Methodology and Theoretical Framework

Tzeng, O. C. S. (1993). Measurement of Love and Intimate Relations: Theories, Scales, and Applications for Love Development, Maintenance, and Dissolution. Westport, CT: Praeger. 299 pp. Hardcover ISBN 0-275-94273-2, price $65.00. This book on measurement of love is a sequel to Tzeng's first volume on subject of love. It consists of a collection, evaluation, and summary of existing measurements of love behaviors. The first half of book presents theoretical foundations for development and evaluation of over 30 love theories organized by eight relationship stages. The second half presents empirical research studies on love measurement scales. Chapter 1 outlines a common methodological framework that includes four considerations for evaluation and development of theories of love. These include forms of theories (e.g., inductive or deductive), components of theories (e.g., postulates and constructs), utility of theories (e.g., prediction ability), and evaluation criteria (e.g., comprehensiveness and parsimony). Chapter 2 describes a common theoretical content framework for studying love. Based on methodological framework and theoretical framework, two models of love are presented: an intrapersonal model and an interpersonal model. In addition, a more general, overarching psychosemantic process paradigm is described. This grand model includes five phases of relationship development that comprehensively explain process of falling into and out of love. Tzeng uses this overarching model in his evaluation of 26 love measurement scales later in Chapter 5. Chapter 3 summarizes history of concept of love and presents Tzeng's Octagonal Love Model, which operationally divides entire process, from development to dissolution of love between two people into eight stages (beginning with strangers and ending with separation or divorce). The model is also used to categorize existing measurements in Chapter 5. The second part of this chapter presents summary descriptions of over 30 love theories. They are evaluated in terms of Tzeng's previously outlined 10 components of his intrapersonal love model and his common methodological framework for theory development and evaluation. Among theories he reviews are psychosexual love theory of Freud, attachment theory, romantic love theory, passionate and compassionate love, equity theory, and stimulus, value, role theory. His general conclusion following his evaluation is, the scientific study of love, barely in its third decade, has not yet matured into a fully developed systematic field of inquiry (p. 78). He calls for a comprehensive study and development of a grand theory of entire life cycle of a relationship in continuous, cohesive terms. The second half of book begins with Chapter 4, which describes theoretical considerations behind measurement of love, including five factors to consider before measuring love. Measurement techniques, forms of reliability and validity, and preparation techniques (e.g., scoring decisions) for statistical analyses are described. Perhaps most interesting guidelines are those for choosing instruments for clinical practice. Chapter 5 compiles 26 love measurement scales that are organized under eight octagonal stages described in Chapter 3. Their content foci are summarized and each tool is described in terms of name, theoretical foundations, author(s), references, number of items in scale, response format for subjects, constructs measured by scale, reliability and validity information, applicability of scale, scoring method, and measurement scales themselves. …

Introduction. The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence necessitates a methodological foundation for new theoretical constructs in pedagogy. The contemporary educational system requires an updated theoretical and methodological framework that extends beyond digital literacy to integrate the metacognitive, ethical, and sociocultural aspects of human-machine collaboration. Aim . The aim of this research is to elucidate the methodological foundations and system architecture of meta-digital competence as a theoretical framework for developing teachers’ professional competencies in the context of the proliferation of artificial intelligence. Methodology and research methods. The study is based on a systematic analysis of the theoretical foundations of meta-digital competence, integrating the principles of cognitive psychology, the theory of distributed cognition, and the competence approach. The methods employed include conceptual analysis, structural-functional modelling, and theoretical synthesis within the context of AI proliferation. Results. The epistemological foundations of meta-digital competence are elucidated, encompassing the transition from classical cognition to metacognition. Four methodological principles are established that underpin the structure and functioning of meta-digital competence: distributed cognitive activity, metacognitive reflection, ethical responsibility, and adaptive development. A six-component architecture of meta-digital competence is delineated, accompanied by a description of the mechanisms for integrating its elements. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the methodological foundations of the meta-digital competence system, regarded as a qualitatively new phenomenon in pedagogy, have been developed. A new type of human-machine interaction, conceptualised as an extended cognitive system, has been proposed. The principles governing the structural organisation and functioning of the meta-digital competence system within the educational context are substantiated. Practical significance. A theoretical framework has been established for the design of educational programmes in the era of artificial intelligence, alongside a conceptual foundation for the transformation of pedagogical practices across various subject areas in this new reality.

Montage is one of the basic elements in cinematographic work, as it is a second production process for the work in terms of composition, habit of formulation, interconnection between shots and scenes, and also added the element of sound, special effects and color correction ... etc., due to the characteristic of this digital technique in manipulating all the elements of the image in a creative way in all Elements of work, such as decoration, accessories, adding fictional scenes ... etc., and converting them to the computer, and then acting on them through the montage completely, but this is in the field of image and sound, but there are fictional films that need to make characters who are compatible with nature, and possess capabilities Superhero and has the ability to transform into virtual bodies within the artistic work, and insert them into the cinematic space, in order to perform the functions with the rest of the elements of the cinematic medium as well as the elements of the dramatic construction, so all of the above of this the researcher raises the following question: (How is digital montage employed? In building a fictional character)? The research came as follows: Methodological framework: It includes the research problem, its importance and objectives, as well as the limits of research and the definition of terminology. The theoretical framework: It was divided into two topics as follows: The first topic: the concept of digital montage, the second topic: the fictional character: After that, the researcher reached the indicators of the theoretical framework. Research procedures: It included the research method, the research community, the research sample, the research tool, the analysis unit, and the sample analysis, which was the film (X MEN) according to the indicators that the researcher came out with from the theoretical framework. After analyzing the sample, the researcher came to a number of findings and conclusions, including: 1. The digital montage, through its advanced software, possesses the ability to create a fictional virtual character and activate its potential in the cinematic movie. 2. Digital montage can be employed after dispensing with many traditional techniques at the level of photography or montage, as well as building space and time.

Theatre is a human, social, ethical, scientific and intellectual value with its full impact and impact It is the product of human thought associated with awareness, perception, imagination, and interactions of ideas, visions and treatments in a synthetic process to integrate, interconnect and interfere with sensory experiences related to extractive treatments. and thus the outcome of a set of ideas, opinions and experiences within the relationships of artistic values, To make the directorial values subject to intellectual attitude and aesthetic visions at varying levels determined by the director's creative thought In spite of the cultural and ideological shifts between generations, which enrich the theatrical discourse and give it a diversity of form and content to the nature of the theatrical show, He went on to monitor these relationships and relationships among pioneers and young people and indicate their artistic and aesthetic impact The course of scientific research was divided into four chapters, as shown below. Methodological Framework II/Chapter II (Theoretical Framework) came on researchers was the first under the heading The second research, entitled "Engagement as an artistic concept between style and vision and the indicators produced by the theoretical framework, chapter III. The researcher went to a research sample of the presentation of Karok's play, chapter IV, where the researcher incorporated the findings, conclusions and list of sources.

The current research studies the aesthetic framework for the dialectical development of the functions of the contemporary theater director in an aesthetic approach to the mechanisms of functional overlap between the dramaturgy and direction functions, and scenography and direction, the detection of the controversial structure of that overlap, and what can be summed up in the following question: (what are the aesthetic approaches of the dialectical development in the function of the contemporary theatre director?). The research is determined by a pivotal aim which is (knowing the aesthetic nature of the dialectical development in the functions of the contemporary theater director). The researcher addressed his research in three frameworks: the methodological framework in which the researcher identified the research problem, importance, goal, and limits, then the theoretical framework, which consists of two dimensions: the first dealt with a historical overview of the origins and methods of direction , and the second dimension dealt with the theme of direction dialectics: dialectic of the dramaturgy director, and the scenography director , ending with a set of theoretical indicators. The procedural framework included the researcher's procedures of dropping the indicators, which he concluded from his theoretical framework, on his research sample which he identified as a model for the study. The research concluded with a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:1- The data of contemporary dramaturgy formed an advanced function for the contemporary director, and a directing task to manage the aesthetic awareness according to the direction vision.2- The data of contemporary scenography practice formed one of the advanced functions of the contemporary director, and a directing task through the design of sensory cognitive plans of the scene.

11. Indigenous Spaces in Contemporary Learning Institutions: Theoretical and Methodological Frameworks in Approaching Māori Education was published in Teacher Education in a Transnational World on page 229.

Objectives: Infancy in 21st Century Hungary is the first Hungarian national representative parent survey to examine early childhood mental health problems and important individual, family and broader environmental risk and protective factors associated with them. Methods: In the study, families raising children aged 3–36 months were included. The sample was nationally representative according to the children’s age and gender, and the type of residence. Data were collected in the winter of 2019–2020 from 980 mothers and 122 fathers. The parents were interviewed using a CAPI (computer-assisted personal interview) instrument at first, and then they filled out a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ). The measurement package was planned by an interdisciplinary research network coordinated by the Institute of Mental Health at Semmelweis University, while the sampling and the data collection were conducted by the TÁRKI Research Institute. Results: Based on the parental reports, we will examine the prevalence of infant and early childhood mental health problems perceived by the parents, and the relationships between the background variables measured in several ecological levels. Due to the representative sample’s socio-demographic diversity, we can map the generalizable variability of each examined construct and identify risk and protective factors behind the perceived developmental and mental health difficulties. Conclusions: In this article, the policy, theoretical and methodological framework, the justification and objectives of the research, and the measurement package are presented.

This study aims to analyze the epistemological, theoretical, and methodological foundations that underpin the structure of the methodological framework in qualitative research projects within the social and human sciences, with the purpose of strengthening their internal coherence, interpretative rigor, and scientific relevance. Grounded in the interpretive paradigm, the research conceives social reality as an intersubjective construction mediated by language, social practices, and historical and cultural contexts. From this perspective, qualitative inquiry prioritizes the understanding of meanings over causal explanation, in line with the contributions of Berger and Luckmann and Geertz. The study adopts a qualitative approach and employs the hermeneutic method as its central analytical strategy, understanding interpretation as a reflexive and systematic process that establishes a critical dialogue between academic texts, theoretical frameworks, and the researcher’s pre-understandings. Through a critical and comparative review of specialized literature, the analysis identifies key analytical categories, theoretical convergences and tensions, as well as methodological distortions associated with instrumental and fragmented approaches to the methodological framework. The findings demonstrate that the methodological framework functions as an articulating axis of the research process, integrating epistemological assumptions, theoretical decisions, and technical strategies that guide the production of qualitative knowledge. The study concludes that a reflective and coherent formulation of the methodological framework is an essential condition for ensuring interpretative validity, scientific robustness, and academic legitimacy in qualitative research within the social and human sciences.

The object of this thesis is the educational potential of leisure to develop a critical understanding of the ideology around substance/drug use/consumption. A literature review in the context of health services showed that leisure and the playful are perceived as recreation, as well as an activity to fill-in time such. However, most of scientific articles listed functionalist objectives for leisure, which is associated to "hooked leisure", concept coined to designate the hegemonic form of capitalist leisure in the area of drugs. Applications for mobile devices and educational games about drugs do not promote discussion about the legal and illegal drug production process; neither approaches the problematic consumption of drugs as a consequence of alienated social relations and the contemporary malaise. Despite the educational potential that games and apps offer, their purposes reinforced conceptions widely criticized in the health area, being associated with prohibitions and war on drugs. Objective: To develop a theoretical and methodological critical proposal to hooked leisure practices in the field of drugs. The Collective Health approach was adopted to understand the problems related to drug consumption as socially determined; as so they are intimately connected to the social totality, expressing themselves as symptoms of conflicts that individuals and social groups face in their daily lives. Method: An action research was carried out with mental health workers through emancipatory workshops, aligned with the epistemology of historical-dialectical materialism. Results: Emancipatory workshops promoted the transformation of everyday representations, as much as it has promoted the identification of the convictions of mental health workers. Among them there were: a traditional conception of chemical addiction, drug education as prevention of drug use and leisure as a therapeutic activity. Those are illusory representations which presume that all drug consumption is a disease. The results indicate the need to create critical practices that challenge the ideology of drug consumption as mental and behavioral sickness. Conclusions: Based on the perspective of Collective Health, the theoretical and methodological framework for leisure articulated in this research proposes the implementation of emancipatory workshops of leisure in health as well as education services, among others that work with the drug consumption theme as a crossdisciplinary approach, as long as it maintains consistency with the theoretical framework that proposes the critique on alienation. This strategy can use play, sports and cultural contents, among others. These features place leisure activities aligned with the purpose of emancipatory educational processes. It is argued that the educational process has emancipatory potential if it is radically participatory; and that the contemporary ways of experiencing nonworking time, which compose the strategies for alleviating contemporary malaise, can be debated. Such debate will certainly bring light to the battle among hegemonic projects in the capital system, which can be potentially strengthening to participants, as it denatures alienation that produce disagreements and frustrations. It is also suggested, as an educational support material, the game Cidade Dorme: representaes cotidianas sobre drogas (City Sleeps: everyday representations on drugs), collectively legitimized in this research.

* Nurse, Master of Nursing, Student in the Inter-units Doctoral Program in Nursing of the School of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo and EERP-USP, campus of the School of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo. Nurse of UNIMONTES and Nursing teacher at UNASP Adventist University Center of Sao Paulo. Fellow of PICDT/CAPES. E-mail: reginaniger959@hotmail.com ** Nurse, Master of Nursing, Doctor in Public Health. Nursing lecturer in Collective Health, Full Professor in the Department of Collective Health Nursing of the School of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo, CNPq Researcher. Tutor. E-mail: emiyegry@usp.com.br The training of nurses has undergone great transformations in recent years, as a result of changes in the economic and social situation of Brazil and the world and, mainly, due to demands of the current LDB Law (National Educational Guidelines). This law requires the restructuring of the undergraduate courses, with the extension of minimum curricula and the adoption of specific curricular guidelines for each course (1). The contradictions in the training of nurses, between the basically theoretical training of academia and the demands of an ever more diversified practice, among other things, has given rise to discussions on the changes that are necessary to assure graduates greater confidence when facing the social reality in which they are inserted, as well as the work demands tha t configure professional practice after qualification. These are some concerns of students, faculty and those involved in rethinking the new scenarios of Brazilian nursing. On the other hand, the current crisis of health in Brazil has stimulated the search of alternatives that have shown the adoption of strategies for changes in the current health care model hospital centered, curative and technologized tha t has shown itself incapable of meeting the health needs of the population and solving the social, economic and political issues of the National Health System (2). However, in order to face such large challenges imposed by transformations in the health work process, much more is needed than the mere reorganization of the health system. It is necessary to change the practice of professionals in an attempt to develop new skills, competencies, at t i tudes and ethical values (3). It is in this search to establish a profile of competencies for the professional nurse, to meet the demands of the National Health System, that we intend to find the theoretical and empirical foundations for the present study. The theoretical framework used is the Pedagogy of Competencies, according to Perrenoud (4), in the understanding tha t the acquisition of competencies does not occur only at the technical level, but involves the holistic development of the individual in the ethical, political, social and professional spheres. The theoretical and methodological framework adopted is the Theory of Practical Intervention in Nursing in Collective Health, proposed by Egry (5), based on historical dialectic materialism. The scenarios chosen for the study are the Schools of Nursing and the subjects are the teachers, students and nurses in the Supervised Internship in the 8 t h semester in the public universities in the southeast and northeast regions of Brazil. The instrument used for collecting primary data was focal groups and the secondary data will be collected from the analysis of documents. The analysis of empirical data will be based on the assumptions of the technique of discourse analysis, according to Florin (6). The analytical categories were identified adopting Le Boterfs (7) references. Then, a focal group was set up to validate the data-collecting instrument, involving nurses from teams of Family health in the Southern Region of Sao Paulo. The research is underway, and should be concluded mid 2004.

The large-scale introduction of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the developing world has transformed HIV/AIDS into a manageable chronic condition. However, research is urgently needed to address the specific needs for sustainable ART scale-up in these high-prevalence, resource-limited settings. The current article aims to set a new agenda for future research on the facilitators of and impediments to lasting success of ART in resource-limited settings. There are two parts to this article: (1) construction of a robust theoretical framework labelled the Individual-Family-Community (IFC) model and including the potentially valuable concepts of hybrid identity, family resilience and competent communities, to explain the impact of HIV/AIDS and ART on those affected, and the response of society; and (2) specification of associated methodological tools, that is, latent growth modelling, to generate new knowledge and implement the IFC-model. The proposed theoretical framework and the associated methodology could guide future HIV/AIDS research by suggesting pathways to model the recent paradigm shift of AIDS care to chronic disease care, as well as a full-blown epidemic that affects all aspects of society in a resource-limited setting.

The most well-known and widely cited literature in the multidisciplinary field of childhood studies has been undertaken by scholars based in the Global North, who have produced theoretical frameworks and conceptualisations about childhood frequently deployed by Northern and Southern scholars alike. These are often based on priorities developed in Northern academic institutions, sometimes in response to funding calls by grant-making agencies also based in the North. As a result, when Southern scholars contribute to the dominant childhood studies literature, a field of study in which the majority of well-known articles tend to be published in Northern-based Anglophone journals, their contributions stand mainly as empirical variations of mainstream Northern theories whose scholarship foregrounds theoretical and methodological frameworks designed with particular childhoods in mind. The resulting outcome is that Global South childhoods – in their plurality and diversity – do not contribute epistemically to the construction of a transnational childhood scientific discourse. This ultimately limits the quality of global childhood studies and hinders the development of more conceptually sophisticated, eventually divergent, theoretical frameworks that can account for multiplicity and diversity in childhoods. Therefore, this volume sought to explore locally driven perspectives of childhoods in diverse contexts in the South for the purpose of gaining insights into the knowledge that can be produced about Southern childhoods when research is driven by priorities, demands, and needs of locales in the Global South.

Relevance. Urban festivity in Ukraine remains insufficiently addressed compared to studies of rural traditional culture, yet it has considerable significance and participates in shaping urban identity and the contemporary cultural space. A high level of urbanisation, the context of war in present-day Ukraine, and the intensification of many social processes make the study of celebrations a topical and necessary issue for ethnological scholarship and related disciplines. Aim. The aim of the article is to analyse existing historiographical reviews and a wide range of publications by ethnologists, historians, and cultural scholars that concern urban festive culture; to determine how thoroughly the problem has been studied; to show how thematic emphases and theoretical frameworks have changed; and to outline priorities for further research. Methods. The study employs bibliographic search, source criticism, systematisation of historiographical materials, thematic and chronological classification of scholarly contributions in ethnology, history, and cultural studies, and content analysis of printed and digital textual sources. Results. The article examines the state of research on the traditions of celebration within the cultural space of the Ukrainian city. A number of historiographical reviews have been published previously; however, they do not cover the entire range of issues or focus on the general development of urban studies without addressing festivity as such. The paper presents an analysis of the methodological basis of research on celebrations and of the work of a wide circle of scholars who studied the festive culture of Ukrainian cities. A thematic scheme is proposed that defines the sequence of discussion and allows for a comprehensive view of urban festivity and its study. Theoretical approaches and methodological frameworks developed by Ukrainian researchers and by Western academic communities are considered. Priority directions for possible future research are substantiated. Conclusions. Urban festivity should be studied as a multi-level system of practices in which public celebrations, festivals, fairs, family rituals, and politics of memory and commemoration intersect. For the Ukrainian city, it is important to employ interdisciplinary sets of methods while developing and substantiating a clear scholarly approach. In further research, a key priority should remain the filling of chronological and thematic «white spots», the study of transformations, the interaction between contemporary globalised and traditional culture, and the contexts of war and recent social changes in the marking of holidays.

Starting with the alternative digital media experiences that have taken place in the last two decades in Latin America, this chapter proposes a theoretical and methodological framework inspired by the critical tradition of participatory communication for social change as it developed in Latin America. The chapter is structured as follows. Firstly, we underline the latest framework of collective action that has characterized the new cycle of struggles in Latin America. Secondly, we delineate our proposal, which will consider three pivotal aspects of the process of appropriating and using digital media. Afterwards, we explore how the bonds that are formed between the media and the protagonists reflect a “new” community of reference distinguished by horizontal processes. Finally, we analyse how the net activism practice leads the participating people to experience a process of empowerment.

Methodological and Theoretical Frameworks