Methods of Data Collection and Data Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on measuring the contribution generated by social media when used for business purposes, distinguishing between metrics and methods for data collection and data analysis. Organizations worldwide have widely endorsed social media, but available studies on the contribution generated by these technologies for organizations are fragmented. A performance measurement system (PMS) framework to monitor social media is theoretically derived, highlighting the methods for data collection and data analysis and metrics to quantify social media impacts in terms of financials, network structure, interactions, conversations and users’ opinion. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative research based on a literature review of papers in management, information technology, marketing and public relations. Findings A PMS framework to quantify the contribution of social media is theoretically derived, distinguishing between metrics and methods. PMS metrics support the measurement of the financial and relational impact of social media, as well as the impact of social media conversations and users’ opinions. PMS methods comprise different approaches for data collection and data analysis that range from manual to automated data collection and from content to sentiment analysis techniques. Originality/value The PMS framework contributes to the academic literature by integrating a unique model of the available approaches for social media measurement that can serve as a basis for future research directions. The framework also supports practitioners that face necessity to quantify financial and relational contributions of social media as well as the contribution of social media conversation and users’ opinion.

Plant metabolomics is an important research area in plant science. Chemometrics is a useful tool for plant metabolomic data analysis and processing. Among them, high-order chemometrics represented by tensor modeling provides a new and promising technical method for the analysis of complex multi-way plant metabolomics data. This paper systematically reviews different tensor methods widely applied to the analysis of complex plant metabolomic data. The advantages and disadvantages as well as the latest methodological advances of tensor models are reviewed and summarized. At the same time, application of different tensor methods in solving plant science problems are also reviewed and discussed. The reviewed applications of tensor methods in plant metabolomics cover a wide range of important plant science topics including plant gene mutation and phenotype, plant disease and resistance, plant pharmacology and nutrition analysis, and plant products ingredient characterization and quality evaluation. It is evident from the review that tensor methods significantly promote the automated and intelligent process of plant metabolomics analysis and profoundly affect the paradigm of plant science research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically summarize the tensor analysis methods in plant metabolomic data analysis.

Early Childhood Education Program (PAUD) is a program for guidance aimed at children from birth (0 years) to 6 years (UU RI No. 20 Article I Paragraph 14 2003), conducted through the provision of educational stimuli to assist the growth and development of the body and spiritually so that children have readiness in entering further education.n then it is necessary that reliable educators in curriculum development because the preparation of the curriculum can not be done carelessly. Preparation of a curriculum not based on a strong foundation will be fatal to the failure of education. This study aims to describe (1) the concept of developing a learning curriculum in the Islamic Kindergarten An Nuur (2) Implementation of the concept in the process of learning in An Nuur Islamic Kindergarten. Manifold qualitative descriptive study of single case studies. Researchers at the same time acting as an instrument of data collection, which is required in the field. Method of data collection is done by three techniques, namely (1) in-depth interviews (in-depth interview), (2) observation, and (3) documentation. The process of collecting and analyzing the data of this study guided by the steps of qualitative research data analysis. Conclusion The study showed the following results: 1. An Overview of Islamic Kindergarten An Nuur Purwosari Bojonegoro, 2. Implementation Curriculum Development Conceptn of Islamic Kindergarten An-Nuur in Learning Method with Beyond Centers And Circle Time (BCCT) approach / SELING method.

Review question/objective The objective of this systematic review is to provide a narrative summary synthesis of the quality of existing Husserlian phenomenological research studies in the health sciences. As a methodological systematic review, only studies that focus on adult patients’ experiences of preventive, screening, diagnosis, treatment or rehabilitation interventions/procedures will be considered to serve as a paradigm “case” of the use of the Husserlian phenomenological approach within the broad field of health. The review question is: What is the quality of existing Husserlian phenomenological research studies in the health sciences? The motivation for this systematic review is not to fault authors of existing Husserlian phenomenological research, but to explore the problems encountered in existing research literature, if any, and to provide guidance to authors for future health research guided by this specific philosophical perspective. In order to avoid repetition, the term ‘Husserlian phenomenological approach’ as used in the text refers to the approach described by Edmund Husserl in English translations of his own published work; or as described in English language commentaries by internationally recognized scholars; or from Husserlian phenomenological scholars including the structured framework presented by Spiegelberg. Each time the ‘content of Husserlian phenomenological research studies’ is used in the text it should be understood to mean ‘content of Husserlian phenomenological research studies as reflected in the stated philosophical perspective, research methodology, data collection methods, data analysis methods, presentation and interpretation of the results, and the conclusions’. Definition of terms: 1. Husserlian phenomenological research studies refers to primary qualitative research studies that are explicitly grounded in the work of Husserl reflected in explicit statements or descriptions by the authors. 2. Quality refers to the extent to which there is congruence between the Husserlian phenomenological approach and the content of Husserlian phenomenological research studies. These stipulative definitions are intended to preclude the need to cite the scientific literature as there is no need to demonstrate their ‘validity’ or ‘acceptability’ by the communities of scholars. TRUNCATED AT 350 WORDS.

The study utilized the Conflict Perspective Theory developed by Sears (2008) as theoretical framework to analyze the impact of religious antagonism. The study employed a mixed-methods research approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. This approach allowed for a nuanced exploration of religious antagonism and its effects on community living. The study targeted religious leaders and followers from the specified zones in Ethiopia, with a sample size of 384 respondents selected using cluster sampling techniques. The study utilized structured and unstructured questionnaires, individual interview guides, and focus group discussion guides as data collection instruments. The findings of the study revealed significant impacts of religious antagonism on the surveyed communities. Signs of division, such as the use of derogatory language and disparaging expressions among religious groups, were observed. Additionally, some Christian denominations were accused of projecting an image of salvation and pressuring followers of other faiths or denominations to convert, indicating tensions arising from religious differences.

We present a general review on methods of correlation function profile analysis in photon correlation spectroscopy. The limited. objectives are: (1) to emphasize the interactive nature of experimental measurements, data analysis and theory, (2) to provide simple basic equations with a minimum of mathematical details for the different methods of data analysis, and (3) to summarize some useful relations between methods of data analysis and model fitting including molecular polydispersity.

Background: Community organizations are essential in addressing health and social needs for populations often underserved by traditional healthcare systems. Recognizing the importance of program evaluation, these organizations increasingly seek to improve their services, demonstrate impact, and secure funding. However, they frequently face barriers such as limited resources, time constraints, and lack of in-house expertise. Evaluation training programs have been developed to bridge this gap to support community organizations in building evaluation capacity. Despite the availability of such programs, few undergo rigorous evaluation themselves, resulting in limited evidence of their effectiveness in fostering sustainable evaluation capacity within community settings. Addressing this need, this study presents key practices and findings from LaboEval, a five-year initiative launched in 2019 to strengthen evaluation capacity in community organizations across Quebec, Canada. Approach: LaboEval was developed through an iterative, participatory curriculum design process led by a steering committee of community representatives, students, and evaluation experts. The program offered seven online modules, each accompanied by follow-up coaching sessions grounded in a practical participatory evaluation framework. Modules covered essential topics such as stakeholder engagement, theory of change, data collection methods, knowledge transfer, and strategies for embedding evaluation within organizational practices. Implemented across 16 diverse organizations within the health and social services sectors, LaboEval emphasized flexibility to accommodate the schedules and needs of participants. Mayne's six-step contribution analysis was employed in the fifth year to assess LaboEval's impact on both individual and organizational evaluation capacities. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining secondary data analysis, semi-structured interviews, document reviews, surveys, and literature reviews to ensure thorough data collection and analysis. Results: Findings indicate that LaboEval significantly enhanced individual and organizational evaluation skills and practices among participating organizations. Data reported increased confidence in conducting evaluations and improved integration of evaluation into their organizations’ processes. These improvements include more consistent use of logic models, incorporating evaluation activities into routine operations, and adopting appropriate data collection and analysis methods. The program's participatory design, which incorporated direct input from community stakeholders, contributed to its relevance, practicality, and success. Additionally, the modular structure and flexible implementation enhanced participant engagement and retention by addressing organizational constraints. However, challenges remained, particularly regarding the dissemination of evaluation findings by the organizations, which limited the broader impact of their evaluations on policy discussions. Implications: LaboEval offers important insights for both researchers and practitioners engaged in capacity-building initiatives. Its participatory curriculum design highlights the importance of involving organizations in the training program development process, enabling the creation of contextually relevant training that aligns with their specific needs and objectives. Contribution analysis provided a structured evaluation approach, yielding concrete, evidence-based insights into the effectiveness of training strategies and the pathways through which they build evaluation capacity. These insights illuminated specific outcomes, such as increased confidence and skills in evaluation practices, and highlighted how these pathways can refine future capacity-building initiatives and enhance their practical impact. The next phase of LaboEval will focus on expanding the program to additional organizations and enhancing mechanisms to support sustained evaluation practices.

This study aims to know the form, function and meaning of Ternate language expressions in Discourse Texts in Outdoor Media. The theory used to describe this research is semantic theory. The method used in this study is the method of data collection, data analysis methods, and data presentation methods. Data collection methods include the method of observation, documentation, and interviews with the guide book instruments, pens, cameras, and recording devices. The data analysis method is a qualitative description. The data in this study are secondary data and primary data. Primary data were obtained through Ternate language speakers, as well as outdoor media in the form of banners (billboards), billboards, and public facilities signboards whose contents contained the Ternate phrase text. Secondary data obtained through references in the form of journals, websites, and books whose reviews are related to the study of this paper. The results of this paper are found in seven forms of dolabololo expression and two forms of poetic expression (poetry). The meaning contained in the expression is the meaning of denotation and connotation meaning. Its function is as a form of advice, innuendo, appreciation, as well as a means of information for the public.

Health disparities are pervasive in pediatrics. We aimed to describe disparities among patients who are likely to be cared for in the PICU and delineate how sociodemographic data are collected and categorized. Using MEDLINE as a data source, we identified studies which included an objective to assess sociodemographic disparities among PICU patients in the United States. We created a review rubric, which included methods of sociodemographic data collection and analysis, outcome and exposure variables assessed, and study findings. Two authors reviewed every study. We used the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework to organize outcome and exposure variables. The 136 studies included used variable methods of sociodemographic data collection and analysis. A total of 30 of 124 studies (24%) assessing racial disparities used self- or parent-identified race. More than half of the studies (52%) dichotomized race as white and "nonwhite" or "other" in some analyses. Socioeconomic status (SES) indicators also varied; only insurance status was used in a majority of studies (72%) evaluating SES. Consistent, although not uniform, disadvantages existed for racial minority populations and patients with indicators of lower SES. The authors of only 1 study evaluated an intervention intended to mitigate health disparities. Requiring a stated objective to evaluate disparities aimed to increase the methodologic rigor of included studies but excluded some available literature. Variable, flawed methodologies diminish our understanding of disparities in the PICU. Meaningfully understanding and addressing health inequity requires refining how we collect, analyze, and interpret relevant data.

This study is an integrative review of research trends, data collection methods, operational definitions of key terms, and rationales in Korean research on textbook use by mathematics teachers over the past 13 years. Based on the Temporal phases of curriculum use framework (Stein, Remillard, & Smith, 2007, p. 322), we examined the phases of curriculum use in each study and identified trends in the data collection and analysis methods of each paper. We identified the understanding of the terms teacher’s perception and textbook use in the studies and analyzed how the theoretical framework of each study justified the research questions and methods. The results showed: First, a significant number of studies focused on the transformation stage from written to intended, including teachers’ beliefs, orientations, and knowledge about curriculum use. Second, surveys were the most common method of data collection, followed by interviews, classroom practice/observation and text analysis in similar proportions. Surveys and interviews often did not provide a specific analytical framework for analyzing the results but teaching practice/observation and text analysis were mostly based on previous research and derived results through an analytical framework. Third, to examine teacher’s perceptions, researchers mainly examined the appropriateness/effectiveness of mathematics textbooks or specific content areas. And for textbook use, they examined the teaching methods of mathematics textbooks or specific content areas and cases of task modification. Fourth, few studies fully justified their research questions with a theoretical framework, and only about half of the studies justified their research methods with a theoretical framework. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

This study aims to determine the Value Added Analysis of Cassava Chips in SME "Chips Barokah" Bonebolango District . This study was carried on in the village Lamahu District of Southern District Bonebolango Bulango performed on the month from October to December in 2013 . The method of analysis used in this study is the case study method is the method of data collection in a comprehensive manner , the determination of where the research is done on purpose , as for the type of data used is primary data and secondary data by recording interviews and observation techniques . Data analysis methods used are business analysis , R / C ratios for profit , efficiency and added value . The results showed that keuntunngan received from the business of processing cassava into cassava chips in five cassava production processes in SMEs " Barokah Chips " is Rp . 6.1155 million for a month , and value -added business perbahan enjoyed raw chips for SMEs Barokah 37.555/kg , this added value is the result of profit and the rest of the labor income reached 1.925 million .Keywords: Advantage , Efficient , Value Added , Cassava Chips

This study aimed to analyze and assess: 1) Law Enforcement of Giving Restitution of Victim of Crime Against Trafficking in West Java Police Jurisdiction; 2) obstacles and barriers in the Restitution Administration of the Victim of Crime Against Trafficking in West Java Police Jurisdiction; and 3) How to overcome the obstacles in Giving Restitution of Victim of Crime Against Trafficking in West Java Police Jurisdiction.This research use sociological juridical approach to the specification of the research is descriptive analysis. Data sources include primary data and secondary data. Methods of data collection using interviews and documentation study. Methods of data analysis in this thesis using qualitative descriptiveThe study concluded that not every Victims of Crime of Trafficking Got Giving Restitution. Obstacles Giving Victims Restitution against Crime of Trafficking affected by the dominant legal factors and the influence of other factors. UUPTPPO an attempt by the State to TPPO, but construction is still weak, law making it difficult for victims obtain restitution, so it needs to be revised. It is recommended that UUPTTPO revised or reconstructed, so UUPTPPO for more providing legal protection for victims of TPPO to establish in the regulations (laws) that the State through the investigating police and / or prosecutor (JPU) who shall seek fulfillment TPPO restitution by offenders to victims TPPO, that is the nation participation for the society.Keywords: Law Enforcement; Restitution; Victims; Crime; Trafficking.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of work overload and resilience on organizational citizenship behavior through organizational commitment as a mediating variable. The population in this study were education staff of Universitas Negeri Semarang, the number is 774. The sampling technique used in this study was proportionate random sampling technique with a sample of 135 employees. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, observations, interviews, and literature. Methods of data analysis using descriptive statistical tests and SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed that work overload had no significant effect on organizational commitment and OCB. Resilience has a significant effect on organizational commitment and OCB. Organizational commitment also has a significant influence on OCB. Meanwhile, organizational commitment has no significant effect in mediating the relationship of work overload on OCB. Then organizational commitment has a significant effect in mediating the relationship of resilience on OCB. The theoretical suggestion for further research is to be able to expand the sample, such as for employees of profit-oriented manufacturing companies. Then practical advice for employees and universities in order to interpret OCB as positive behavior and encourage the implementation of OCB in the workplace to increase organizational effectiveness.

The purpose of this study is to describe Organizational Citizenship Behavior, work engagement, organizational support and quality of work life of employees at the Department of Public Works, Bina Marga and Spatial Planning, Bojonegoro Regency. And to analyze the effect of organizational support and quality of work life on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through work engagement. This type of research uses explanatory research with a quantitative research approach. The population in this study were all employees of the Department of Public Works, Highways and Spatial Planning, Bojonegoro Regency, totaling 52 people and the sample was also 52 people using a census sampling technique. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and documentation. Methods of data analysis using SEM with PLS. The results showed Organizational Citizenship Behavior, work engagement, organizational support and quality of work life of employees in the high category. Organizational support for work engagement has a positive but not significant effect. Quality of work life has a significant effect on work engagement. Organizational support, quality of work life and work engagement have a significant effect on OCB. Organizational support for OCB through work engagement has an insignificant effect, quality of work life for OCB through work engagement has a significant effect.

<p><em>Micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) have an important role in the development of Indonesia's economy. They became a great power when Indonesia faced economic crisis. In addition to contributing to the national income, SMEs also have a role in providing jobs. In the face of the free market, SMEs must be able to keep up with increasing business productivity. This will happen if the quality of employee performance is good. Quality performance or achievements of good work is often influenced by several factors, could be influenced by his friend can also be influenced by his superiors. A boss usually has a leadership style that aims to influence the performance of subordinates in the hope of achieving organizational goals. In addition to leadership style, things that can affect performance is motivation. With the motivation, employees will be encouraged to work well, so they will show good performance quality performance as well. </em><em>The objective of this study was to examine the effect of leadership style and motivation on employee performance in industrial SMEs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). This study uses survey the population of all employees of the company are classified as micro, small, and medium in DIY. The sampling method used is sampling by convenience non-probability sampling. In this study, 100 samples were taken. Methods of data collection is done by using a questionnaire containing several questions with methods of data analysis using multiple regression.The results of this study is to accept the second hypothesis proposed in which leadership style has positive influence on employee performance in industrial SMEs in DIY. And, motivation positive influence on employee performance in industrial SMEs in DIY.</em></p>