Measuring Up American Journalism

Examines American journalists' and media companies' roles in Hitler's Germany, reigniting the debate on the relationship between political power and the media. Despite Hitler's international use of propaganda, and despite the power of the US press, historians have neglected American journalists' activity in Nazi Germany. American media companies expanded their presence in Germany after 1933, and the Associated Press (AP) conducted business with Hitler's regime throughout the war. Norman Domeier's study, now in English, is the first to examine critically and in detail the roles of American journalists and media companies in Hitler's Germany, showing that they knew about but kept secret the plans for rearmament, the occupation of the Rhineland, the annexation of Austria, and the invasions of Denmark, Norway, and the Soviet Union. The book documents the "companionship" between Adolf Hitler and Karl Henry von Wiegand, chief German correspondent of the Hearst press, who was the first and last American to interview him. Most important, it details the secret exchange of news photographs - discovered by Domeier in 2017 - between the AP and the Nazis from 1942 to 1945. Thousands of AP photos were used in the Nazi press, usually with anti-American or anti-Semitic spin, while the AP distributed ca. 40,000 Nazi photographs to US newspapers. Domeier's book reignites the debate on the relationship between political power and the media, opening up new perspectives on the political and cultural history of journalism beyond one-sided idealizations.

Women's History and Digital Media: Uniting Scholarship and Pedagogy Shelley E. Rose (bio) Thomas Dublin and Kathryn Kish Sklar. "Black Women Suffragists."Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600–2000. Alexander Street Press. ISSN 2164-537X (Basic Edition); ISSN 2164-5361 (Scholar's Edition). http://wass.alexanderstreet.com. P. Gabrielle Foreman. Colored Conventions Project. http://coloredconven-tions.org/. "History of Women's Struggle in South Africa."South African History Online. http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-womens-struggle-south-africa. In the twenty-fifth anniversary issue of the Journal of Women's History( JWH), historian Claire Bond Potter asks, "Has the Internet made a difference to the practice of women'shistory? If so, what difference has it made?" 1Potter emphasizes the potential and challenges of a range of digital resources for women's and gender history, focusing on matters of access, creation of community, and the role of such "traditional" academic arenas as print journals and the standard of sole authored works in the process. This digital media review essay marks the beginning of a new JWHinitiative, connecting the traditional and digital realms of publishing while enhancing a sense of community among scholars of women's and gender history from diverse backgrounds and career paths. The Journal of Women's Historyjoins such peer-reviewed journals as the American Historical Review, the Journal of American History, Western Historical Quarterly, and Bulletin of the History of Medicinein vetting digital media. In a timely intervention, the historian Cameron Blevins calls for historians to seize and shape the current wave of reviews. He observes that peer-review of digital projects ranges from informal Twitter dialogues and blog posts to print journals and, in his analysis, falls into three general categories: pedagogy and public engagement, academic scholarship, and data and design criticism. 2Limiting a digital media review to only one or two of these categories, however, potentially obscures a major contribution of digital projects. 3This review therefore focuses on the primary strength [End Page 157]of digital media projects: the ability to bridge the gap between scholarship and pedagogy. Currently, many digital media reviews reinforce a false dichotomy between scholarship and pedagogy. The Journal of American History( JAH), for example, sponsored by the Organization of American Historians, began publishing "web site reviews" as early as June 2009 in collaboration with the educator resources site History Mattersjointly sponsored by American Social History Project and the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media. The JAHeditors explicitly name educators as their primary review audience. 4The American Historical Association (AHA) creates a similar separation between digital media scholarship and pedagogy. In 2016, the AHA Todayblog launched the excellent "Teaching with #DigHist" series, edited by historian and high school teacher John Rosinbum, which discusses the use of a range of digital projects in the secondary and university-level classroom. In terms of scholarship, Alex Lichtenstein's 2016 introduction to American Historical Review's "AHR Exchange: Reviewing Digital History," characterizes the AHR'sstrategy of pairing digital media reviews with responses from digital editors as an "opportunity to defend their approach and to clarify how the digital medium made it possible for them to push scholarship in new interpretive directions." 5This distinct focus on scholarly contributions in the traditional journal aligns with the AHA "Guidelines for the Professional Evaluation of Digital Scholarship by Historians," released in June 2015, where the terms "teaching" and "pedagogy" do not appear in the main section "Forms and Functions of Digital Scholarship." 6On the AHA website, however, these scholarship guidelines are found under the site heading "Teaching and Learning," which indicates the need for more focused discussions in the historical profession on the role of digital media projects in scholarship and teaching. Digital media consumers represent a broad audience, including academics who identify strongly with both scholar and educator communities. Early adopters of digital media, furthermore, are cognizant of statistics that reveal significant numbers of K-12 educators utilizing primary and secondary sources made available through large scale projects like German History in Documents and Images( GHDI) and the Library of Congress's American Memory. 7Data from...

"This study will mark a turning point in the historiography of religion in colonial New York.... a book that every student of that subject must reckon with." -Patricia Bonomi, New York University"... excellent and significantly revisionist examination... " -American Studies International"... concise, insightful, and provocative... an important contribution that warrants the attention of all students of American religion." -Journal of the Early Republic"... an important accomplishment... " -Journal of American History"... Pointer has written a fine piece of church history that explores the interactions of denominations and politics in eighteenth-century New York. He has filled an important gap in the religious history of colonial America." -American Historical Review"Pointer’s study will be valuabe to those curious about the wonderful religious tapestry of colonial New York." -Journal of Church and State"Richard Pointer should be commended for both his scholarship and his courage.... Pointer has written the most complete analysis we have of the impact and development of evangelical Protestantism in the province and state before 1800." -New York History"... this is really an engaging piece of scholarship intended for the student of early America, but certainly useful to anyone having an interest in the origins of American pluralism and its impact on religious equality and toleration." -History"A major new study in colonial American religious history... " -Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

Reviewed by: Aiming for Pensacola: Fugitive Slaves on the Atlantic and Southern Frontiers by Matthew J. Clavin John H. Matsui Aiming for Pensacola: Fugitive Slaves on the Atlantic and Southern Frontiers. By Matthew J. Clavin. ( Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 2016. Pp. [x] 252. $35.00, ISBN 978-0-674-08822-1.) Although never explicitly referred to as such, Matthew J. Clavin's book is a significant contribution to borderlands history. If borderlands history once emphasized the frontiers of nations and empires, it now deals with, as Pekka Hämäläinen and Samuel Truett have written, "ambiguous and often-unstable realms where boundaries are also crossroads, peripheries are also central places, homelands are also passing-through places, and the end points of empire are also forks in the road" ("On Borderlands," Journal of American History, 98 [September 2011], 338). These words ring true for Florida, which was the site of imperial and racial conflict as well as cooperation between Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans well before the United States annexed it. The conflict between Spanish and English colonists, American nationals, Native Americans, and Africans over land and slavery hardly ceased in 1821. [End Page 407] This work's ambitious claims extend further than the existing research on self-emancipated slaves warrants. While at least three hundred fugitives from American slavery ran to Pensacola in the four decades before the American Civil War, they represent the tip of the iceberg of selfemancipated Americans in those years. Recent studies of the American abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad reinforce this sense of scale. Manisha Sinha notes that historians today estimate some 150,000 African Americans freed themselves by running away between 1830 and 1860 (The Slave's Cause: A History of Abolition [New Haven, 2016], 382). Eric Foner concurs, suggesting that 1,000 to 5,000 annually voted with their feet for freedom in those three decades (Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad [New York, 2015], 4). Yet scale is not everything. Spanish Florida was a colonial society with slaves, but it also contained free people of color who "benefited from the absence of the inflexible binary racial divide that characterized neighboring Anglo-American societies and the strictly ordered caste system that persisted throughout much of Spanish America" (p. 26). Indeed, not only were some black Floridians free, but also some were armed. Louisiana's Third Battalion—stationed in Pensacola after the American Revolution—included black soldiers who wore red coats left behind by the British, an irony not missed by American visitors. Over a hundred black and mixed-race men formed part of the Pensacola militia, a phenomenon absent from the southern United States outside of New Orleans. By the final years of Spanish rule a majority of Pensacola's nearly one thousand residents were black. By 1860 Florida was by far the smallest of the future Confederate states in a demographic sense, and when admitted to the Union a few months before Texas, it had barely a quarter of the Lone Star State's population. Florida's white population was a third as large as that of Arkansas, the next smallest rebel state. Considering Florida's peripheral status and long coastline, it was little surprise that the Confederacy expended few resources on the defense of the state or that the Union was able to maintain control of Fort Pickens near Pensacola. By May 1862, Confederate forces abandoned the Pensacola region due to manpower shortages and the demand for soldiers along the western front in Tennessee. Black Floridians quickly allied with Union soldiers who occupied Florida. This military backwater was governed by abolitionist generals. Underground Railroad conductor Neal Dow of New England arrived at Pensacola as a Union brigadier general and began recruiting and arming slaves. Other antislavery officers organized Sunday schools where black soldiers and children alike could learn to read. From its inception as a Spanish colony through the American Civil War years, Florida defied the racial norms set by the Spanish, British, and Americans due in part to its location at the intersection of those competing worlds. Clavin has given American and borderlands historians an excellent study of one underappreciated frontier...

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CIVIL WAR ARTICLES: 1965 Compiled by Ada M. Stoflet I. General Cunliffe, Marcus. "Recent Writing on the American Civil War." History, L, 26-35. Dodwell, H. B. "American Civil War." Contemporary Review, CCVI, 192-204. [A chronology.] 'The Final Assembly of the Civil War Centennial Commission and the State Historical Society's Spring Tour." Illinois State Historical Society. Journal, LVIII, 190-199. Larson, Norman C. "The Confederate Centennial: A Report." North Carolina Historical Review, XLII, 216-223. McWhiney, Grady. "Who Whipped Whom? Confederate Defeat Reexamined ." Civil War History, XI, 5-26. Robertson, James I., Jr. "The Two-Sided War." Kansas Historical Quarterly , XXXI, 63-66. Stoflet, Ada M., comp. "A Bibliography of Civil War Articles: 1964." Civä War History, XI, 178-203. Temple, Wayne C. "Last Assembly of the Civil War Centennial Commission ." Lincoln Herald, LXVII, 83-90. II. Slavery and the Antebellum South Craven, Avery O. "Historical Adventure." Journal of American History, LI (1964), 5-20. [Manning-Chestnut family in antebellum South Carolina .] Duram, James C. "A Study of Frustration: Britain, the USA and the African Slave Trade, 1815-1870." Social Science, XL, 220-225. Fishlow, Albert. "Antebellum Interregional Trade Reconsidered." American Economic Review, LIV (1964), 352-364. Hill, Leonard U. "John Randolph's Freed Slaves Settle in Western Ohio." Cincinnati Historical Society. Bulletin, XXIII, 179-186. Jenkins, John H., ed. "Murder the Entire White Population." Texana, III, 180-182. Katz, William. "Another Slave Freed." Journal of Negro History, L, 121-123. Logan, Gwendolyn Evans. "The Slave in Connecticut during the Revolution ." Connecticut Historical Society. Bulletin, XXX, 73-80. 156 Lucdncham, Bradford F. "Schoolcraft, Slavery and Self-Emancipation." Journal of Negro History, L, 118-121. Lynd, Staughton. "Rethinking Slavery and Reconstruction." Journal of Negro History, L, 198-209. Mathews, Donald G. "Methodist Mission to the Slaves, 1829-1844." Journal of American History, LI, 615-631. Miller, William L. "Note on the Importance of the Interstate Slave Trade of the Ante Bellum South." Journal of Politicai Economy, LXXIII, 181-187. Moore, John Hammond. "A Hymn of Freedom—South Carolina, 1813." Journal of Negro History, L, 50-53. Neyland, Leedell W. "The Free Negro in Florida." Negro History Bulletin , XXIX, 27-28+. Parker, Franklin. "Philip Vickers Fifthian: Northern Tutor on a Southern Plantation." Journal of the West, IV, 56-62. Proctor, William G., Jr. "Slavery in Southwest Georgia." Georgia Historical Quarterly, XLIX, 1-22. Reinders, Robert C. "The Free Negro in the New Orleans Economy, 1850-1860." Louisiana History, VI, 273-285. Rice, Otis K. "Coal Mining in the Kanawha Valley to 1861: A View of Industrialization in the Old South." Journal of Southern History, XXXI, 393-416. Schnell, Kempes. "Anti-Slavery Influences on the Status of Slaves in a Free State." Journal of Negro History, L, 257-273. Sio, Arnold A. "Interpretations of Slavery: The Slave Status in the Americas." Comparative Studies in Society and History, VII, 289-308. SuTCH, Richard. "The Profitability of Ante Bellum Slavery—Revisited." Southern Economic Journal, XXXI, 365-377. "A Reply" by Edward Saraydor, 377-383. Takai, Ronald. "The Movement to Reopen the African Slave Trade in South Carolina." South Carolina Historical Magazine, LXVI, 38-54. Williams, William Henry, ed. "Ten Letters from William Harris Crawford to Martin Van Buren." Georgia Historical Quarterly, XLIX, 65-81. WiNNiNCHAM, Mrs. Davto. "Sam Houston and Slavery." Texana, III, 93104 . Wax, Darold D. "Negro Imports into Pennsylvania, 1720-1766." Pennsylvania History, XXXII, 254-287. Wooster, Ralph A. "Membership in Early Texas Legislature, 1850-1860." Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LXIX, 163-173. III. Antislavery and Sectionalism "Abraham Lincoln's Hartford Speech of 5 March 1860." Kentucky. University . Libraries. Bulletin, XXV (October, 1964), [1-4]. "Anti-Slavery Song Books in Thoreau's Library." Emerson Society Quarterly , No. 36 (III Quarter, 1964), Parts 2 and 3, 52-121. Carroll, Kenneth L. "William Southeby, Early Quaker Antislavery 157 158civil war history Writer." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, LXXXIX, 416-427. "A Checklist of Literary Contributions to The Liberator." Emerson Society Bulletin, No. 40, Part 3, 133-150. CoNCLETON, Betty Carolyn. "George D. Prentice and Bloody Monday: A Reappraisal." Kentucky Historical Society. Register, LXIII, 218-239. [Election day, August 6, 1855, culminating first state campaign of Native American Party.] Dunson, A...

(2010). Negotiating in the Press: American Journalism and Diplomacy, 1918–1919 by Joseph R. Hayden Louisiana State University Press, 2010, 320 Pp. American Journalism: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 125-126.

This book looks at criticisms of the journalism profession and evaluates many of the changes in journalism--both positive and negative. In addition, it suggests what the many changes mean for this nation and indeed for the world at large, as American journalism--its methods and standards--has markedly influenced the way many millions overseas receive news and view their world. Based on author William Hachten's 50-year involvement with newspapers and journalism education, The Troubles of Journalism serves as a realistic examination of the profession, and is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate courses in journalism and media criticism. Since the previous edition of The Troubles of Journalism, many significant challenges have occurred in the media: the events of September 11, the war on terrorism, mergers and consolidation of media ownership, new concerns about press credibility, the expanding and controversial role of cable news channels, the growing impact role of news and comment on the Internet, and continuing globalization and controversy over the role of American media in international communications. To do justice to these recent "troubles" of the news media, important additions and modifications have been made in every chapter of this Third Edition.

The focus of research attention is concentrated on the features of the American ‘new journalism’ of the 1960s-80s, and the influence of its narrative and stylistic techniques on the prose and journalism of S.D. Dovlatov during the emigrant period of his work. The problem is to study the collections “Compromise” and “Speech for no reason... or Editor’s columns” in the context of the ‘new journalism’ in the USA, identifying the specific methods and techniques of this phenomenon used by Dovlatov. The authors of the article, based on Dovlatov’s immersion in the context of new American journalism and the proximity of its creative views to the principles put forward by T. Wolfe and his environment, consistently trace the influence of ‘new journalism’ on poetics of the emigrant collections. One of the key features of the new American journalism was desire to present reliable information using artistic techniques, thereby not only changing reader’s perception of the materials, but making them even more capable of eliciting a strong emotional response. As a result of the analysis of Dovlatov’s selected collections, some techniques and features of the ‘new journalism’ were discovered: the real basis of the plot; narration on behalf of a character associated with the personality of the author; dialogue; composite installation; details; internal monologue and specific punctuation. The use of these tools allowed Dovlatov not only to create the effect of the reliability of what is happening, but also to demonstrate the author’s position, entering into an indirect dialogue with the reader.

The News About the News: American Journalism in Peril By Leonard Downie, Jr. and Robert G. Kaiser (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002), 266 pages Does journalism have a future? We'll know, Leonard Downie, Jr., and Robert G. Kaiser tell us, when we have answers to these questions: * When most American households have high-speed, high-powered Internet connections that can bring video, sound and text into the home and onto electronic reading devices that are as easy to use as a television, a book or a magazine, how will that technology affect the way people get their news? * If the twenty-first century is to be an information age, what does that mean for journalism? Specifically, what will the inhabitants of an information age want or need in the way of news? * Will economic pressures continue to push down the quality of journalism? * Can America's finest news organizations survive? * Might the corporate owners of news organizations eventually decide that their best interests are served by encouraging better journalism and spending more money on covering the news? Downie and Kaiser - reporters and editors at The Washington Post for decades - see little cause for optimism. Their vision of journalism's future probably is no more pessimistic than that of most educators but can only be disquieting to those contemplating careers in the field. They envision a world in which: * Network television news continues to decline under economic pressures exerted by ever-more-distant corporate parents. * Local television news remains starved for resources and qualitatively challenged although highly profitable. * Daily newspapers will suffer in similar fashion because, as Kaiser told the Hartford Courant, It's extremely difficult to build a great news organization and extremely easy to it tear down. * Increasing use of the Internet to monitor breaking news may force broadcasters to work harder, the authors conclude, but consumers want more than razzle-dazzle. And corporate owners' preoccupation with profit and the resulting decline in product quality are not likely to be reversed. Journalism is not without its bright spots, Downie and Kaiser report. Media response to the events of Sept. 11, 2001, was exemplary of journalism at its best, they declare. Had their book been published a few months later, however, they'd doubtlessly have pointed to Disney's plan to supplant Ted Koppel's Nightline with David Letterman as incontrovertible evidence of the primacy of profit in network executive suites. The pursuit of profit is at the root of journalism's decline, Downie and Kaiser declare. Print and electronic newsrooms have been decimated by corporate executives dedicated to maintaining profit at any cost. The result has been unprecedented deterioration in media audiences. Much of the book documents events and trends well known to those in journalism and journalism education: * From hard news to magazine-like coverage of food, home decorating, entertainment, health, science and technology. …

This study utilizes the beheading of two American journalists, James Foley and Steven Sotloff by Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in 2014. The content analyses of 980 comments from three political blogs (Townhall - conservative, Daily Kos - liberal, and The Moderate Voice - moderate) reveal that the majority of blog users exhibited their subjective thoughts and opinions rather than engaging in deliberative communication based on deep reasoning. Blog users also did not show a reciprocal attitude, mostly ignoring different voices. Most comments were made based on one-sided perspectives.

This article contains scientific reflections on the ways of performing vocal parts in a contemporary opera on the example of the opera by a living Polish composer Elżbieta Sikora entitled Madame Curie, telling the story of life and work of an outstanding Polish scientist and Nobel Prize winner, Maria Curie-Skłodowska. Based on her own experiences in performing one of the roles in the opera - an American journalist, Missy Meloney - the author analyses the vocal part in terms of melodic, intonation, rhythmic, articulation and acting difficulties and forms conclusions about the specifics of voice leading.

morrell heald. Transatlantic Vistas: American Journalists in Europe, 1900–1940. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. 1988. Pp. xvi, 281. $24.00 Heald Morrell. Transatlantic Vistas: American Journalists in Europe, 1900–1940. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. 1988. Pp. xvi, 281. $24.00 Margaret A. Blanchard Margaret A. Blanchard University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 95, Issue 3, June 1990, Page 932, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/95.3.932 Published: 01 June 1990

Since the 1985 South African Media Controls, American journalists have not been able to rely on covering scenes of unrest. Instead, they have had to do more preliminary research in order to focus on the causes of the unrest. This has changed American coverage from an emphasis on the “what” of events to the “why” of events. As a result, the author argues, American news coverage has improved. Rather than reacting to events, American journalists are now trying more to explain why events have occurred. Americans, prior to the ban, did not know much about South African journalists. In fact, the only time Americans heard about South African journalists, was when those journalists were caught in a crossfire and injured. Americans assumed that South African journalists were mouthpieces for the Government. But the diversity and the breadth of the South African Press and the controversial nature of that Press, has been more evident since the ban. It is also argued that United States news organisations reporting from South Africa may have actually increased their story quality while learning to adapt to a new reporting environment.

In an interview with the Los Angeles Review of Books in November 2014, Lisa Duggan, then president of the American Studies Association (ASA), was asked about the state of the field. When her interviewer suggested American studies is department for boys who wanted to write about baseball, Duggan responded, Well, still have that! She continued,I'm laughing, but does describe a part of the field. But, if you look through the conference program, you see . . . work in black studies, ethnic studies, histories and politics of sexuality, in addition to more overtly political work on settler colonialism or on US relations with other parts of the world.1Duggan's first response to her interviewer's description-so silly it provoked laughter-upholds sport studies as juvenile and homosocial. Her observation we still have that intimates sport studies clings on, despite irrelevance. Contrasting sport studies with many of American studies' most important and thriving areas of inquiry, Duggan implies black studies, ethnic studies, gender and queer theory, and settler colonialism demand serious intellectual research while sport studies merits a chuckle. Both comments-what sport studies is and what it is not-stem from deeply rooted work/play dichotomies and mental/manual distinctions: How can talk of bodies at play beget rig- orous study? Both comments also assume sport studies is so hermetically sealed it cannot include women or be concerned with the notable topics command the intellectual and political engagement of the rest of American studies.Such characterizations of sport studies may be outdated, but the concomitant dismissal of the subfield is not. Just five months before the interview, the Journal of American History (JAH) published an issue dedicated to the state of sport history and sport studies more generally.2 In the opening essay, Amy Bass laments, I propose writing about sports from a historical perspective is entangled in a mess of somewhat unique complications. . . . [the] first problem lies in a general lack of respect for the field of sports history-what one scholar recently described as 'the snubbing of sport history by mainstream historians.'3 Though the source of this disrespect and the form of these snubs are largely left unspecified, many of the volume's authors concur with Bass's assessment: Excellent scholarship is produced in the subfield, but it remains sidelined. Despite progress, such as the formation of the vibrant Sports Studies Caucus of the ASA, researchers in sport studies struggle for legitimacy.To read Duggan, Bass, and the prominent JAH contributors, it would not be unreasonable to think there is a real crisis of legitimacy in sport studies. And yet, the quality of the literature, the number of books reviewed in prominent generalist journals, the spaces for intellectual collaboration, and the opportunities for debate are inversely proportional to the contention of marginalization. How, then, can understand these apparently contradictory positions?Historically, academics have been ambivalent about studying popular cultures and low-brow social practices and historical processes. The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies scandalized literary theorists and historians alike with their careful analyses of lived cultures. Stuart Hall remembers cultural studies' methods triggered off a blistering attack from sociology, while the Centre's later focus on sexism and patriarchal domination, race and racism, and militarism only enlarged the choir of disbelievers, who dismissed meticulous research as merely political. But today's anxiety about sport studies represents more than ambivalence. At a moment when nearly 20 million people tune into the National Football League's (NFL's) opening week,4 when 1,000 college athletes earn upwards of $900 million in profits for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) during March Madness,5 and when college coaches can expect millions of dollars in base salary,6 sport studies has never been more relevant. …

Origins of the Ideal of Objectivity in the Professions: Studies in the History of American Journalism and American Law, 1830-1940.