Mixed methods research in tourism and hospitality journals

In the past 40 years, with the rapid development of the feminist movement and academia worldwide, great changes have occurred in gender studies from the discipline system to the academic theory. To accomplish growth and sustainable development, gender equality and the empowerment of women are essential, as without them, half of humankind would be deprived of rights and opportunities.According to many gender tourism researchers, Hospitality and Tourism Management studies have gender issues that focus on "women as subordinates". This article aims to analyze the global research trends in gender issues in the tourism industry using Scopus database publications. The tasks set by the researchers are to identify the main problems of gender aspects in tourism development. The evolution of feminist paradigms supports this, the new potential research methods and the project’s design, from a gender perspective.The results showed that the gender issue in foreign tourism is not new, although the research process was slow in the early 2000s. In addition, the results also reveal that the amount of research on gender issues related to tourism has multiplied in the last 5 years. And analysis of Kazakhstan publications on gender issues in tourism showed that gender issues in the tourism industry of Kazakhstan have not been studied in a scientific sense so far, however, few scientists have shown interest in the last 5 years (2017-2021). In our opinion, this breakthrough can relate to the IV World Women's Conference held in 2019. This conceptual research work will provide a theoretical framework that enhances the development of gender research in tourism. За последние 40 лет, с быстрым развитием феминистского движения и академических кругов во всем мире, произошли большие изменения в гендерных исследованиях от системы дисциплин до академической теории. Для достижения роста и устойчивого развития гендерное равенство и расширение прав и возможностей женщин имеют решающее значение, так как без них половина человечества была бы лишена прав и возможностей. По мнению многих исследователей гендерного туризма, исследования в сфере гостеприимства и управления туризмом имеют гендерные проблемы, которые фокусируются на «женщинах как подчиненных». Целью данной статьи является анализ мировых тенденций исследований гендерных вопросов в туристической отрасли с использованием публикаций базы данных Scopus. Задачи, поставленные исследователями, заключаются в выявлении основных проблем гендерных аспектов в развитии туризма. Эволюция феминистских парадигм, новые потенциальные методы исследования и дизайн проекта с гендерной точки зрения подтверждают это. Результаты показали, что гендерная проблематика в зарубежном туризме не нова, хотя процесс исследования был медленным в начале 2000-х годов. Кроме того, результаты также показывают, что количество исследований по гендерным вопросам, связанным с туризмом, за последние 5 лет увеличилось в разы. А анализ казахстанских публикаций по гендерным вопросам в туризме показал, что гендерные вопросы в туристической отрасли Казахстана до сих пор не изучались в научном смысле, однако за последние 5 лет (2017-2021 гг.) мало кто из ученых проявил интерес. По нашему мнению, этот прорыв можно связать с IV Всемирной женской конференцией, состоявшейся в 2019 году. Эта концептуальная исследовательская работа предоставит теоретическую основу, которая усилит развитие гендерных исследований в туризме.

PurposeThis study aims to provide a timely review of the COVID-19-related empirical research published in 19 quartile one (Q1) and quartile two (Q2) tourism and hospitality journals in social science citation index (SSCI).Design/methodology/approachA total of 407 COVID-19-related empirical papers were collected from the 19 SSCI Q1 and Q2 tourism and hospitality journals via Scopus database. Thematic content analysis was supplemented with Leximancer software to identify the research themes/subthemes, research methods and countries/regions of research.FindingsThe study found studies of COVID-19’s impact on consumer behaviour predominate in number, followed by studies on response actions and recovery strategies, impact on industry or sectors and impact on workers and employees. Based on the research themes identified, a knowledge mapping framework was produced. Over 70% of the studies used quantitative methods with quantitative survey as the dominant method of data collection. The USA and China were found to be the most studied countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe study reviewed empirical research papers until January 2022 and covered most of the COVID-19-related empirical works in the field. An overview of the current state of COVID-19-related empirical research was provided with some critical discussions and suggestions for future research topics.Originality/valueThe findings give researchers a clear index for the current state of the art of COVID-19 research in hospitality and tourism. The paper provides practical implications for industry practitioners to retrieve relevant knowledge from the recent COVID-19-related literature in tourism and hospitality in coping with practical challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Innovation processes in services remain under-researched, but recently large-scale surveys have been conducted which allow for a more systematic appraisal of the level and scope of innovation in services. To date, much of the literature on innovation in services focuses on the adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Innovation in services, and services innovation, should, however, be understood in broader terms, and this understanding should extend to non-technological innovation. This paper presents evidence from a recent large-scale survey of innovation amongst German commercial service firms. It shows that services are much more active with respect to innovation than is widely thought. They are innovative in terms of being producers of service and process innovations. From our broader perspective, we examine the pattern of innovation as it relates to the standardisation-particularisation of service products, across a range of service sectors and across firms of various sizes. The production of bespoke or customised services shaped by client inputs has long been considered a defining characteristic of many services, and one that has affected their innovation potential. The present analysis reveals a pattern of diversity in behaviour, which reflects the diversity amongst service firms, and demonstrates the need for more subtle and differentiated analyses of services and services innovation.

Asian academic research in tourism is a very recent field of research, which has significantly developed over the last decade due to the strong expansion of the tourism industry worldwide, and also owing to the strong evolution of search engines via the Internet. This article analyses the main contributions to Asian academic research in tourism over recent years using bibliometric indicators. The results obtained are based on the information contained in the Web of Science database. These results focus on explaining three fundamental questions. Firstly, we study the publication structure of Asian articles in tourism over recent decades, as well as the citations these articles have received. Secondly, we present a ranking of the most important tourism journals in Asia through the use of a series of indicators such as the number of publications in said journals, the number of citations, and the h-index. Finally, we present a list of the 50 most cited Asian articles in tourism (and hence the ones that can be considered the most influential) of all times. The results show how, in Asian terms, the most influential journals in this field are Tourism Management (TM), the Annals of Tourism Research (ATR) and the International Journal of Hospitality Management (IJHM).

Mixed methods research (the combined use of quantitative and qualitative methods within a single study) has developed rapidly in the last few years. This methodological approach is becoming increasingly articulated, attached to research practice and recognized, along with qualitative research and quantitative research, as the third major research approach (Johnson, Onwuegbuzie, & Turner, 2007).The scientific fields with more tradition in using and developing mixed methods research are Education, Sociology, Psychology and Health Sciences. This methodological approach is championed by methodologists from these fields such as John Creswell, Abbas Tashakkori, Burke Johnson, Anthony Onwuegbuzie, Jennifer Greene, Charles Teddlie and David Morgan (Denscombe, 2008). Books specifically focused on mixed methods research are being published in these fields (Andrew & Halcomb, 2009; Bergman, 2008; Brewer & Hunter, 2006; Creswell & Plano Clark, 2007, 2011; Greene, 2007; Morse & Niehaus, 2009; Niglas, 2004; Ridenour & Newman, 2008; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003, 2010; Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2009).In January 2007 the first issue of a journal solely devoted to mixed methods research (Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Sage Publications) was published. The two founding co-editors, John Creswell and Abbas Tashakkori, are researchers in the field of Education. Other methodological journals that publish mixed methods studies include this journal (International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, also launched in 2007), along with Quality and Quantity, Field Methods and the International Journal of Social Research Methodology. Empirical articles that employ a mixed methods approach using this distinct name in the title are also published in Education, Sociology, Psychology and Health Sciences, and literature reviews that analyze the prevalence and application of mixed methods are carried out. An annual conference devoted to mixed methods is organized by schools and researchers from these fields (in 2011 the 7th International Mixed Methods Conference was hosted by the School of Healthcare in the University of Leeds, UK). Moreover, a Special Interest Group on Mixed Methods Research was formed in the American Educational Research Association in 2005. In summary, as noted by Creswell and Plano Clark (2007), mixed methods research has only been carefully used and examined in a handful of disciplines.In the case of Business and Management, our fields of inquiry have not embraced this methodological approach as enthusiastically as the fields described. Although there are calls for using mixed methods research in Business and Management fields (Cameron, 2011, Currall & Towler, 2003; Jick, 1979; Molina-Azorin, 2007), the acceptance and attention devoted to mixed methods research is very low in relation to other fields. There is not any specific book on mixed methods research in Business and Management. To date and to the best knowledge of the two special issue editors, a special issue on mixed methods has not yet been published in any Business and Management journal. Moreover, Creswell and Tashakkori (2007) make the pertinent point that the literature base about mixed methods research may not be well known to individuals in specific fields. Cameron and Molina-Azorin (2011) and Molina-Azorin (2011) confirm this issue in the case of Business and Management studies.In addition, in contrast to studies in the fields of Education, Sociology, Psychology and Health Sciences, the term 'mixed methods' is not usually used in the title of mixed methods studies in Business and Management. Furthermore, in the journal Organizational Research Methods, the main methodological journal in our field, the term 'mixed methods' is not a listed keyword. This issue also occurs in other business and management discipline journals.On the basis of such broad scanning evidence it seems likely that the advantages, possibilities, purposes, designs and potential of mixed methods research may be yet still unknown to many researchers in Business and Management. …

Mobility, Modernity, and Abroad

This dynamic structure has also shown itself in tourism studies, which have been carried out on current issues. This study examined articles published in hospitality journals in the last 40 years. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, and International Journal of Hospitality Management in SSCI were selected as case studies. Five thousand three hundred and ninety-five articles in the journals were analyzed using the content analysis method. MAXQDA and VOSviewver programs were used as analysis tools. Comparative content analysis was made. The changes in the word frequencies of the studies were revealed in 10-year periods. Keywords of the articles, author collaborations, and country collaborations were analyzed. The study results show that the main themes of the research are similar, but different words come to the fore over time. The keywords Satisfaction, Hotels, Hospitality, and Tourism were used more. Themes such as social media, social customer, social life, social management, customer, value, communication, and the brand were used more, especially after the 2000s. The United States, Hong Kong, and China are first-in cooperation countries. The most productive authors are Hua, N., Kim, H., Han, H., Matilla, A. S., and Law, R..

Methodological pluralism or plurality is considered as the employment of more than one method in an inquiry. Methodological pluralism can be categorised into mixed methods and multi-method. The current study explored the use of methodological pluralism in Library and Information Science (LIS) research produced by Pakistani authors. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore latent and manifest use of methodologies in research articles authored by Pakistani published between 2001 and 2016 in national and international journals. Multiple searching strategies were used to identify the articles published in international journals. Findings show that high majority of Pakistani authors did not use the terms mixed methods and multi-method in the description of methodology. Nearly one third (30%) research articles used more than one method. The share of multi-method research (16%) is slightly higher than mixed methods research (14%). In multi-methods articles, combining of quantitative methods was less prevalent as compared to qualitative methods. Multi-method quantitative was used in only six articles. In case of multi-method qualitative design, interviews, personal communication and discussion with experts, literature review and content analysis are the most popular methods. In mixed methods research, interview and questionnaire are the most used methods. Growth in methodological pluralism is half than growth of articles with single method. Knowing and elaboration of the differentiation in mixed methods and multi-method can help in the education and use of methodological pluralism among LIS researchers. Authors should use and explore methodological plurality by treating multi-method designs as separate from mixed method designs.

This article reviewed research articles published in three leading hospitality journals — Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, International Journal of Hospitality Management and Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. Sixty published issues (20 issues per journal) with a total of 539 articles were reviewed. The key objective of this review was to identify articles which dealt with the psychology of hospitality management and to analyse key features of those articles. Findings of a content analysis show that approximately 40% of published articles dealt with psychological topics. The most frequently researched psychological issues were clustered into three main categories: customer behaviour, employee behaviour and managerial behaviour. For the analysed psychological articles, most were authored by two or three authors, mostly academics. The most common type of research approach was testing causal models. The majority of articles employed quantitative research designs and analyses. Key implications of this study include the call for stronger diversity in hospitality psychological research and methodological approaches, better linkages between research and practice, as well as the incorporation of hospitality psychology in hospitality management curricula.

Mixed methods research commonly uses video as a tool for collecting data and capturing reflections from participants, but it is less common to use video as a means for disseminating results. However, video can be a powerful way to share research findings with a broad audience especially when combining the traditions of ethnography, documentary filmmaking, and storytelling. Our literature review focused on aspects relating to video within mixed methods research that applied to the perspective presented within this paper: the history, affordances and constraints of using video in research, the application of video within mixed methods design, and the traditions of research as storytelling. We constructed a Mind Map of the current literature to reveal convergent and divergent themes and found that current research focuses on four main properties in regards to video: video as a tool for storytelling/research, properties of the camera/video itself, how video impacts the person/researcher, and methods by which the researcher/viewer consumes video. Through this process, we found that little has been written about how video could be used as a vehicle to present findings of a study. From this contextual framework and through examples from our own research, we present current and potential roles of video storytelling in mixed methods research. With digital technologies, video can be used within the context of research not only as data and a tool for analysis, but also to present findings and results in an engaging way. In conclusion, previous research has focused on using video as a tool for data collection and analysis, but there are emerging opportunities for video to play an increased role in mixed methods research as a tool for the presentation of findings. By leveraging storytelling techniques used in documentary film, while staying true to the analytical methods of the research design, researchers can use video to effectively communicate implications of their work to an audience beyond academics and use video storytelling to disseminate findings to the public.

Triangulation is a measurement technique often used by surveyors to locate an object in space by relying on two known points in order to ‘‘triangulate’’ on an unknown fixed point in that same space. Early on, social scientists borrowed the concept of triangulation to argue for its use in the validation process in assessing the veracity of social science research results. There are alternative perspectives on the use of triangulation that argue for its usefulness as a ‘‘dialectical’’ process whose goals seek a more in-depth nuanced understanding of research findings and clarifying disparate results by placing them in dialogue with one another. This special issue of the Journal of Mixed Methods Research (JMMR) analyzes and explores the variety of ways triangulation is used in mixed methods research and the range of issues and controversies surrounding triangulation praxis. To date, there are few scholarly in-depth discussions of its deployment in mixed methods research. The choice of triangulation as the topic for this first special issue of JMMR is based on the claims made by many scholars in the field that triangulation provides a justification for the use of mixed methods. The contributors to this volume raise many questions about the meaning of triangulation, its philosophical positioning in the mixed methods community, and strategies for using triangulation in the design of mixed methods studies, analysis and interpretation of data, and making visible subjugated voices. They take provocative positions, suggesting that qualitative, constructivist, and interpretive pathways provide greater potential for research to address the social good than has been possible using mixed methods approaches that are more closely aligned with the postpositivist paradigm. They revisit the ‘‘paradigm wars’’ and ask this question: Are we still stuck with the incompatibility thesis that paralyzed advances in mixed methods in past decades? They explore and critique the potential of alternative methodologies for harnessing the synergy that is said to lie in the application of mixed methods research designs by asking another set of questions: Have members of the mixed methods community done an injustice to pragmatism as a philosophical frame for mixed methods? Is qualitatively framed mixed methods the way forward? Is it possible that qualitatively framed mixed methods are better suited to the ability of mixed methods researchers to demonstrate a causal relationship between variables? How and when should triangulation be brought into mixed methods research to obtain a more nuanced

The current study's goal is to investigate issues surrounding human development in Thailand's MICE sector from the viewpoints of stakeholders. The 18 participants in the qualitative research were from Thailand's MICE cities. A number of problems were found, including a lack of awareness among workers, a shortage of workers in the MICE sector, a lack of knowledge of foreign languages, a lack of communication skills, a lack of effective networking among stakeholders, and a lack of training programmes. The resolution of these problems could lead to job prospects. References Adros, N.M. & Wee, H. (2019). Human capital issues in the Malaysian MICE industry from the expert’s perspective. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 11(1), 82-100. Asif, M. (2021). Contingent Effect of Conflict Management towards Psychological Capital and Employees’ Engagement in Financial Sector of Islamabad. Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus. Asif, M. (2022). 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Mixed method research designs can be extremely useful in extending knowledge in the sales domain. A bevy of mixed method designs are at the disposal of sales researchers seeking to reap the benefits of this combination of research approaches. However, application of mixed methods in sales research has been rather limited, focusing primarily on exploratory sequential designs. The purpose of this article is to provide an exposition of mixed method research in the sales domain and offer avenues of extension that employ underutilized mixed methodological approaches. Accordingly, a definition of mixed methods along with its benefits and drawbacks is espoused followed by guidance in conducting mixed method research. A review of sales-related mixed method studies is then provided and articles containing both quantitative and qualitative methods are analyzed to glean insight on the state of mixed methods research in sales. Future avenues for mixed method research are then provided focusing on best practices and techniques that have yet to be embraced by sales researchers. This article aims to be a resource for sales scholars in expanding the mixed method research paradigm.

The tourism and hospitality research landscape is constantly evolving and the field is growing in maturity. One of the features that dominates this evolution is the proliferation of academic journals. The number of tourism and hospitality journals has increased from less than ten before the 1980s to around 300 in 2017 (Shani and Uriely, 2017). Among the various knowledge dissemination channels that exist, academic journals play a leading position and serve several important functions. They play a central role in knowledge production and are considered key to knowledge advancement in any discipline (Xiao and Smith, 2007). Journals signify the existence of a scientific domain, niche discipline, or school of thought (Nie et al., 2009). The various tourism and hospitality journals constitute the main reservoir of knowledge for researchers, students, and practitioners alike. Interestingly, these journals have been in their own right, the focus of investigations, described by Figueroa-Domecq et al. (2015, p. 88) as “the scholarship on the scholarship” of tourism and hospitality research. Within these groups of studies feature fervent debates on research methodologies and related aspects. For example, Xiao and Smith (2006a) noted a rise in the number of articles published in Annals of Tourism Research that have as their main objective the dissemination of new concepts, models, and methods. Such an argument can also be extended to other journals in the field, where articles focusing on research paradigms and methods are common.

Background: Mixed methods research, which is gaining popularity in medical education, provides a new and comprehensive approach for addressing teaching, learning, and evaluation issues in the field.Aim: The aim of this article is to provide medical education researchers with 12 tips, based on consideration of current literature in the health professions and in educational research, for conducting and disseminating mixed methods research.Conclusion: Engaging in mixed methods research requires consideration of several major components: the mixed methods paradigm, types of problems, mixed method designs, collaboration, and developing or extending theory. Mixed methods is an ideal tool for addressing a full range of problems in medical education to include development of theory and improving practice.