Medical Social Security System Considering Multisensor Data Fusion and Online Analysis

Objective To compare the prevalence and correlation factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in urban and rural areas in Minhang district of Shanghai through the social economic and clinical data of the elderly population. Methods Jiangchuan Street and Pujiang town were randomly selected to represent the urban and rural population in Minhang district of Shanghai, respectively. Based on the over-60-year old people health examination program, 6151 objectives with complete clinical-epidemiological data and bio-chemical index were investigated. The prevalence of CKD in urban and rural areas was compared, and the correlation factors for the urban and rural CKD were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results (1) The survey objectives with an average age of (69.57±7.04) years, including 4345 cases of the city residents and 1806 cases of rural residents, were enrolled. The age structures of urban and rural showed differences, population over 80 years old account for 13.1% of the rural total, significantly higher than 7.4% in the urban population (P<0.001). (2) The prevalence rates of diabetes, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperlipidemia in urban residents were higher than those in rural residents, which were 26.4% vs 13.7%, 9.9% vs 2.3%, 53.7% vs 37.4%, 51.4% vs 15.6% (all P<0.01). The awareness rates of kidney disease and hyperlipidemia showed significant differences in urban and rural areas, which were 32.9% vs 44.2%, 84.6% vs 62.8% (all P<0.01). Compared with those in rural areas, the treatment rates of hypertension and high blood lipids in urban residents were increased (all P<0.01). (3) The prevalence of CKD was 23.4%. Female CKD prevalence was higher than male, respectively 26.3% and 18.5% (P<0.01). In urban CKD prevalence was 22.2%, lower than 25.2% in rural. The prevalence rate of hematuria in urban areas was lower than in rural areas, but the prevalence rate of decline in renal function was higher (all P<0.05). With the increase of age, the prevalence rate of CKD was increased (P<0.01). (4) Age (OR=1.072), smoking history (OR=1.543), previous history of kidney disease (OR=1.351), diabetes (OR=1.373), hyperuricemia (OR=2.498), obesity (OR=1.364), history of interventional therapy (OR=1.896) had positive correlation with CKD in city elderly population, while the higher education (OR=0.676, OR=0.604) and drinking (OR=0.585) had negative correlation (all P<0.05). Age (OR=1.032), female (OR=1.860) had positive correlation with CKD in rural elderly population (all P<0.05). Conclusions CKD has been a common chronic progressive disease of the aged in Minhang district. The prevalence of CKD is higher in urban areas than in rural. Age is a common factor for CKD in urban and rural. Previous smoking, history of kidney disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, obesity, history of interventional therapy, education and drinking have correlation with urban CKD patients. Female has correlation with rural CKD population. Key words: Renal insufficiency, chronic; Aged; Prevalence; Risk factors; Urban and rural

Objective To explore the utilization of the basic medical insurance and the influence of age factors on the medical expenses of the retirees. Methods Descriptive statistics and variance analysis were used to analysis the 265 426 medical service use records of the retirees in Y city in 2016. Results Increase of age pushes up the utilization rate of retirees for hospitalization services and reduces the service utilization of chronic disease outpatient clinics. In total, the medical expenses are concentrated in the age of 60-70, and the total medical cost of the population decreases with age. The per-capita medical expenses of different age groups were different, the greater the age the higher the average. Conclusions The change of the disease spectrum such as higher incidence of chronic diseases poses a new challenge to the medical service system. Aging will continue to pressurize the medical security system. It is urgent to establish a healthcare system centering on the elderly and a sound medical insurance system. Key words: Actuarial analysis; Basic medical insurance; Aged; Ageing population; Medical expense

Due to the rapid development of precision manufacturing technology, much research has been conducted in the field of multisensor measurement and data fusion technology with a goal of enhancing monitoring capabilities in terms of measurement accuracy and information richness, thereby improving the efficiency and precision of manufacturing. In a multisensor system, each sensor independently measures certain parameters. Then, the system uses a relevant signal-processing algorithm to combine all of the independent measurements into a comprehensive set of measurement results. The purpose of this paper is to describe multisensor measurement and data fusion technology and its applications in precision monitoring systems. The architecture of multisensor measurement systems is reviewed, and some implementations in manufacturing systems are presented. In addition to the multisensor measurement system, related data fusion methods and algorithms are summarized. Further perspectives on multisensor monitoring and data fusion technology are included at the end of this paper.

As the last line of defense in the medical security system, medical assistance should focus on the rural people in poverty as well as the marginalized people in poverty, playing an important role in preventing "poverty due to illness". As time goes by, poor people caused by illness have become the mainstream of medical assistance, gradually gaining the government attention. At present, the medical aid for the poor due to illness faces the following dilemmas: the lack of unified medical aid standards, the failure of government functions, and the difference in the regional collection of medical aid funds. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of a unified medical aid system, improve the government's functions, and enhance the bottom-up support of medical aid combined with social forces, so as to increase the aid scale of those in poverty due to illness.

At present, Shanghai has basicallyformed basic medical insurance system consisting of basic medical insurance forurban workers, basic medical insurance for urban residents, the new rural cooperativemedical insurance, which covers urban employed population, the urban working population,rural population. Urban-rural system split and run independently, which is not conduciveto social justice, thus narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and strengthenthe integration of the system. In this paper, through the comparison of Shanghai’sbasic medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical insurancein funding criteria and medical benefit level and introducing Jiaxing mode, Chengdumode and Dongguan mode, thus put forward the integration solution of Shanghai’sbasic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents.

Brief Introduction of Medical Insurance System in China

IntroductionWhen medically indicated, caesarean section (CS) can be a life-saving intervention for mothers and their newborns. This study assesses the prevalence of CS and its associated factors, focussing on inequalities between rural and urban areas in Nigeria.MethodsWe disaggregated the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 and performed analyses separately for Nigeria’s overall, rural, and urban residences. We summarised data using frequency tabulations and identified factors associated with CS through multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsCS prevalence was 2.7% in Nigeria (overall), 5.2% in urban and 1.2% in rural areas. The North-West region had the lowest prevalence of 0.7%, 1.5% and 0.4% for the overall, urban and rural areas, respectively. Mothers with higher education demonstrated a greater CS prevalence of 14.0% overall, 15.3% in urban and 9.7% in rural residences. Frequent internet use increased CS prevalence nationally (14.3%) and in urban (15.1%) and rural (10.1%) residences. The southern regions showed higher CS prevalence, with the South-West leading overall (7.0%) and in rural areas (3.3%), and the South-South highest in urban areas (8.5%). Across all residences, rich wealth index, maternal age ≥ 35, lower birth order, and ≥ eight antenatal (ANC) contacts increased the odds of a CS. In rural Nigeria, husbands’ education, spouses’ joint healthcare decisions, birth size, and unplanned pregnancy increased CS odds. In urban Nigeria, multiple births, Christianity, frequent internet use, and ease of getting permission to visit healthcare facilities were associated with higher likelihood of CS.ConclusionCS utilisation remains low in Nigeria and varies across rural-urban, regional, and socioeconomic divides. Targeted interventions are imperative for uneducated and socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers across all regions, as well as for mothers in urban areas who adhere to Islam, traditional, or ‘other’ religions. Comprehensive intervention measures should prioritise educational opportunities and resources, especially for rural areas, awareness campaigns on the benefits of medically indicated CS, and engagement with community and religious leaders to promote acceptance using culturally and religiously sensitive approaches. Other practical strategies include promoting optimal ANC contacts, expanding internet access and digital literacy, especially for rural women (e.g., through community Wi-Fi programs), improving healthcare infrastructure and accessibility in regions with low CS prevalence, particularly in the North-West, and implementing socioeconomic empowerment programs, especially for women in rural areas.

Effect of integrated urban and rural residents' medical insurance on the cost of services to patients with severe mental illness in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn 2003, the Chinese government launched the New Rural Cooperative medical System(NRCMS) for its rural population. In 2007, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance Scheme(URBMS) was inaugurated, which aimed to cover all urban residents who are out of the labor market. However, the accessibility and fairness of the healthcare service have hindered the progress of universal healthcare. At the beginning of 2010, the Integration of Urban and Rural Medical Insurance Scheme(IURMIS) was implemented to bridge the gap in medical care between urban and rural areas. The main objective of this study is to determine the extent to which the IURMIS has been successful.MethodsThe statistical software packages SPSS 19.0 and STATA 12.0 were used for all analyses, and P < 0.05 was set as the required level of significance. Data were collected from outpatients from 2009 (July to December, n = 20,459) through 2011 (n = 65,258 in 2010, n = 59,036 in 2011) and from inpatients in 2011 (n = 3662). Due to the enormous amount of data and the short time span, most of our analysis was descriptive. However, regression discontinuity (RD) and the chi-squared (χ2) test were used to compare the ratios of medical expenses before and after the IURMIS.ResultsIn the RD analysis, there was a downward trend in the mean medical expense (Coef. = − 0.66, P < 0.001), and rural outpatients flowed to township hospitals and village clinics after the implementation of the IURMIS (Coef. = − 0.45, P < 0.001). However, compensation expenses showed an upward trend (Coef. = 11.59, P < 0.001). In the analysis of inpatient expenses, the average expenses (CNY 2067) and hospitalization days (10.0) for all the hospitals were less than those in the Chinese Fourth National Health Services Survey (CNY 3412 and 10.3, respectively).ConclusionsRural residents’ healthcare options and quality were improved and medical expenses were significantly reduced after implementation of the scheme. These results provide an evidence-based reference for improving the integration of the urban and rural medical security systems throughout China.

Urban residential energy switching in China between 1980 and 2014 prevents 2.2 million premature deaths

Aiming at solving the navigation and obstacle avoidance of the unmanned vehicle,the multi sensor data fusion technology and unmanned vehicle obstacle avoidance navigation algorithm were studied profoundly. According to the requirements of the application of unmanned vehicle navigation and obstacle avoidance system, multisensor data fusion technology was applied to unmanned vehicle navigation and obstacle avoidance control system. In addition, A*VFF navigation and obstacle avoidance algorithm based on fuzzy neural network was improved. Finally, through the construction of the simulation platform, simulation experiment of the unmanned vehicle obstacle avoidance navigation was completed, and a better route was planned for unmanned vehicle in a more complex environment. The results showed that it realized the autonomous navigation of unmanned vehicle and obstacle avoidance function. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the application of artificial intelligence detection system has good performance.

Health Systems Need to Transform Data Collection to Advance Health Equity.

Rural and urban areas are mainly connected by public transport in China. The characteristics of the trips of local residents in rural and urban areas are different; therefore, the demand for public transport information services is different. Based on the revealed data, a structural equation model is applied to examine the critical factors affecting the behavior of urban and rural residents in choosing public transport in the Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao City, China. The effect of information service factors on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents is obtained. The influence level of public transport information service on public transport behavior of urban and rural residents before and during travel is discussed. This study provides valuable insights to improving public transport services between urban and rural areas of China, which can attract more residents to use public transport and promotes sustainable development between urban and rural areas.

As many as 40% of hip fractures occur in institutions for the elderly. Several studies have demonstrated a higher age-adjusted incidence of hip fractures in urban areas compared with rural areas. To assess whether this difference could be due to a preferential location of institutions for the elderly in urban areas, we compared the incidence of hip fractures over a 5-year period in urban versus rural areas, as defined according to the population density (urban > 15 inhabitants/ha2). We then determined the age-adjusted incidence of hip fractures in institutional-dwelling elderly and home-dwelling elderly. Hip fracture incidence was 100.0/100,000 (150.5 in women and 43.8 in men) in urban areas, and 71.0/100,000 (107.2 in women and 32.8 in men) in rural areas (p<0.001). When only those patients living in their own homes were analyzed, the incidence was 66.7/100000 (94.6 in women and 35.7 in men) in urban regions and 36.8/100,000 (49.6 in women and 23.4 in men) in rural areas (p<0.001), a difference of even greater magnitude than when both home-dwelling and institutional-dwelling residents were considered together. In a logistic regression model including age class, gender, urban or rural areas and institutionalization for inhabitants 65 years of age and older, urban residents have a 31% significantly (p<0.001) higher incidence of hip fracture compared with rural residents; women have a 79% significantly (p<0.001) higher incidence of hip fracture compared with men; and institutional-dwelling elderly have a 351% significantly (p<0.001) higher incidence of hip fracture compared with home-dwelling elderly. These results confirm the existence of a higher age-adjusted incidence of hip fractures in urban compared with rural areas. Since this difference is increased when patients living at home were analyzed separately, it indicates that the difference between urban and rural areas is not due to a preferential urban location of institutions for the elderly.

Urban-rural differences in factors associated with incomplete basic immunization among children in Indonesia: A nationwide multilevel study