Micro Small and Medium Scale Enterprises - 'Hidden and Helping Hand in Economic Growth'

Islamic boarding schools as one of the educational facilities are currently starting to develop their potential in the economic field by establishing business centers. Most of the businesses owned by pesantren are micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs are considered to play an important role in Indonesia's economic activities because most businesses in Indonesia are small businesses that absorb a lot of labor. However, significant developments in terms of quantity have not been accompanied by developments in terms of quality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mapping of potential business products from Islamic boarding schools in Malang, analyze the obstacles faced by MSMEs in Islamic boarding schools in product innovation about ntellectual Property Rights. for MSMEs to increase production potential. This study employs Juridical Empirical research. The focus of this research is the protection of IPR for MSMEs in Islamic boarding schools in Malang. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the potential of MSME products owned by Islamic boarding schools in Malang City is currently quite diverse, ranging from supermarkets which are not only limited to internal boarding schools but also for the surrounding community. This activity also opens up opportunities for opening up job opportunities for many people as well as providing entrepreneurial education for students. Given the enormous benefits, this potential needs to be continuously supported and developed from various aspects, one of which is in terms of guaranteeing legal protection for MSME products of Islamic boarding schools through IPR assistance. Constraints faced by MSMEs in Islamic boarding schools in product innovation in relation to Intellectual Property Rights include: lack of detailed understanding of legal protection for MSME actors; stages of trademark registration that are considered difficult. Management is considered to only be able to be done directly and cannot use an online mechanism so that it will require quite a lot of costs; and product exclusivity is not the main thing, business competition is not too tight. IPR protection for MSME products is needed to prevent ideas that are owned and then stolen and used by other parties. Some forms of IPR protection that can be given to MSME products in Islamic boarding schools are through copyright management, brand rights, and having trade secrets.

In response to the inability of micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) to access credit to finance their business operations, the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria passed the Central Bank of Nigeria (Registration of Security Interests in Movable Property by Banks and Other Financial Institutions in Nigeria) Regulations, No 1, 2015. The purport of this regulation is, among other things, to ensure that MSMEs can use items of personal property to create security. This article critically examines the regulation in the light of the building blocks of article 9 of the US Uniform Commercial Code, which is not only a paradigmatic piece of legislation but appears to be the model on which the Nigerian regulation is based. This critical examination leads the authors to conclude that, although the regulation represents the first steps to reform, much more remains to be done to ensure effectiveness.

The study examined the Relative Efficiency of Small and Medium Scale Agribusiness Enterprises in Imo state, Nigeria using the stochastic translog profit function approach. A multi-stage and simple random sampling technique were used in selecting four hundred eighty enterprises (240 each from small and medium scale) from two Agricultural Zones of the state namely Orlu and Owerri zones. Economic efficiency was analysed using the stochastic translog profit function and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) technique was employed to estimate the function. Full economic efficiency was tested using generalized Likelihood Ratio (LR) and t-test statistic was employed to compare the small and medium scale enterprises in the area. The result depicted that both enterprises were not efficient but small scale enterprise was more efficient than medium scale enterprise. There was no significant difference in mean efficiency between the small and medium scale enterprises. The economic efficiencies of the enterprises varied widely between 0.09 and 0.93 and 0.08 and 0.91 respectively for small and medium scale enterprises with a mean of 0.57 and 0.54. Access to credit and business experience was found influencing economic efficiency in both small scale and medium scale enterprises. The study observed that there was an opportunity for increase in enterprises’ efficiency and small and medium scale enterprises should focus more on ways of accessing credit facilities.

With the rapid expansion of unemployment rates is alarming and devastating problem that merited an urgent and eminent attention in Cross River State. The small and medium scale enterprises can be employed as a mechanism or internal strategy to salvage the alarming growth rates of unemployment in our society. But it is impossible for the SMEs to do this more effectively and efficiently due to some critical factors affecting the corporate performance of the small and medium scale enterprises in the system. The low corporate performance of SMEs is attributed to some critical factors or bottlenecks such as difficulty in accessing micro-finances, inadequate management, and lack of experience, market competition, and many other problems. Therefore, this study examined critical factors responsible for low corporate performance of SMEs in Cross River State. Survey design was used in this study. The population of the study was six hundred and fifty-three (653) of small and medium scale enterprises in the area. The sample size was 248 using Taro Yamane formula. The hypotheses formulated were tested using Simple Linear Regression Analysis Model using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20). The study revealed that different obstacles such as inadequate funding and poor capital outlay; lack of easy access to funding/credit facilities; lack of infrastructural facilities; poor management expertise, etc. do significantly affect the corporate performance and growth as well as development of small and medium scale enterprises in Cross River State. It also revealed that the level of corporate performance (productivity) of small and medium scale enterprises significantly affect the growth and development of the area. It was recommended that the operators, owners and management should take a concerted effort in considering the various factors/problems associated and encountered by small and medium scale enterprises and profound possible solutions to it, in order to enhance the growth and corporate performance of SMEs in Cross River State. The government should also establish a well-equipped entrepreneurial programmes and provide funds/grants for small and medium scale enterprises operators in order to boost the economic development of the state.

Unemployment is becoming one of the basic challenges that all developing countries including Ethiopia are facing. To curve the problem and achieve their millennium development goal, such countries should focus on entrepreneurial activities that could enhance employment opportunity to unemployed youth. Micro, medium and small scale enterprises are the most enabling engine for entrepreneurial development of nations creating significant employment opportunities. But because of various factors, these enterprises are not performing as expected. This article therefore, analysed the effect of financial management practice on entrepreneurial performance in four West Oromia major towns mainly; Jimma, Mettu, Bunno Bedele and Nekemtie towns. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through self-administered questionnaire while secondary data was obtained from various sources. The proportionate to sample selection was applied to select samples. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression was applied to analyse data. The logistic regression indicated that accounting information system, financial reporting practice, financial education and literacy, working capital management, field of education of the owners/managers and manner of formation of the enterprises are significant factors affecting entrepreneurial performance in West Oromia. Hence, it is recommended that financial management practice has to be improved to enhance entrepreneurial performance of the micro, medium and small scale enterprises.

BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has a function to provide social security for employees who work in Indonesia, both Indonesian citizens and foreign citizens, including Indonesian migrant workers. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participation in Indonesia is mandatory by law, but based on internal data of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (2021) there are still many workers who have not become participants. Therefore, outreach is needed by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan to implement its function. Where 99,9% of participants and prospective participants are workers who work in micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to analyze the effect of outreach on the financial sustainability of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and to describe whether there is a trade-off or compatible. This study uses secondary data in the form of a cross-section consisting of 122 BPJS Ketenagakerjaan main branch offices in Indonesia in 2018. The analytical method used in this study is the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The outreach carried out by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has effect on its financial sustainability. It can be concluded that there is a trade-off between outreach and the financial sustainability of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. This indicates that when BPJS Ketenagakerjaan wants to maintain its financial sustainability, it will reduce the outreach of services and potential participants. Keywords: outreach, financial sustainability, BPJS ketenagakerjaan, social security, Indonesia

Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries especially in the Gambia are confronted with several drawbacks and challenges, principal which is lack of access to capital. They have not been able to perform the expected vital role in bringing about economic growth and development. The main aim of most small scale enterprise is to be self reliant but the smallness of capital is making this dream unachievable. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of microfinance banks provision of finance on SMEs performance. The study made used of primary source of data collection with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The research adopted a descriptive survey research design. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance. Analysis of data showed that the correlation coefficients of all the independent variables were less than 0.05. Based on the findings of the study, the study concludes that microfinance finance services have significant impact on SMEs performance. The study holistically recommends that micro finance banks continually maintain, sustain and improve on their provision of finance and funding facilities to SMEs are pivotal instrument of economic growth and development and thus occupies a place of pride in virtually every country or state Keyword: Bank, Microfinance, Performance, Small and Medium Scale Enterprise, Sustainability

The fact that entrepreneurship education phenomenon has attracted enormous attention all over the world from almost all sectors is now trite knowledge. Many initiatives are taken at various levels to accommodate and ultimately generate successful entrepreneurs but at the same time, problems in entrepreneurship education phenomenon and performance of small and medium scale enterprises still remain. The aim of this paper is to empirically explore the relationship between entrepreneurship education phenomenon and performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. With the aid of statistical package for social sciences version 25, data collected through primary sources were analyzed using mean, aggregate mean, standard deviation, and spearman rank correlation coefficient. Affective education was found to significantly relate to profitability in the light of which the study concludes that there exists a significant relationship between entrepreneurship education phenomenon and performance of small and medium scale enterprises. It recommends that because entrepreneurship education aims at providing expertise, entrepreneurial abilities and inspiration amongst entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship education centres for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should be set up in Nigeria, where small and medium enterprises managers can have courses in entrepreneurship education and financial literacy. For example, if financial literacy coaching is acquired, SMEs would adopt riskier ventures, diversify investments and raise capital for growth and transformation into stronger companies.

The business enterprise sector has been known as a key supporter in the achievement of the economic evolution in the world at large nowadays. The small and medium scale enterprise in particular have attracted the attention of many governments in our world of today as a key source of employment and economic steadiness.Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the economic growth in Ghana. SMEs contribute to economic development in various ways: by creating employment for rural and urban growing labour force, providing desirable sustainability and innovation in the economy as a whole. The success or failure of new business is often dependent on overcoming a series of potential barriers, such as securing financial backing, adequate and appropriate guidance and training (Fielden et al, 2000). In line of these challenges, this paper sought to evaluate the influence of receivable management on performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana.This study adopted a descriptive design with cross sectional survey. According to Churchill (2011), cross sectional survey affords the researcher to capture the relevant information from almost all the key stakeholders within the SMEs across the Metropolis to be able to do a critical assessment. The study sought to collect data from the SMEs at one point in time and determine the impact of management accounting practices on financial performance of SMEs in in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. The study established Receivable management practices were effectively followed by the selected SMEs, and there was a statistical significant effect of receivable management practices on firm performance.

The role played by small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in employment creation, economic growth and poverty reduction of the developing world cannot be overemphasised. However, the ability of these enterprises to access credit in order to expand their businesses has for years remain a key challenge. Past studies on credit denial among SMEs have emphasised firms' characteristics with little emphasis on firm owners' characteristics such as gender. The present study revisits previous studies and provides evidence supporting our hypothesis that gender matters in credit denial among SMEs. The study relies mainly on primary data and applies the binary probit estimation technique to the dataset. The study reveals among others that owners of small and medium scale enterprises who are females are less likely to be denied credit. Given the findings, recommendations and relevant policy implications are provided.

This study examined the impact of bank credits on the growth of small and medium scale industry in Nigeria for the period of thirty-five years (i.e. 1990-2024). Data were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (CBN) 2025. The data consider for the study include small and medium scale enterprises (SME’s) output share of gross product, credit to private sector, interest rate, and cash reserve ratio. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with the aid E view 9. The result revealed that individual variables has no significant impact on small and medium scale enterprises growth in Nigeria. However, the combination of explanatory variable has significant impact of SME’s growth as reported by statistic. Hence, the study concluded that bank credit play a crucial role in the growth of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria should compel banks to increase the fund allocation for small and medium scale enterprise to serve as a pool of fund accessible only to small and medium scale enterprises.

With its increasingly expanding uses, the furniture industry has become a basic industrial sector in the world, especially in the developed countries, and it represents 2% of the total labour and 2% to 4% of the total production. The global foreign trade of furniture was around $174 billion in 2008. Though it has been growing fast, the furniture industry in Turkey is far from the level in the developed countries. In regard to the Turkish furniture industry, 99% of which consists of small and medium scale enterprises, just like all the other industries, few data are needed to be able to make accurate evaluations. The current conditions in the small and medium scale enterprises have been neatly described in this study. It tries to offer solutions to the problems, analyze the competition opportunities and shed light for future studies by eliminating inadequate data. It is the first study in the field since there has not been such research which covers the whole country except for the regional ones. Also, this project is supplementary to the studies carried out by the researchers on the large-scale enterprises, the whole industry is analyzed. Key words: Furniture, furniture industry, small and medium scale furniture enterprises.

Though the percentage occupied by small scale enterprises is high in the industrial composition of Japan, health supervision of workers engaged in small scale enterprises is far more retarded than that in large scale enterprises. It is necessary to ascertain how retarded the health supervision actually is in order to introduce improvements in environmental sanitation and health supervision of workers engaged in these small scale enterprises. The author conducted a survey on four types of industries by scale, that is bolts and nuts manufacturing industry, garment sewing industry, plastic processing industry, and bread and confectionary industry. It was found that the smaller tha scale the higher the percentage occupied by family members, minor workers, and old aged workers and that there was an increase in small scale enterprises not to provide a weekly rest day to workers. Workers in most of these enterprises work 10∼12 hours per day with a smaller percentage of workers covered by the social security scheme than those of larger enterprises. Environmental sanitation of many of these small scale enterprises is poor and only 13% of such enterprises provide medical examination for tuberculosis with little effort in the way of other health matters. little utilization is made of community medical institutions except for emergency care. Though there were evident signs of collaboration among small scale enterprises, collaboration with regard to health matters was hardly noted in these enterprises. Only 9% of the small scale enterprises were sub-contractors of large scale enterprises while larger percentage of them were sub-contractors of small and medium scale enterprises. None of the small scale enterprises was found to provide a health supervision program.

The study examined social media marketing strategies adopted by SMEs for their business survival in Delta State, Nigeria. The research population consists of all 3,976 registered SMEs with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria, Delta State office (SMEDAN). Three hundred and ninety-eight (398) registered Small and Medium Enterprises in Delta State were used as sample which represents ten percent (10%) of the total number of registered SMEs which is in line with keilinger recommendation of sample study. A self structured questionnaire was used for data collection titled "Social Media and SMEs Questionnaire" (SMAPSMEQ). Data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. The simple percentage, frequency count, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data received via research questions. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the three hypotheses. Findings shows that there exists a significant relationship between the impact of cause marketing strategy and customer’s loyalty among Small and Medium Enterprises, as an increase in the cause marketing strategy of SMES also leads to a corresponding increase in their customer’s loyalty and vice versa. A statistically significant relationship exist between the adoption of relationship marketing as social media marketing strategy and customer’s patronage among Small and Medium Enterprises in Delta State, which implies that maintaining a good relationship with its customers will have positive influence on the customer’s patronage, encourage mutual relationship, cheaper customer acquisition of Small and Medium Enterprises. Findings also shows that there exist a significant relationship between the adoption of scarcity marketing as social media marketing strategy and the volume of sales among Small and Medium Enterprises in Delta State, which means that if a good scarcity marketing strategy is maintained by a Small and Medium Enterprises, their volume of sales would also be positively affected. Based on the findings, it was recommended that small and Medium Scale Enterprises should give adequate attention to improving their cause, relationship and scarcity marketing strategies by setting up unit committees in their organization to see that these objectives are achieved. Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria, Delta State office (SMEDAN) should continually encourage Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to uphold the use of these business strategies by using them as benchmark for raising the standard of their Enterprises across Delta State.
 Keywords: Social Media Marketing, SMEDAN, SMAPSMEQ, SMES, Strategies and Survival.

This study examines Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) and economic growth in Nigeria with the aid of secondary data sourced from World Bank Development Indicators (WDI), CBN annual statistical bulletin and bulletin of the national bureau of statistics (NBS) covering a period of 1990-2024. The method of analysis employed was the ordinary least square method of multivariate regression utilized in analyzing the log-linearized Model of real gross domestic product (RGDP) as dependent variable and Agriculture, Manufacturing, educational institution, Renewable energy SMEs as independent variables. The estimated model shows that that all four variables had a significant positive impact on RDGP thereby highlighting the importance of these four components to promoting economic growth. The study recommends that the government should assist these SMEs by granting loans, access to finance, reduced taxation and subsidies that will improve their productivity and in turn have a positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria.