Memory and Information Processes

Modern information technology makes it possible to redesign the ways people work. In the future, machines can carry out intelligence-requiring tasks, which previously were done by people. It is thus good to develop methodologies for designing intelligent systems. An example of such methods is cognitive mimetics, i.e. imitating human information processing. Today, machines cannot by themselves navigate in archipelagos. However, the fact that people can take care of ship steering and navigation means that there is an information process, which makes it possible to navigate ships. This information process takes place inside the minds of navigating people. If we are able to explicate the information processing in the navigator’s mind, the knowledge of it can be used in designing intelligent machines. Replicating physical objects and industrial processes by means of digital computers is called digital twinning. Digital twins (DTs), which are digital replicas of physical systems and processes, have recently become tools for working with complex industrial processes. A crucial question for DTs is should human actions be added to them? As the answer is positive, such models of human information processing can be called human digital twins (HDTs). The knowledge of human tacit and explicit information processes can be represented by human digital twins. Models can be used in the search for a deeper understanding of human intelligent information processes. Human digital twins can thus be used as methodological tools in cognitive mimetics. In our present study, we modeled paper machine operators’ thinking. Specifically, we developed an ideal-exception-correction (IEC) model for paper operators’ control logic. The model illustrates how research and HDT-modeling can be used for explicating the subconscious or tacit information processing of people for the design of intelligent systems. In this article a model for design processes using cognitive modelling will be suggested. The concepts of cognitive mimetics and human digital twins enable us to outline a model for using the long tradition of simulating human thinking as a tool in designing intelligent systems.

The purpose of any social discipline is to understand the society through their theoretical perspectives. Human communication as a social science is also without exception, its purpose is to explain the society by means of inspecting the social information as well as the contents and extensions during the operation of social information system. Social together with its system are complex and comprehensive by nature, which determines human communication existing itself as a comprehensive science with multiple theories, aspects and perspectives. It is reasonable to study with the help of related theories of other subjects in facing concrete research issues and when the existing theories lack enough power to give an explanation. Interpersonal human communication is an important part in human life, the human communication study about is rather few, however. This paper is about to solve this problem, for current human communication cannot explain the barriers occurred in the interpersonal human communication. To deal with such issue that often happens in social life, the author is appeal to information system theories to explain that the trajectory of information changes in the course of human communication could cause barriers.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of cross-functional coordination (cross-functional system, process and team coordination) on customer coordination (customer strategic and operational coordination) and operational performance. Following the lens of information processing theory (IPT), this study examines the diverse mechanisms of cross-functional coordination practices in enhancing firms’ information processing capabilities (IPCs) to cope with the higher information processing demands resulting from customer coordination, finally improving operational performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from 410 Chinese manufacturers, the authors use the structural equation modeling method to test the theoretical model.FindingsThe authors found that cross-functional system coordination is positively associated with customer operational coordination (COC) but not customer strategic coordination (CSC). Cross-functional process coordination increases both customer strategic and operational coordination. Cross-functional team coordination significantly promotes CSC but not COC. Both customer operational and strategic coordination facilitate operational performance.Originality/valueThis research pioneers in identifying three dimensions of cross-functional coordination based on IPT and examine their distinct impacts on various customer coordination activities. The authors distinguish two customer coordination dimensions and reveal their effects on operational performance. This research contributes to the development of IPT. Additionally, this study provides guidelines for managers to coordinate internal departments and collaborate with external customers to enhance firms’ operational performance.

Information processing antecedents of rating errors in performance appraisal

Despite the remarkable cognitive power, humans are not alien beings living in their isolated universe but part of the Earth’s biosphere – a dynamic, intelligent system. The working of the human mind and society is built upon and follows the principles of the natural world. In today’s modern society, where technological advancement has significantly increased information accessibility to new knowledge, social sciences can greatly benefit from discoveries in natural sciences. In this book, the latest findings in life sciences are used as evidence to demonstrate and explain the mechanisms of psychological and social information processes. Mindsponge is a novel theory of information processing in the human mind. The mechanisms of information processing are present in all levels of the natural world – from ecological and physiological down to cellular and molecular. As a subset of nature, humans express these patterns in the way we think, believe, behave, and establish social constructs. By looking at the intelligent “minds” of nature, a more accurate framework for human cognition can be logically derived. The mindsponge theory reflects the physical, chemical, and biological laws upon the mental world, not the other way around. Throughout the book, readers will find interesting, often hilarious,

B. Dunham, R. Fridshal, and G. L. Sward. A non-heuristic program for proving elementary logical theorems. English, with French, German, Russian, and Spanish summaries. Information processing, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris 15–20 June 1959, Unesco, Paris, R. Oldenbourg, Munich, and Butterworths, London, 1960, pp. 282–285. - B. Dunham, R. Fridshal, and J. H. North. Exploratory mathematics by machine. Recent developments in information and decision processes, edited by Robert E. Machol and Paul Gray, The Macmillan Company, New York1962, pp. 149–160. - B. Dunham and J. H. North. Theorem testing by computer. Proceedings of the Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Automata, New York, N. Y., April 24, 25, 26, 1962, Microwave Research Symposia series vol. 12, Polytechnic Press of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1963, pp. 173–177. - Volume 32 Issue 2

The area of military operations is presently a peculiar, heterogenic environment providing the decision-makers with varied data and information on the potential or the real enemy. However the vast number and diversity of the available information does not facilitate the decision process. The achievement of information advantage in line with the rule: the first to notice, the first to understand and the first to act depends among other things on the proper information processing. In the theory of Electronic Warfare, the processing of information about the electronic objects of the enemy emitting electromagnetic energy is realized by Signals Intelligence. The fastest processing of information in the information system of Signals Intelligence is presently provided by cybernetic environment. The construction of an information processing system in the cybernetic environment of Signals Intelligence is thus a very complex task. The article presents theoretical basis of information processing in cybernetic environment of Signals Intelligence based on research carried out by the authors. The article can be described as the added value since it presents and clarifies a complex concept of cybernetic environment of Signal Intelligence. Moreover, it provides a new definition of information process as a system of operations on intelligence information and data. It also presents the stages of information process as well as the structure of information processing process. In the further part it shows the factors and elements of the cybernetic environment of Signals Intelligence isolated in the process of research. The document provides a perspective for the processing of information in the cybernetic environment of Signals Intelligence, it fills the gap in research on information processing in the cybernetic environment of Signals Intelligence as well as assures strong theoretical basis and provides an incentive for further research on the information processing in the cybernetic environment of Signals Intelligence.

情報解析の活用事例(その1) : 特許解析を例として( 情報の解析・加工・活用入門)

The textbook provides a general description of the processes of collecting, transmitting, and storing information using information management systems in organizations and enterprises, and discusses information processing methods and tools, including data visualization using the Yandex DataLens service. The creation of a complex of interrelated models of information processes is considered, the development of methods that allow automated solutions to various problems of an applied nature is presented, ways and means of implementing information technologies are shown: methodological, informational, mathematical, algorithmic, technical and programmatic. The basic concepts of modeling information systems and processes are defined, the classification and types of models of information management systems are given. The issues of information system security are considered. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education. It is intended for students studying in the fields of 09.03.03 "Applied Informatics", 01.04.05 "Statistics" and 10.03.01 "Information Security".

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious, zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis that can spread between domestic and wild animals, as well as to humans. The disease is characterized by the progressive development of lesions that compromise the victim's lungs and lymph system. The disease was first identified in northwest Minnesota in both cattle and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 2005. Due to its risks to human and animal health, bTB has numerous implications related to population management, policy outcomes, stakeholder relations, and economic impacts. When dealing with complicated risks, like bTB, individuals often seek out and process information as a method to learn about, and cope, with the risk. We developed a questionnaire that adapted components of the Risk Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) model and surveyed northwest Minnesota deer hunters. Our objectives were to better understand how stakeholders perceive and act on information regarding disease management in wildlife and to understand the utility of the RISP model for such management contexts. We drew a random proportional sample of licensed deer hunters (n = 2100) from the area affected by bTB and conducted a multi-contact mail survey. We found that 43% of the variability in the information-seeking behaviors of respondents was explained by demographics, hunting importance, personal risk perceptions, attitudes, and subjective norms. However, these results are largely attributable to the factors in the RISP model encompassed by components of the Theory of Planned Behavior (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions). This information can help managers contextualize individuals' perceived risks to better frame communication efforts to address stakeholder concerns and develop best practices for disease communication. While the state of Minnesota is currently considered free of bTB, future outbreaks remain possible in Minnesota and elsewhere. Understanding the key factors in the processes through which deer hunters seek out information pertaining to the disease can help managers collect the data necessary to aid decisions about desired future management outcomes. In addition, testing RISP model performance in applied research improves its future use across a broad spectrum of topics throughout veterinary disease management.

Chapter 22 - Self-Regulation Interventions with a Focus on Learning Strategies

The effects of cannabis on information-processing speed

Quantum computing has attracted much attention in recent decades, since it is believed to solve certain problems substantially faster than traditional computing methods. Theoretically, such an advance can be obtained by networks of the quantum operators in universal gate sets, one famous example of which is formed by quantum Control‐not gate and single qubit gates. However, realizing a device that performs practical quantum computing is tricky. This is because it requires a scalable qubit system with long coherence time and good controls, which is harsh for most current platforms. Here, it is demonstrated that the information process based on a relatively stable system—classical optical system, can be considered as an analogy of universal quantum computing. By encoding the information via the polarization state of classical beams, the optical computing elements that correspond to the universal gate set are presented and their combination for a general information process is theoretically illustrated. Taking the analogy of two‐qubit processor as an example, it is experimentally verified that the proposal works well. Considering the potential of optical system for reliable and low‐energy‐consuming computation, the results open a new way toward advanced information processing with high quality and efficiency.

Many scholars researched social informatization from different perspectives, including profession, economy and technology. In this thesis, the author will studied on social informatization from the perspective of basic characteristics of information. Firstly, the author will describe other scholars’ social informationization theories. Secondly, the definition of information and basic characteristics of information will be given. Then, the production mode informatization and life-style informatization from the perspective of basic characteristics of information will be studied on in this paper. Lastly, the conclusion will be drawn.

Today's teachers face a formidable challenge—how to facilitate the acquisition of basic skills, demanding content knowledge, and personal problem-solving capabilities for all students in increasingly diverse and competitive learning environments. Among the six national educational goals for the year 2000 (U.S. Department of Education, 1991), we seek to achieve (a) a high school graduation rate of at least 90%; (b) the demonstration of students' competency in challenging subject matter, including English, mathematics, science, history, and geography, and their readiness for responsible citizenship and productive employment; (c) the highest global standing for U.S. students in science and mathematics achievement; and (d) literacy and essential skills for every adult American. As educators concentrate on these goals and the accompanying educational reform directed toward their achievement, there is a fervent search for new ideas, along with an unprecedented tolerance for mold-breaking initiatives undertaken in both the public and the private sector (e.g., curriculum reform, site-based management, movement toward inclusion or unified special education/general education programs for students with and without disabilities, for-profit schools, national outcome measures). Across these diverse initiatives, commitment to the development of increased competency in academics, problem solving, personal development, and social responsibility represents a unifying theme. Ellis's article focuses on one critical challenge—the integration of traditional teacher-directed approaches to content instruction with instructional approaches designed for teaching information processing and problem solving designed . . . [to] maximize students' acquisition of new knowledge and their ability to use effective and efficient information processes and problem-solving skills. Termed Integrative Strategy Instruction (ISI), the potential model is especially relevant for general education and special education teachers employed in systems seeking to increase the amount of time students with specific learning disabilities (and other disabilities) spend in the general education program. For those who have followed the development and use of instruction designed to promote learning, Ellis's ISI model is a natural and appealing extension of previous efforts. It incorporates findings from foundation research, including work conducted by the University of Kansas Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities (KU-IRLD) research team, of which Ellis has been an active collaborator for many years. Drawing on a rich foundation of strategy or cognitive instruction research and information-processing theory, Ellis presents a well-articulated model with accompanying illustrative examples depicting how teachers can help adolescents, including those with learning disabilities, acquire an enriched content knowledge base necessary for independent and successful functioning and become good or strategic information processors and problem solvers. As with previously described models (e.g., Deshler & Lenz, 1989), this approach is based on the premise that efficient and effective learning is enhanced through the creation of learning environments that foster the development of behavior and are sensitive to learner attributes. In such environments, students develop learning strategies or tools that can be used to facilitate the analysis of task demands, determine how to best approach a problem, guide task completion, and monitor the effectiveness of their problem-solving process along the way. Distilling the presentation, the ISI model involves teacher-mediated instruction to facilitate acquisition of declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge and presentation of information-processing strategies within four interacting subthemes (i.e., use of prior knowledge and experiences, various cognitive strategies, metacognition, and selfmotivation techniques). Ellis views the model as being particularly useful for teaching content area subjects to stu-