Military Organizations and Programs Contributing to Resilience Building

Research into autonomous or remotely piloted vehicles has stimulated interest in the CFD analysis of these types of aircraft designed around non-traditional mission requirements. As a joint CFD code validation effort by The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP), a consortium of governmental interests in five countries, a study is being conducted into the performance predictions of various Boeing/US AFRL model 1303 UCAV configurations with different leading edges. The purpose of this study is to assess the current CFD capabilities for UCAV type vehicles of the TTCP countries in order to identify shortcomings and through this collaborative effort improve the performance of the codes. This multi-year study includes a baseline, as well as sharp and rounded shaped profiles. Angles-of-attack range from -5 to 25 degrees. A variety of government and commercial flow solvers have been applied, including AVUS, COBALT, OVERFLOW, NPARC, and FLUENT. Various turbulence models are also examined and included in this effort. CFD results have been compared using lift, drag, moment, and pressure coefficient profiles to experimental data, collected at the QinetiQ low-speed 5 meter wind tunnel in Farnborough, U.K., as well as code to code comparisons. After the first year of results was obtained using a baseline leading edge, it was seen that both similarities and differences exist among the results from the various CFD codes and with experiment. Analysis of the data reveals that various strengths and weaknesses in the CFD approaches influence the agreement with experiment. This comparative study offers the opportunity to leverage and improve CFD approaches among the various participants in order to attain improved computational capabilities for planned future efforts.

Emerging and disruptive technologies are those technologies which are deemed to have potentially disruptive effects to our current way of thinking and on current Defence Systems of Systems (SoS) solutions. The Emerging and Disruptive Technologies Action Group (EDTAG) within The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) has successfully influenced international and national strategic planning capabilities by developing and applying an end-to-end process to identify, assess, contextualise, and report on the impact of emerging and disruptive technologies on national strategic and force development programs. The EDTAG process is widely applicable across international organisations as well as national science and technology enterprises. EDTAG validated and implemented the process, which resulted in significant insight into several new emerging science and technology areas. In this paper, we discuss the end-to-end process that EDTAG developed from 2011-2013, the activities that comprise that process, and the recommendations and lessons learned from development and implementation.

First, the authors will refer to the general tasks that the armed forces are faced with in connection with the epidemiological threat. Then, the tasks and areas of Polish soldiers' involvement during the fight against the pandemic will be presented. Further, the impact of the existing threat on the functioning of the armed forces will be analyzed. Finally, based on the analyses carried out, conclusions will be drawn to boost the readiness for epidemiological threats, allowing the appropriate state security level to be achieved more effectively. The appearance of SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus, causing the COVID-19 disease in Poland, was a new and unprecedented threat posing an enormous challenge to the state security management system. Therefore, the armed forces have been involved in the fight to stop the pandemic quickly and efficiently. Primarily, the services of territorial defense forces, operational forces, and cadets were relied upon. Soldiers support the health service, carry out preventive measures, and monitor and control national borders. They participate in mitigating the effects of the crisis and in strengthening the resilience of local communities. They support the activities of local government and sanitary institutions. The evolving pandemic has become a test of military units' effectiveness and readiness taking part in the fight. military units' effectiveness and readiness taking part in the fight. This allows us to draw conclusions that are significant for the armed forces' on-going operations and define future directions concerning modernization and development.

In the scientific article, the authors note that basic military training, hereinafter referred to as BMT, must be conducted on a mandatory basis in order for Ukrainian citizens to obtain military specialisation, skills and abilities necessary to fulfil their constitutional duty to defend the homeland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The basic military training programme for students should be implemented with the aim of training individuals studying at higher education institutions, higher military educational institutions and military training units of higher education institutions in order to provide students with the basic knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for further professional training and, if necessary, for performing the functional duties of the primary position of ‘rifleman,’ which is the basic position for enlisted and senior personnel of the security and defence forces, since the main task of a rifleman is to perform combat tasks in close combat using personal firearms. The authors of the article conclude that combining collective and differentiated approaches in the BMT programme means adapting the complexity of educational tasks to the individual characteristics of higher education students (military personnel), while relying on interaction within the military community. The combination of the unity of the educational process and military training in the BMT programme ensures the simultaneous formation of professional competencies, moral and combat qualities, and psychological resilience of military personnel. The content of the BMT programme should be developed taking into account the principle of gradual learning, which involves a transition ‘from simple to complex’. The individual stage of training under the BMT programme should be focused on mastering basic educational components, in particular tactical and fire training, as well as acquiring knowledge and practical skills in related fields – psychological and engineering training, military topography, tactical medicine, communications and protection against radiation, chemical and biological weapons. The programme should also provide in-depth study of military history, the national combat traditions of the Ukrainian people, and be aimed at forming a conscious motivation to defend the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. The authors determine that special attention during training under the BMT programme should be paid to familiarisation with examples and methods of action of enemy information and psychological operations units, as well as with the main approaches to ensuring information security and countering destructive psychological influence.

: An international computational aerodynamics study under the auspices of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) Weapons Technology Panel 2 (APN-TP-2) involving participants from defense research laboratories of the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia was recently completed. The purpose of this study was to examine computational predictive technologies for finned missile shapes by comparing Navier-Stokes predictions to experimental data. Experimental data consisting of surface pressures on the body and fins, flow field pitot pressures, and force measurements were available for comparison to the computational results. The computational results for this study established an extensive database for evaluation and comparison. The fall database consists of results from six Navier-Stokes codes obtained by seven multi-block patched and unstructured grids for five distinct test cases. The statistical analysis techniques developed to help provide an evaluation of the predictive techniques are described. Quantitative results of the analysis of the differences between computational and experimental results are presented graphically and quantitatively in terms of medians, standard deviation, and a figure of merit to assist in the overall evaluation of the study results. The good performance achieved using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and multi-block patched and unstructured grid techniques are noted in the findings.

The impact of the news technologies development on the newsgatheringbusiness played significant role in setting new standards in the news coverageand the ethics of media outlets. The deadlines, the channels of communicationand feedback changed so fast in terms of the media scope, focus, and newscycle.Accordingly, this process posed certain challenges for the militaryleadership regarding operational planning. Now they have to consider theadequate media coverage while thinking about personal and operational securityof their units on the field. The information is considered to be the fifthdomain of warfare along with earth, sky, sea and space.Due to that necessity we concluded survey of the attitudes for theethical and technical standards of media and military in armed conflicts inIraq and Afghanistan, so we can define the scope of cooperation between the twoprofessional communities. We explored the stereotypes of 60 professionals fromdifferent back ground as media outlets, military expertise and job description,professionals with experience in missions abroad in conflict zones. The surveyhelped us to define the interactions between military and media in conflict zones;to determine the framework of their cooperation and the expectations they have,while trying to fulfil their obligations in the field.Our main task-to target and enlarge the mutual understanding aboutthe other professional community's standards and operational procedures and to makemedia and military working together in a less confrontational manner withoutaltering the real picture in the battle field. The media operations areconsidered to be essential part of the military operations with respect to themedia influence in shaping public opinion. Because the public opinion back homeis crucial to the operational success of the actions undertaken by the government.The journalists and the military officers consider the need for mutual trainingwhile working in hostile environment and building a standard procedure to benecessary and periodical in terms of avoiding shortcomings from previousoperations. This is very positive trend for learning the good examples andunlearning the contra productive ones.This practice could be very useful in setting standards when ajournalist willingly or unwillingly violates the ground rules while embedded ina military unit. 80 percent out of the all responders in the survey pointed outthat media and military should have friendly and cooperative attitude towardseach other in the field. Building ground rules procedures that could enable theworking process both in media and military communities is crucial. So is themilitary leadership readiness to navigate the media expectations to buildstrong and fair reporting of facts and tell realistic, objective and compellingstories from the battle field.

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics DoD — : Departent of Defense SOUS — : Section on Uniformed Services WWII — : World War II More than 2 million children in the United States live in military families and 90 000 infants are born to these families each year. Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents , third edition,1 a publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), outlines an approach to comprehensive care for the individual child in the context of his or her family, as well as the community. Understanding the unique concerns of military families, such as the stress of parental wartime separation, and the specific resources available to these families, can help prepare all pediatric providers to meet the needs of this population regardless of where a medical home is established. Although military pediatricians are subject matter experts on military children and family needs, military pediatricians are not the sole providers of care for military children. Up to 50% of children in military families obtain their primary care outside of a military medical facility.2 Some service members’ families leave military installations and return “home” during deployment and obtain local pediatric care. National Guard and Reserve members often use established local resources, rather than switch to active-duty services during their “activation.” The Department of Defense (DoD) direct health care system is not large enough to care for all military children. Therefore, all pediatricians should be familiar with the population of American children who live in military families. A review of the historical perspective and the current demographics of the US military family is helpful when framing the challenges faced by military children and those who care for them. Military and civilian pediatricians are better prepared to articulate the concerns of military children and support their needs if they understand the child within the context of his or her family and community. For most of its history, the … Address correspondence to Beth Ellen Davis MD MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma WA 98431. E-mail: bedavis{at}uw.edu

As former U.S. Army Surgeon General Horoho points out, a large fraction of what determines the health and readiness of our military families does not occur during appointments with professionals, but rather within the "Lifespace-where health really happens...." Indeed, when children of military families experience psychosocial difficulties, such stress impacts the service members' personal well-being and ability to focus at work, impairing their capacity to attend to the mission. As such, the Department of Defense (DoD) has instituted a family readiness system to bolster resiliency within military families, including children, e.g., by linking families with support networks. Bolstering military family resiliency, including the prevention of and effective intervention for child psychosocial problems, is an important issue at all levels of the DoD. Service members, leaders, and policy makers have a vested interest in promoting mission readiness and a healthy force. Research can play an important role in shaping decision-making by consolidating what is currently known and not known about a particular expertise area. To date, there has been no consolidation of research regarding outcomes associated with military community support and the programs that currently exist to bolster child and family resiliency. Given the importance of military families to mission readiness, a review of the relevant research is warranted. This commentary article reviews the literature on community support for military children, provides an overview of currently available resources, discusses concerns with the current provision of support services to military families, and offers recommendations for future research, policy, and implementation of military community support programs. Although there is a dearth of research on available support programs, there appears to be no lack of services available to military families. However, several steps could be taken to make these resources into a more supportive system. Family members must be able to identify what support services exist, distinguish which service is most suitable for their needs, and be able to readily access these services in a resource-conserving manner. Considerable overlap in support services seems to suggest limited coordination between organizations and service providers, particularly in regard to the government/civilian interface, which inherently lies outside of DoD control. This overlap suggests a redundancy, which may not be efficient economically or in regard to accessing support. There also may be some confusion over which support service is most suitable for the consumer's need. Although some overlap is useful, such as the provision of different services to different populations (e.g., having separate programs for the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine subcultures), limited organization and parsimonious provision of services makes it particularly difficult for spouses and family members to navigate resources. Initial attempts are being made to organize and consolidate resources in both the government and civilian sectors. However, it is clear that these initiatives have not completely solved problems related to resource access, redundancy, and lack of research-supported efficacy.

There is increasing research and knowledge on the impact of PTSD symptoms on the health and functioning military community members, however, less is known about how PTSD is described and discussed amongst these individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the language around PTSD used in the military community. This qualitative study used a combination of in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews, focus groups, and survey free-text responses. A total of 40 individuals participated in this study including military family members, veterans, health care providers working with veterans, and staff working with military families. Three themes were identified from the analysis including: stigmatizing perceptions associated with PTSD; using the term PTSD in the military community; and specific words used to describe and identify PTSD. This information is critical to the understanding of how mental health difficulties are perceived and understood through the unique experiences and lens of the military community. Understanding how PTSD is described will directly inform the content and development of military culturally informed programs and services. Further research is required to understand how the language of other mental health disorders are understood by this population.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Letter to the EditorFull AccessChronic Stress and AdaptationHAROLD KUDLER, M.D., HAROLD KUDLERSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Durham, N.C.Published Online:1 Mar 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.552AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor:In the August 2005 issue of the Journal(1), Kathleen T. Brady, M.D., Ph.D., and Rajita Sinha, Ph.D., proposed a connection between substance abuse disorders and four commonly comorbid disorders: depression/mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. The link offered is the neurobiological effect of chronic stress. This is a particularly timely contribution given that hundreds of thousands of new combat veterans are now in the deployment/redeployment cycle. Among their most common diagnoses are PTSD, major depression, and substance abuse.This clustering of diagnoses raises the question of whether a single biological defect or set of defects can be identified as the lynchpin of traumatic stress. It remains unclear whether some individuals are biologically predisposed to one or more disorders based on preexisting vulnerabilities or if life experiences with specific psychological meanings endured under extreme social pressure (including the complex disruption of deployment and the intense bonding of soldiers under fire) alter otherwise fit neuroendocrine and neuroanatomical systems—right down to gene expression—to produce disorders of traumatic stress. Drs. Brady and Sinha did not identify a single factor but rather a complex system of primarily biological stress responses capable of producing different but sometimes overlapping clinical pictures in different individuals. This is a valuable perspective, but for a majority of new combat veterans, psychological, social, and adaptive factors (given short shrift by Drs. Brady and Sinha) deserve more attention.Research findings suggest that about 20% of combat veterans develop a diagnosable mental disorder within the first few months of demobilization (2), but experience demonstrates that virtually all combat veterans face serious readjustment challenges. The practical problems of most returning veterans might be better understood, expressed, and discussed in terms of adaptive struggle rather than neurobiological illness. When soldiers return with hypervigilance, hyperarousal, intrusive traumatic memories, and emotional withdrawal, we might be of more help to them, their families, and their communities (including their military units) if we frame their current state as a necessary and even successful adaptation to deployment rather than a mental disorder.PTSD and other disorders of extreme stress are serious medical conditions, but the line between postdeployment adaptation and illness is often obscure. For the majority of new veterans, readjustment problems have more to do with an evolving “goodness of fit” than with psychopathology. Readjustment takes time for most combat veterans, but we are still talking about adaptation rather than disorder. For soldier, family, community, clinician, and even scientist, readjustment might best be understood in terms of an ongoing dynamic balance. Drs. Brady and Sinha have teased out some of the biological underpinnings of that dynamic. More focus is needed on its psychological, social, and adaptational dimensions.

Special Report: How to Work With Patients Using Problem-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapies

The rampant rise of violent extremist incidents across the globe poses an urgent threat to humanity requiring an immediate action. Vulnerabilities within diverse communities can serve as a critical fault line that can potentially foster extremist tendencies. This paper focuses on examining this pressing issue with specific reference to Pakistan. The study argues that although external factors contribute significantly, internal factors too, hold paramount importance in confronting the challenge of violent extremism. The paper addresses the issue of violent extremism in Pakistan, emphasizing the importance of building community resilience. The study aims to inform and shape state’s policies and strategies in the context of P/CVE. It sheds light on various forms of violent extremism, i.e., acts of terrorism, religious violence, gender-based violence, violent protests, riots, and hate crimes, demanding a comprehensive understanding. The literature review underscores various factors influencing community resilience, highlighting the significance of a multi-stakeholder approach. The paper highlights the need for an active role of academic institutions, think tanks, and NGOs in P/CVE. Structured across chapters, this paper analyses the issue of violent extremism in Pakistan and suggest soft approaches to tackle this issue. By charting a comprehensive path forward, it aims to contribute to a more secure and resilient Pakistan. References Ahmad, I. (2023, July 12). Punjab police registered 10,365 cases of violence against women in 4 months: SSDO. The Nation. https://www.nation.com.pk/12-Jul-2023/punjab-police-registered-10-365-cases-of-violence-against-women-in-4-months-ssdo Babakhel, M. A. (2023, March 18). Two Approaches. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1742789 Dal Farra, S., & De Riz, L. (2017, December 19). Building Resilience Against Violent Extremism. Retrieved from https://www.salto-youth.net/downloads/toolbox_tool_download-file-1773/Booklet%20BRAVE.pdf DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM AND TARGETED VIOLENCE. (2019, September). US Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence.pdf Ghosh, R., Chan, W. Y. A., Manuel, A., & Dilimulati, M. (2017, May 4). Can Education Counter Violent Religious Extremism? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 23(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1165713 Gul, A. (2023, September 30). Report: Surge in terrorism kills more than 700 Pakistanis. Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/a/report-surge-in-terrorism-kills-more-than-700-pakistanis/7291609.html Hummel, K. (2023, May 23). The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan After the Taliban’s Afghanistan Takeover. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-tehrik-i-taliban-pakistan-after-the-talibans-afghanistan-takeover/ Iqbal, K. (2021). Pakistan’s Non-Kinetic Responses to Violent Extremism. Strategic Thought, 3, 147–161. https://doi.org/https://www.strategicthought.ndu.edu.pk/site/article/view/31 Khan, S. (2022, October 10). Pakistan: Activists Sound Alarm over Hate Crimes – DW. Dw.Com. https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-activists-sound-alarm-over-hate-crimes-blasphemy-claims/a-63396489 Kumar, A. (2011). The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation. Institute for Defence Studies Studies & Analysis, New Delhi, 1–144. https://doi.org/https://www.idsa.in/system/files/book/Book_TerrorChallengesSouthAsia.pdf Nafees, M. (2022, January). Blasphemy Cases in Pakistan: 1947 – 2021. Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS). https://crss.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Blasphemy-Report-.pdf Pakistan. (n.d.). United States Department of State. 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Global Counter Terrorism Forum, n.d. https://www.thegctf.org/documents/10162/159885/13Aug09_EN_Good+Practices+on+Community+Engagement+and+Community-Oriented+Policing.pdf. ‘Outreach Branch – NACTA – National Counter Terrorism Authority NACTA Pakistan’, n.d. https://nacta.gov.pk/outreach-branch/. Rae, J. A. (2012, September 22). Will It Ever Be Possible to Profile the Terrorist? doi:10.15664/jtr.380. ‘Report: Surge in Terrorism Kills More Than 700 Pakistanis’, 30 September 2023. https://www.voanews.com/a/report-surge-in-terrorism-kills-more-than-700-pakistanis/7291609.html. Taylor, E. (Lily), Taylor, P. C., Karnovsky, S., Aly, A., & Taylor, N. (2017, April 3). “Beyond Bali”: A Transformative Education Approach for Developing Community Resilience to Violent Extremism. 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The toll of multiple and prolonged deployments on families has become clearer in recent years as military families have seen an increase in childhood anxiety, parental psychological distress, and marital discord. Families overcoming under stress (FOCUS), a family-centered evidence-informed resiliency training program developed at University of California, Los Angeles and Harvard Medical School, is being implemented at military installations through an initiative from Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. The research foundation for FOCUS includes evidence-based preventive interventions that were adapted to meet the specific needs of military families facing combat operational stress associated with wartime deployments. Using a family narrative approach, FOCUS includes a customized approach utilizing core intervention components, including psychoeducation, emotional regulation skills, goal setting and problem solving skills, traumatic stress reminder management techniques, and family communication skills. The purpose of this study is to describe the development and implementation of FOCUS for military families. A case example is also presented.

Florida public librarians are impacted by at least one named storm a year and are statutorily designated as essential providers of emergency services. To understand how resiliency can be improved through the services of public libraries, we surveyed Florida’s public library directors about their public library systems’ preparedness for natural disasters to identify policies and procedures libraries may have to enhance community resilience. Through our survey, we documented that few public librarians severely affected by 2018’s Hurricane Michael had formal disaster plans in place and expressed desires to respond to adverse events as part of an integrated community-wide response. Although library staff members were considered essential workers, few library leaders regularly attended local emergency management meetings. While librarians worked more often with county and local government partners during disaster preparation, response, and recovery, library directors reported that local governments lacked an awareness of the services libraries provided during crises. This study’s results have implications for improving community resilience in and through libraries by generating new knowledge for practitioners and researchers about proactive policy creation and implementation.

This article looked into the memorial lecture delivered by Professor Dr Wah Yun Low in memory of the late Professor Walter K. Patrick, focusing on building resilience within families and communities in the aftermath of COVID-19. This article examined resilience across sociocultural contexts, using case studies to highlight adaptation, psychological flexibility, and coping strategies post-adversity among families and communities. It explored resilience's theoretical and real-world aspects, emphasizing interdisciplinary perspectives, practical applications, sociocultural contexts, and policy implications. This article emphasized themes of unity, strength in adversity, and intergenerational resilience. It highlighted the importance of interventions in three key areas-well-being, mental health, and social capital across different life stages, from childhood to adulthood. Resilience-building requires integrating individual, family, and community strategies, fostering collaboration across sectors, and focusing on long-term sustainability. Investing in resilience strengthens immediate crisis responses and lays a foundation for thriving, adaptable communities in future challenges.