed that the intensity of competition affects coopetition more and access to technology was seen as the most significant reason MSMEs are involved in coopetition. The findings of the study also show that MSMEs mostly take part in coopetition in order to ripe the benefits of technological advancement. The study is limited in scope to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Future studies should investigate the effect of coopetition on specific industries. MSMEs should engage more in coopetition in order to achieve their objectives and Entrepreneurs should design and manage competitive relationships with their key competitors in order not to lose their core competence. The study pays attention to the fundamental cause of coopetition and establishing factors that influence cooperation which have direct effect on competition. This study also adds intensity of equality as a measurement of coopetition based on literatures reviewed as previous empirical studies did not include it.

PurposeProduct advantage is consistently identified as the most important product characteristic in explaining the adoption and success of a new product. In small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs), in particular, improving new product performance is critical in supporting SME survival and growth. Given that SMEs are a vital component of most economies improving their ability to effectively launch new products is an essential activity for sustainability. However, although literature illustrates that developing products with high levels of product advantage and new product development is advantageous, few studies have explored product advantage activities in SMEs and consequently research on product advantage is over-reliant on large firm studies. Given the specific resource constraints which challenge SME new product development (i.e. financial, expertise, access to networks etc.) context-specific research is critical. The purpose of this paper is to address these gaps in literature by exploring the product advantage activities in four manufacturing SMEs actively engaged in product development.Design/methodology/approachThe research question centres on exploring the antecedents of product advantage in SMEs (market uncertainties, competitive intensity, resource uncertainties and technological uncertainties) in the context of multi-dimensional perspective of product advantage (consisting of product innovativeness, product superiority and product meaningfulness). A qualitative interpretivist approach was used to explore the research question exploring the antecedents to, and nature of, product advantage in SMEs. Case studies were used to inductively and holistically view SMEs in their entirety, this approach facilitated in-depth understanding of the reality of the SME and allowed for the interpretation of the SMEs owner/managers perspectives on product advantage.FindingsThe empirical findings suggest that the most significant antecedent of product advantage in the case SMEs was competitive intensity followed by technology uncertainty and resource uncertainty and then market uncertainty. Product advantage was found to be strongly based on product meaningfulness with elements of product innovativeness and product superiority also defining their perspective of product advantage.Research limitations/implicationsThere are several implications for SME owner/managers arising from this study. In the context of these findings, SMEs need to carefully consider three issues in supporting their new product development: first, their dependence on letting existing customers drives their new product development; second, owner/manager perceptions of product advantage are focused on delivering guaranteed sales, this focus nurtures incremental continuous product development rather than radical discontinuous innovation. While this strategy is low risk and supports SME sustainability, it could lead to less ambitious innovation strategies and slower growth for SMEs; third, antecedents of product advantage such as competitive intensity, technology uncertainty and resource uncertainty and market uncertainty need to carefully managed.Originality/valueThis study illustrates the complex nature of the antecedents and nature of product advantage in SMEs. The study provides insight into the product advantage characteristics that SMEs consider important in the development of new products. Different elements of each of the three product advantage constructs (product meaningfulness, product superiority and customer meaningfulness) are considered important under different conditions. Throughout this analysis, market needs and wants, technology, competitors and resources emerged as the defining conditions upon which product advantage decisions are based. More specifically knowledge regarding the market, technology, competition and the availability of resources dictated the type and levels of advantages that were presented in new products.

Omah Jenang is one of the industries engaged in the production of traditional snacks. Currently Omah Jenang does not yet have guidelines for realizing the formation of the composition of production quantities correctly based on calculations that still use forecasting methods. Therefore Omah Jenang often experiences difficulties in providing raw materials and determining maximum profits. The purpose of this study was to de-termine the optimum yield of profits at Omah Jenang by using the simplex method linear program with the help of Lindo Software. The data used is food production data at the Omah Jenang Home Industry in 2022. The method used in this study is the Linear Pro-gramming simplex method and the Lindo Software application. The results of optimization calculations using the linear programming method and the help of Lindo Software are that the maximum profit in a month is IDR 20,000,000 in producing 800 packages of madumongso. Based on the calculation results it can be concluded that the benefits obtained by using the simplex method with the help of Lindo Software can be obtained maximum results.

MSME: Nursery for Entrepreneurshipp: A Legal Perspective

In every economy of the world, the impact of the SME is not taken for granted as for all healthy economy, there must be a healthy SME due to the fact that, their contribution to the production volumes in terms of exports, innovations and the entrepreneur skills is vital for every economy to grow. There is a reasonable level of agreement among policy makers, theorists, economists, and business experts that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are drivers of economic growth. SMEs’ access to credit has been a serious subject of debates to policy makers and researchers of both developed and developing economies based on the pivotal and significant role of SMEs’ in growing the private sector as well as the global economies as an extension to the nations. Hence, there is a need to examine the bank lending capacities to the SMEs’ in Nigeria and its effects on the Nigerian business environment, the impact of financial crisis in Nigeria on SMEs’ access to bank credit, in addition, to determine the impact of SMEs’ on the Nigerian economy. The study employed the use of secondary source of data in the relevant literatures and data generated from the Central Bank of Nigeria Bulletin, 2016 on Credit Accessibility to the SME sector in Nigeria from the year 1992-2015. An econometric analysis was used specifically regression analysis. The result confirmed that Bank lending capacity as one of the factors of financial crisis does affect the SMEs access to credit, and there is a strong and positive relationship between the SMEAC, Foreign Direct Investment, Interest Rate and Inflation while there is a strong and negative relationship between the SMEAC, GDP Total, CBTC and the Money Supplied. However, there is a weak relationship between the SMEAC and the SMEGDP and CBLSME. The result indicates that, as the Interest Rate and Inflation continue to increase it has a negative influence on the SMEs access to credit through the commercial banks. It is recommended to the Nigerian government that, economic policies that would favour the establishment of more SMEs with access to flexible credit facilities be made. In addition, the government needs to improve on the commercial bank lending capacities to the SMEs as this when positively managed will positively influence the contribution of the SMEs GDP Keywords : Financial Crisis, credit Accessibility, small and medium enterprises DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-1-05

<em>The research was conducted on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Magelang and Temanggung areas. The problem in this study is whether social media and its benefits affect the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). How does the use of social media affect the marketing of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using social media on the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). to determine the effect of using social media on the marketing of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The method in this research is this research is a descriptive observational research on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Magelang City and Temanggung City. This study uses in-depth interviews and observations of SMEs. Methods of descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative analysis. Results are displayed in tables and graphs. The results show that MSMEs have used social media in developing their business, especially in product introduction and marketing. The most widely used social media are Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp</em>

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are 99.9% of total businesses in Indonesia. Mapping/clustering potential of SMEs that built in accordance with the conditions of the region/administrative, potential resources (commodities) and business units (production centers and groups) can be used as an indicator and the benchmark for guidance, development and supervision in order to strengthen the spine and the national economic structure. Objectives of the study are (1) identify potential SMEs that built in accordance with business information and problems encountered; (2) compile a database of selected target SMEs in the form of statistical profiles that are relevant to the purposes of guidance, development and supervision (success indicators and critical); (3) develop a standard model or alternative development, SMEs development and built a successful surveillance with the potential clustering patterns (base development) in accordance with local circumstances, and economic sectors. In this study used techniques: (1) desk research of secondary data sourced from SMEs that built by PT. Sucofindo and literature on SMEs-related studies conducted; (2) a brief survey to the selected SMEs locations from the point (1) purposively to obtain primary data as a verification activity that is supported by effective semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis carried out descriptively, both qualitative and quantitative. From the study guidance, development and supervision of SMEs that built by PT Sucofindo available facts and data (information business, determinants, the feasibility of the business sector, loan repayment status and conceptual models) that SMEs that built can be categorized pre-enterprise SMEs and businesses running. Business grouping determines the smoothness of debt servicing. Therefore, in order to establish indicators of the model guidance, development and supervision in accordance with the type of SME, then the PT. Sucofindo requires an assessment system that is easy, fast, accurate, reliable and trustworthy, that can later be used as an effective guide for guidance, development and supervision of SMEs in general and in particular SMEs that built by PT. Sucofindo used a generic approach in business performance indicators that are supported by indicators of business drivers. Model guidance, development and supervision SMEs that has done so far by PT. Sucofindo still be reliable, but for the speed and feasibility of the establishment of SMEs which will be built into the front according to selected economic sectors, would be equipped with an approach that resulted in the studies of guidance, development and supervision, namely the general model of guidance, development and supervision of SMEs that built based on SMEs that built issues, systems of SMEs that built, assumptions, conceptual models and variables that can be measured. Guidance, development and supervision of SMEs that built, with potential cluster approach can be performed on: (1) category of solid natural resources, when positioned on the outskirts of the city and labor intensive, when positioned in the center of town; (2) technical assistance and competency-based according to the phase business. Both of the thing are helping improve the performance and structural improvement of SMEs, increase their competitiveness and resilience of SMEs supported by the core business, supporting business and related businesses intensively interconnected

MSMEs are vital to Indonesia's economy, making a substantial contribution to GDP and employment. Nevertheless, a number of MSME players encounter obstacles such restricted capital availability, weak financial management abilities, and a lack of appropriate business mentoring. This study aims to analyze the role of the Cooperative, MSME, and Labor Department of Palu City in empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) actors in 2022. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data sources in this study consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with staff of the Cooperative, MSME, and Labor Department of Palu City who work in the MSME field. Secondary data was obtained from official documents and archives (RSIP) owned by the department, particularly those related to MSME empowerment programs. Data collection techniques used include interviews, documentation, and collection of related documents from relevant agencies. Research results show that the Cooperative, MSME, and Labor Department of Palu City has implemented various empowerment programs, such as providing equipment and capital assistance, as well as business mentoring. The total business capital funds distributed to 1,101 MSME actors reached Rp2,202,000,000, and equipment assistance was adjusted according to each type of business. This program positively impacts MSME growth and poverty reduction in Palu City, despite challenges like low awareness of training, uneven mentoring, and limited capacity in business management and financial recording. Therefore, more intensive, integrated, and sustainable empowerment strategies are needed to optimally improve MSME capacity and competitiveness.

In the ever-changing global environment, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face unique and formidable challenges, particularly in the wake of the pandemic. With their dependence on personal interactions and limited resources, along with a lack of digitalization, technology adoption, and online presence, MSMEs are at a high risk of survival. To overcome these operational and supply chain obstacles, MSMEs must embrace digitalization. However, weak institutional foundations, industry-specific issues, and resource-based costs in developing countries, particularly Vietnam, have hindered their adoption. This research study aims to examine the intricate relationship between strategy tripods, digitalization, and firm performance in the context of Vietnamese MSMEs. This study employs structural equation modeling to rigorously test the proposed hypotheses, drawing upon a researcher-designed survey administered to 382 MSMEs. The findings provide valuable insights into the barriers that hinder digitalization adoption in developing countries, emphasizing the crucial roles of government support, knowledge creation and absorption, and competitive intensity. Moreover, the study uncovers the positive impact of firm engagement in digitalization on post-digitalization performance. By contributing to a deeper understanding of the implications of strategy tripods and digitalization for MSME performance in Vietnam, this research offers actionable insights for policymakers and facilitates the development of effective training programs tailored towards digitalization, ultimately fostering sustainable outcomes.

The Indonesian government has always paid considerable attention to the existence and development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This is because the number of MSMEs in Indonesia is very large, and MSMEs are able to absorb a high enough workforce with small business capital that easily adapts to market needs. The current era of digitalization requires MSME players to maximize promotional and marketing activities online. Besides that, MSMEs must obtain basic permits such as IUMK, HS and PIRT permits. Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village is located in Bangka Regency, has 98 MSME units. MSMEs that have pocketed new permits are 34%. The type of MSME cultivated by the community in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village is processed food. MSMEs do not yet have an online market place to sell MSME products online. Therefore, there is a need for assistance for MSMEs in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village to create technology-based and competitive businesses. To realize this there are several problems that partners (MSMEs) have, namely: lack of knowledge regarding clean standard production processes, and procedures for registration to obtain IUMK, HS and PIRT permits. Another problem that partners have is limited knowledge in using technology for promotion and marketing, so they have not reached a wider market share. Solutions that can be offered are to help partners by increasing knowledge about production processes with clean standards by conducting direct coaching to partners, facilitating the registration of IUMK permits, Certificates of Eligible Hygene Sanitation and PIRT. In order to reach a wider market share and to have strong coordination among MSME players, training was conducted on registration and design of packaging stickers for the promotion and marketing of all MSME products in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village. Community service activities with targeted partners for MSME actors in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Sub-District are running smoothly and well, so they can achieve the set targets. This community service activity is in the form of outreach and direct assistance to target partners. The knowledge and awareness of MSME actors has increased regarding the submission of product legality, at the end of the activity all MSME actors already have NIB and PIRT certificates. Awareness of having attractive and informative packaging stickers is increasing, MSME players have received packaging stickers to support product promotion.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a very important role in national economic growth. MSMEs are actually nothing new. However, there are still many rural communities who do not know what MSMEs are and what kinds of businesses are categorized as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Besides that. Village communities who have become MSME actors experience several problems in developing MSMEs. This lack of knowledge about MSME development strategies is one of the factors causing MSMEs to be difficult to develop in rural areas. Cimaung Village has one MSME in the form of processed tempe. Where this tempeh is processed into various flavored tempeh chips. This is quite good because there has been innovation in the tempe processing. However, the marketing process is still limited, traditionally done in the physical market. Based on this, it is necessary to disseminate information regarding the introduction and strategies regarding the development of this MSME. This socialization aims to provide a brief introduction to MSMEs to people who are not perpetrators of MSMEs, and also provide information on what strategies can make MSMEs grow

Digital development for a progressive networked society

The study examines the effect of government policy on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Anambra State. The study was anchored on the business growth theory. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The Population was 1,200 SME operators in Anambra State. The sample size of 300 SMEs was employed using Yamane’s formula. Questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection used in the study. Regression was used to analyse the formulated hypotheses in the study. The study discover that government credit policy granted, government tax policy and government licensing policy has a significant positive effect on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Onitsha North Local Government area, Anambra State. The study concludes that government policy has a positive significant effect on the growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises. The study recommends among others that government should reassess its various policies put in place to alleviate negative effect on credit policy on the growth of SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. Government should develop a system for tax payment so as to enhance efficiency in tax collection and payment

This study uses Inglehart’s measures of sociological culture, to examine the relationship between culture and the leverage of small and medium enterprises. Using system generalized methods of moments methodology on an unbalanced panel data of 96,349 firms over 10 years, we find that emancipative (secular) values are negatively (positively) associated with leverage through the mechanisms of trust and family borrowings, respectively. We also show that financial literacy moderates the relationship between culture and leverage. Furthermore, country bankruptcy procedures and information environment determine the extent of the interaction effect of financial literacy and culture on the debt usage by small and medium enterprises. Our study offers policy implications to financial institutions and decision-makers for the promotion of small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurship training and development. as culture, financial literacy, and institutions play a significant role in small and medium enterprises’ financing decisions. • Sociological culture is related to debt usage by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). • Emancipative (survival) values are negatively (positively) related to leverage possibly due to the higher level of trust in emancipative societies. • Secular (traditional) values are positively(negatively) related to SME debt usage most likely explained by the tendency of traditional societies to rely on personal borrowings from family and friends instead of debt. • The level of financial literacy in a society affects the degree of the culture impact on SME leverage. • Institutional characteristics such as, country bankruptcy procedures and information environment, determine the extent of the interplay of financial literacy and culture on the level of SME debt. • This study provides many policy implications. • Specifically, our results guide policies for institutional initiatives tailored to cultural contexts and offer implications for entrepreneurial training and development in SMEs.