Mo(u)vement(s), Interrupted

Simmonds, Maureen J. PhD, PT*; Moseley, G. Lorimer PhD, PT†; Vlaeyen, Johan W. S. PhD‡ § Author Information

Late-gestation blockade of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) activity in pregnant mice produces discrete morphological abnormalities in the somatosensory cortex of offspring. We investigated the functional implications of this lesion on the behavioural arousal response to moderate hypoxia. Pregnant mice received twice-daily injections of 200 microl saline (control), or saline + 50 microg VIP antagonist (anti-VIP) on embryonic days 17 and 18. Offspring were studied unrestrained at 6-7 weeks after birth, in a bias-flow whole-body plethysmograph during behavioural quiet sleep. Arousal was defined by movement (MVT) lasting > or =1 s. Hypoxic ventilatory (HVR) and arousal responses were measured during a 5 min exposure to 10 % O(2)-3 % CO(2) (hypoxia); peripheral chemoreflex drive was estimated by transient hyperoxia administered at rest and end-hypoxia (Dejours-type test). MVTs increased in all mice during hypoxia, but in anti-VIP mice: (a) MVT onset was delayed (174 +/- 90 vs. 108 +/- 59 s from the start of hypoxia, anti-VIP vs. control; P = 0.008); and (b) MVTs were less frequent, and total MVT time in hypoxia was less (8 +/- 7 vs. 15 +/- 9 %; P = 0.03). The HVR, and peripheral drive at rest and end-hypoxia were comparable in control and anti-VIP mice. In conclusion, a significant arousal deficit was evident in anti-VIP mice. This was not associated with obviously deranged peripheral or brainstem-mediated responses to hypoxia during sleep. This may signal a general deficit in the way hypoxic distress is monitored and processed, and arousal initiated and sustained in these mice.

Functional overlap between hand and forearm motor cortical representations during motor cognitive tasks

Joanne Barkan. Visions of Emancipation: The Italian Workers' Move ment since 1945. New York: Praeger, 1984

Objetivou-se estimar as correlações fenotípicas (r) entre os escores comportamentais de reatividade aplicados durante e após a pesagem e os ganhos médios diários de peso (GMD) de cordeiros cruzados Suffolk x Île-de-France, aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade, bem como estudar o efeito da habituação dos animais ao manejo. As variáveis avaliadas por meio de escores foram: interferência do avaliador para o animal entrar na balança (INT), vocalização (VOC), movimentação (MOV), tensão (TEN), movimentos exploratórios (ME), postura de orelhas (ORE) e o teste de tipos de marcha (TM). Os resultados das correlações de Spearman obtidos entre os escores indicam que VOC, MOV e TEN podem ser consideradas como características importantes na expressão da reatividade de ovinos em ambiente de restrição. Já o GMD parece não estar associado com a reatividade dos cordeiros avaliados. Por fim, aos 90 dias de idade, os cordeiros apresentaram-se menos reativos, em função do aprendizado por habituação

The mandibular position can be interpreted the meaning of occlusal and condylar position. Furthermore, it is the subject to must be made clear as occlusion is studied in the same way of the mandibular movement.Two experiments were conducted in the two groups, 8 men aged from 19 to 24 (adolescence group) and 6 men aged from 48 to 65 (advanced age group). First, occlusal positions and position of the condyle in swallowing position and capsular position as mandibular retruded position were registered by means of pantograph, and these positions were calculated three-dimentionally. Second, swallowing position and capsular position of the condyle, and lateral position of the condyle were surveyed by radiograph. Then the distance from above measured various occlusal positions and centric occlusion, and the distance from above measured various positions of the condyle and the con. dyle position in centric occlusion were calculated.The following conclusions were obtained:1. Swallowing occlusal position and capsular occlusal position were both located more rear-inferior to centric occlusion in advanced age group than in adolescence group. And capsular occlus al position was located rear-inferior to swallowing one in both groups.2. Swallowing position, capsular position and terminal hinge position of the condyle were all located more rear-inferior to stable condylar position in advanced age group than in adolescence group. Swallowing position of the condyle was located far distant in all, and capsular position, terminal hinge position were followed.3. The amount of rear-inferior-outward mov ement of left and right lateral occlusal positions from centric occlusion was greater in advanced age group than in adolesceece.4. In both adolescence and advanced age, lateral position of the condyle on the left and right, was moved in working side rear-sup rioroutwards of and in balancing side pro-inferiorinwards of stable condylar position. The amount of the movement was greater in adolescence than in advanced age.5. Aboved mentioned findings were proved to be correct by means of radiographic survey, too.

With the rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing, customers' demand for on-time delivery rate (ODR) makes scheduling strategies face new challenges. In order to meet customers' delivery requirements, scheduling strategies generally need to comprehensively consider remaining cycle time (CT), ODR, movement (MOV) speed and machine load balancing. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposed a scheduling strategy of semiconductor production lines with remaining cycle time prediction. Firstly, gather features related to performance index and then filtrate them through dimension reduction method. Secondly, use the above feature subset to build remaining cycle time prediction model by random forest algorithm. Next, design the scheduling strategy of semiconductor production lines with remaining cycle time prediction. Finally, make simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling strategy. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling strategy can improve the mean CT, throughput (TH), machine utilization time (MUT) and ODR in different extant.

A genetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences was conducted to investigate both species identity and populations genetic structure of South American Bryde's whales. The genetic analysis was based on historical, biopsy and stranding samples from Chile (n= 10) and Brazil (n= 8). For comparative purposes published sequences of the Bryde's whales from different localities of the Indian and Pacific Oceans (including Peru, n= 24) were incorporated into the analysis. Results of the phylogenetic analysis identified the Bryde's whales of South Ameri ca as Balaenoptera brydei. No statistically significant genetic differentiation was found between Chilean and Peruvian Bryde's whales. However, striking differences were found between western South Atlantic (Brazil) and eastern South Pacific (Peru and Chile) animals. In addition, striking genetic differences were found between all South American localities and those from the western North Pacific, Fiji and Java. These results suggest movement of B. brydei in the eastern South Pacific in the latitudinal range corresponding to Chile and Peru. These results also suggest no or very limited mov ement of whales between the South Pacific and the South Atlantic Oceans. This is consistent with the notion that B. brydei is not distributed further south of approximately 40oS on both sides of South America.

WAR HAS raged in Sudan for all but 1i of the 45 years since its inde pendence. The most recent round of fighting began in 1983, after then President Ja' far Muhammad Numayri revoked the autonomy that had been granted to the country's south 11 years before and imposed Islamic law (the shari a) throughout the land. These steps were the final insult to the predominantly non-Muslim, non-Arab population of southern Sudan, which had long been cut off from the distribution of national resources and otherwise marginalized. At first, it was John Garang's Sudanese People's Liberation Move ment (SPLM) that took up the south's fight against government forces. But in the 19 years of bloodshed since, Sudan's civil war has been carried on by four different northern regimes and countless southern alliances. With two million fatalities so far, this war has produced more casualties than those in Angola, Bosnia, Chechnya, Kosovo, Liberia, the Persian Gulf, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and Rwanda put together. An astounding four million Sudanese-out of a population of around 29 million-have been made homeless. Yet militarily, the fighting has accomplished little. Today the government controls only key garrison towns in the south; the rest of the region is ruled by the SPLM or one of the many other factions that have evolved over the years. Meanwhile, rather than moving the conflict closer to resolution, political and economic developments in Sudan over the last few years have made achieving a negotiated and just peace even more unlikely.