Metrology challenges of digital optical technologies

<p dir="ltr">Diabetes technology continues to evolve, advancing with our understanding of human biology and improving our ability to treat people with diabetes. Diabetes devices are broadly classified into the following categories: glucose sensors, insulin delivery devices, and digital health care technology (i.e., software and mobile applications). When supported by education and individually tailored, technology can play a key role in optimizing outcomes. Digital devices assist in diabetes management by tracking meals, exercise, sleep, and glycemic measurements in real time, all of which can guide physicians and other clinicians in their decision-making. Here, as people with diabetes and patient advocates, as well as diabetes specialists, primary care providers, and diabetes care and education specialists, we present our perspectives on the advances, benefits, and challenges of diabetes technology in primary care practices.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><b>Key Points</b></p><p dir="ltr">· Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology offers primary care providers (PCPs) access to additional data on patients’ glycemic status to inform therapeutic adjustments and to guide safer decisions for diabetes management. Initiatives are needed to inform PCPs about the benefits of diabetes technology and how to optimize its use in clinical practice.</p><p dir="ltr">· Easy‑to‑use diabetes technology devices prescribed to patients to improve outcomes may reduce consultation time and make clinic visits more effective.</p><p dir="ltr">· Intermittent use of CGM (i.e., professional CGM) should be considered for all individuals with type 2 diabetes who are receiving insulin but not meeting glycemic targets.</p><p dir="ltr">· Personal CGM devices should be more widely prescribed, particularly for individuals with type 2 diabetes who are receiving insulin or at risk of hypoglycemia.</p>

Background: The ubiquity, availability and exponential growth of digital information and communication technology (ICT) creates unique opportunities for learning and teaching in the senior secondary school biology curriculum. Digital technologies make it possible for emerging disciplinary knowledge and understanding of biological processes previously too small, large, slow or fast to be taught. Indeed, much of bioscience can now be effectively taught via digital technology, since its representational and symbolic forms are in digital formats. Purpose: This paper is part of a larger Australian study dealing with the technologies and modalities of learning biology in secondary schools. Sample: The classroom practices of three experienced biology teachers, working in a range of NSW secondary schools, are compared and contrasted to illustrate how the challenges of limited technologies are confronted to seamlessly integrate what is available into a number of molecular genetics lessons to enhance student learning. Design and method: The data are qualitative and the analysis is based on video classroom observations and semi-structured teacher interviews. Results: Findings indicate that if professional development opportunities are provided where the pedagogy of learning and teaching of both the relevant biology and its digital representations are available, then teachers see the immediate pedagogic benefit to student learning. In particular, teachers use ICT for challenging genetic concepts despite limited computer hardware and software availability. Conclusion: Experienced teachers incorporate ICT, however limited, in order to improve the quality of student learning.

Recognizing the immense challenges posed by climate change and aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 13, which focuses on climate action, the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) established the Digital Technology and Climate Change Task Force in December 2022. The Task Force aims to identify opportunities to leverage digital technologies effectively in combating climate change and to provide recommendations for professionals and relevant institutions. Since its inception, the Task Force has met regularly. After conducting a scoping exercise and defining a taxonomy, a comprehensive questionnaire was distributed twice among IFIP stakeholders, namely, technical committees and member societies, to gather insights and understand the diverse perspectives of the IFIP community on this specific matter. This document presents the Task Force's findings and is structured into two parts. The first part introduces the main concepts and challenges of climate change and digital technologies. It discusses the key challenges and concepts related to climate change, the widely adopted strategies for combating it, and the digital technologies and skills required to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of these strategies. The second part of the document focuses on recommendations tailored to various stakeholders, including individuals, computer societies, governments, the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, the research and development sector, and specific industries considered strategic in the fight against climate change: energy, manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of public awareness and education. The Final Remarks section summarizes the findings and proposed actions, emphasizing the critical role of digital technologies in mitigating and addressing climate change. This section also presents general recommendations for various stakeholders. The Task Force Composition and Historical Background section introduces the task force members and provides a brief historical overview. Finally, the References section lists sources and additional reading materials. The illustration on the cover page, created by DALL·E on March 24, 2024, through interactions with Raimundo Macêdo, depicts two people shaking hands—one representing the green transition and the other representing the digital transition.

ETHICOMP 2025 is a multitrack conference that brings together diverse sessions at the intersection of ethics, technology, society, and education. Designed to foster interdisciplinary dialogue, the program offers both thematic depth and crossdomain perspectives. Domain experts chair each track, reflecting the breadth of ethical challenges in contemporary information and communication technology (ICT)—from algorithmic fairness and data protection to AI governance, digital pedagogy, and cyberethics. To reflect the diverse ethical questions raised by digital technologies, ETHICOMP 2025 is organized around the following topical areas: • Let’s Reevaluate Cybersecurity Best Practices • Ethical Challenges of Human Relations in Education in the AI Era • Gender and Future Digital Technologies • The Normative Challenges of AI Literacy • (De)stigmatizing Digital Interactions and Technologies • Artificial Intelligence: Interpretability and Measurement of its Underlying Ethics • Values: The Basis for Responsible Technology and Digital Interactions • How is AI Changing Us? How Does it Change the World? • Ethical Challenges for Business in a Digital World • AI, Social Networks, and Their Influence on Youth

The article presents analysis of key aspects of patient-oriented approach to medical care support in conditions of wide prevalence of digital and telecommunication technologies in modern society. The theoretical reconstruction of main models of "doctor-patient" communication presented in scientific publications is made. The analysis of components of existential landscape of medical communication, (the leading ones are trust and autonomy of patient's personality) was carried out. It is established that purpose of physician-patient interaction in conditions of e-health care is defined as diagnosis and issue of medical report but not follow-up recovery. The conclusion was made about antinomy of digital health care which consists in fact that active introduction of digital technologies into modern medicine, on one hand, serves as demonstration of power of man and his superiority over his own nature. On the other hand, individual is becoming more and more objectified and becomes vulnerable to challenges of biomedical and digital technologies. All this results in increasing of existential risks for patients and physicians associated with crisis of trust and human dignity. The study is targeted to developing of scientific discussion about problems and perspectives of communication between doctors and patients in realities of modern digital society.

This study investigates the role of digital communication technologies in enhancing public administration using Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education as a case study. The objectives were on exploring the impact, finding out the opportunities and identifying the challenges of digital communication technologies. Through a comprehensive analysis of survey data from 146 respondents, the study explores various dimensions of digital communication technologies' influence on citizen engagement, consumer behaviour, and public service delivery. The findings reveal positive perceptions of digital technologies among respondents, highlighting their potential to improve citizen engagement, streamline public service delivery, and overcome traditional barriers to communication. Despite challenges such as limited infrastructure and connectivity issues and infringe of privacy, respondents recognize the transformative impact of digital technologies on public administration processes. Based on the findings, two key recommendations emerge: first, governments should prioritize investment in digital infrastructure to expand internet access and enhance digital literacy among citizens. Second, capacity building and training programs should be implemented to equip public administrators with the skills needed to effectively leverage digital tools for service delivery and citizen engagement. This study underscores the importance of embracing digital communication technologies in public administration and provides valuable insights for policymakers, administrators, and practitioners seeking to harness the full potential of digitalization in governance.

Industrial firms worldwide face two major technological challenges: digitalizing their processes and increasing the environmental sustainability of their production. Both challenges can be addressed separately or in an integrated way. This paper empirically examines the extent to which the adoption of digital and green technologies is done in a complementary way in developing countries’ industrial firms and identify certain characteristics that tend to be present when such complementarity takes place. The analysis is based on a firm-level survey conducted by UNIDO in Ghana, Thailand, and Vietnam. The results suggest that adopting green and digital technologies are interrelated and complementary. Larger firms, more innovative firms and firms participating in global value chains are more likely to jointly adopt green and digital technologies. JEL: 014, 033, O25, Q55

The escalating utilization of digital technology has created new challenges and therefore calls for modifications in organizational culture, technology infrastructure and job structure. However, there is still a lack of research studies that view digital technology from the perspective of how challenges of digital technology can be addressed at the employee level. Transformation toward digitalization requires employees’ readiness to adapt to the new job structure. Adaptability is the employees’ ability to adapt to changes. Employees with adaptive performance can solve problems creatively, manage volatile situations and handle pressure effectively. Adaptive performance can be enhanced when employees are ready to adopt the utilization of digital technology or technology readiness. Technology readiness is the tendency of employees to use new technology to achieve goals related to their lives and work. However, an individual’s tendency to utilize digital technology varies depending on their perception of their job’s meaningfulness and the personality that the person has. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between employees’ technology readiness and adaptive performance, and to examine the role of job meaningfulness as a mediator and proactive personality as a moderator. Data was analyzed using the PLS-SEM. The results showed that employees with the tendency to utilize technology in their jobs have higher adaptive performance. Furthermore, the relationship is mediated by job meaningfulness and is enhanced by employees with highly proactive personalities. The findings from this study can drive organizations to motivate their employees and provide a flexible job structure to encourage the employees to utilize technology more effectively.

Current status and progress of digital orthopaedics in China

The article analyzes the process of shadow employment formation through the prism of modern digital technologies in Ukraine. The authors reveal that the theoretical content of shadow employment is ambiguous, as there is no clear coordinated mechanism for its definition among both domestic and foreign scholars. Essentially, the concept of «shadow employment» is multidimensional, encompassing «informal employment», «undeclared work», «unregistered activities», «unofficial labor», and others, indicating a lack of coherence and a regulatory control system for this phenomenon. In the current state of economic, pandemic, and military escalation challenges and threats in Ukraine, the era of digital technologies has become widespread, leading to opportunities for shadow employment. The article shows that the number of informally employed population had a tendency to decrease in 2021, reaching 3 million people, which is 3.4% less than in 2017. However, due to the full-scale invasion of russia into Ukraine, the data have not been updated since 2022. Based on the study of the Freelancehunt platform, the article proves that the level of adaptation of labor resources to changes in the modern labor market through digital technologies is quite high. This understanding also confirms the importance and scaling of freelancing in the sphere of economic activity of the state, which occupies a significant share of opportunities in the Ukrainian labor market, meeting the demands of business and the modern challenges of advanced technologies. The authors show the index of digital transformation in Ukraine, which includes various aspects of social life, while the highest indicators observed include «paperless mode», «institutional capacity» and «penetration of basic e-services». The article outlines the characteristic features of shadow employment through the use of digital technologies, along with its inherent advantages and disadvantages in the era of the scaling digitalization. The ways to adapt shadow employment through the prism of digital technologies in Ukraine are proposed, with an emphasis on a humane approach with promising opportunities for social guarantees, security, and a tolerant attitude of society in the further use of digital technology aspects in the labor market.

HintergrundAusbildung und Lehre müssen sich den Gegebenheiten insbesondere in Corona-Zeiten anpassen, zumal neue digitale Technologien zur Verfügung stehen. Ärztliche Interaktions- und Explorationstechniken sind die wichtigsten Werkzeuge, die Medizinstudierende im Fach Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie zu erwerben haben.Ziel der ArbeitAvatare in virtueller Realität (VR) können grundsätzlich alle Krankheitsbilder in unterschiedlichen Schweregraden zu jeder Zeit repräsentieren.Material und MethodenIm Bochumer Avatar-Explorationsprojekt (AVEX) treten Studierende in den Dialog mit „psychisch kranken“ Avataren und versuchen, unter Anleitung und Supervision Diagnose, Differenzialdiagnose und Behandlungsempfehlungen zu erarbeiten.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDadurch können die Studierenden auch seltene oder schwere psychiatrische Krankheitsbilder durch VR vermittelt kennenlernen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt erste Erfahrungen insbesondere in Aufbau und Entwicklung sowie bez. der technologischen Herausforderungen dar.

Islamic boarding schools are Islamic-based educational institutions that play a substantial role in educating students holistically. However, economic and technological challenges often become obstacles in empowering students to become Sharia-based technology entrepreneurs. In producing quality student graduates, a curriculum is needed that is not only spiritually based education but must also be relevant to today's world of work. Through the application of Sharia technopreneur, an entrepreneurship curriculum utilizing Sharia-based technology can be carried out to produce quality student qualifications. This activity aims to provide education, socialization, and support for Sharia entrepreneurship knowledge, identification of halal products/halal certification, and how to market products using digital technology (digital marketing), as well as digital payments according to Sharia principles. The event was held at Al-Misbah Islamic Boarding School, Ciseeng, Bogor, West Java. The implementation method is explanation, practical training, and mentoring, giving questionnaires before and after (pre-test and post-test) PKM activities. The results of this activity show an increase in students' knowledge of each sub-material provided based on the pre-test and post-test. This program has significant implications for economic and technological empowerment in the dormitory environment. Apart from improving students' technological skills and knowledge, this activity also opens up opportunities for Sharia-based economic development in the surrounding community. It needs to be implemented sustainably by collaborating between academics, Islamic boarding schools, and the industrial world to increase the financial independence of the people.

The leading factor of the transformation of the legal sphere of post-industrial society is the technological challenges that create risks of technological and legislative singularity. The legal culture is transformed in connection with the formation of a new worldview and legal thinking. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors, patterns, prospects and risks of transformation of the culture of law-making in post-industrial society. The result was the identification of factors of the transformation of the culture of law-making. The increase of the technological component in the composition of the law-making culture of post-industrial society has caused such patterns of its transformation as the symbiosis of legal and digital technologies, the blurring of the lines between the object and the subject, the object and the result of law-making. Prospects for further transformations of the culture of law-making are revealed — acquiring new functions, transforming the system of law and restructuring its sources, innovations in the subject and object composition, stages and technological component of law-making, its inherent terminology. Human-machine interaction, hybridization as the main features of the emerging “digital” culture of law-making not only has advantages, but also carries serious risks, the management of which, along with the proactive impact, becomes the most important function of the law-making culture of post-industrial society

The integration of digital technologies into everyday life has significantly influenced how young people engage with democratic processes, though the implications remain uneven and contested. Digital platforms offer opportunities for civic participation, activism, and political education; however, they also pose risks, including misinformation, polarization, and digital access inequalities, which raise concerns about the inclusivity of youth democracy. This study examines the role of digital technologies in shaping youth democratic engagement, with particular attention to civic participation, digital citizenship, and the challenges of digital environments. Using Scopus AI (search conducted on 11 September 2025), the review applied a narrative review approach combining a structured search string, summary and expanded summary analysis, concept mapping, topic expert profiling, and identification of emerging themes to synthesize literature across disciplines. The findings show that digital culture fosters new forms of engagement through online activism, global networks, while digital citizenship predicts both local and global participation. Nonetheless, challenges including misinformation, online harassment, and ethical concerns about technological determinism limit the democratizing potential of these tools. Emerging themes emphasize the importance of digital competence, innovations in digital democracy, youth-led digital activism, and the transformation of the public sphere. The study concludes that digital technologies present both opportunities and challenges for youth democracy, highlighting the need for educational reforms to strengthen digital literacy, policy interventions to ensure equitable access, and safeguards to protect democratic quality. These provide theoretical contributions to understanding democracy in the digital age and practical guidance for policymakers, educators, and civic organizations.

Metaverse + Realverse: In Search Of Harmony