Mobile Agent Security in MANET Using Reputation

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) comprises of self-organizing autonomous mobile nodes. MANETs are open and decentralized. Therefore they are vulnerable to malicious entities. MANETs are multi-hop wireless network where all nodes supportively maintain network connectivity without a centralized infrastructure. Since MANETs are infrastructure less and independent, the secure communication is the main issue. Therefore they are vulnerable to malicious entities. Here the location identity and traffic can be traced out by an outside observer. Anonymity means secure communications by hiding node identities and preventing traffic analysis attacks by outside observers. This paper proposes Position based Anonymous Routing Scheme in MANETs (PARS).Here the routing is based on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol. The objective is an anonymous routing protocol for the network. The proposed one is a zone based anonymous GPSR based protocol that can provide source, destination and route anonymity. Performance of the proposed system is compared with that of GPSR and AODV using Network Simulator. Index Terms: Anonymous routing, position-based routing, random forwarder, zone partition. I. Introduction Mobile Ad hoc Networks are collection of independent mobile nodes that can communicate by radio waves. It is an infrastructure less self-organizing network. The nodes that are in radio range can communicate by single hop or by multi hop with the help of intermediate nodes. The network is open and decentralized and fully distributed. So they are perfect choice for communication and information sharing. MANETs are susceptible to malicious entities that aim to alter and analyzed the traffic analysis by communication eaves dropping or attacking routing protocols. MANETs are characterized by their distributed operation, multi hop routing, dynamic topology and shared physical medium. Nodes in a MANET are independently free to move in any direction. Due to the lack of a centralized coordinator security is the major concern here. Wireless communication can endure interferences or malicious interceptions; whereas multi-hop communication assumes that each node will perform properly its functions to support network services. Further, self-organization increases the complexity of security management operations as access control, node authentication, secure routing and cryptographic key distribution. There is no fixed infrastructure and the topology is frequently changing due to node mobility or environmental changes. Therefore, it is very hard to maintain a stable and efficient end-to-end route in an ad-hoc network. Each node in MANET is energy constrained. There is verylimited physical security in MANET. The type of attacks can be Active attacks or Passive attacks. The common security issues are Passive attacks which include eaves dropping and information disclosure. Active attacks include Do Sand Data modification. There are other more specific problems with mobile ad hoc network such as vulnerability of channels and nodes, Byzantine black hole and Byzantine wormhole attack. The security issue also includes attacks that may inject erroneous routing information and diverting network traffic thus making routing inefficient. There are many methods to reduce the impact of these attacks, which include a secure routing using public and private key s to get a certification authority and use of digital signatures and prior it rust relationships. Routing is the process of communication from one node to the other host in a network. Routing is the process off or warding packet towards its destination using most efficient path. Routing efficiency is measured in terms of Number of hops, traffic, security, etc. Routing protocols in MANETs are divided as reactive proactive and hybrid. Reactive Protocol maintains the routes in on demand manner. In route discovery phase it floods the route request (RREQ) packets throughout the network. Dynamic source Routing (DSR), ad hoc on- demand distance vector routing (AODV) are some of the examples of reactive protocols. In proactive approach every node in the MANET continuously maintains the complete routing information of the entire network. This is accomplished by flooding network periodically with network status information. Global State Routing (GSR), Hierarchical State Routing (HSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV) are some of the examples of proactive

Mobile ad-hoc networks are a type of self-configuring networks in which the node moves from one location to another without any fixed infrastructure. Providing security in mobile ad-hoc networks is a challenging task due to its frequent topology change. Protecting legitimate nodes from the malevolent nodes is an important factor. To solve this problem, we propose trusted agent-based lightweight surprise check for malevolent node detection in mobile ad-hoc networks. This scheme uses three phases: lightweight surprise check manager, cluster formation and mobile agent phase. Lightweight surprise check manager detects the malevolent node based on node forward rate, node acknowledgement, secure communication and node location. In cluster phase, the clusters are formed depending upon received signal strength and the cluster heads are elected based on the residual energy and utility of neighbors. In mobile agent phase, the secret key method is used to verify the mobile agent authentication. The mobile agent is used for data communication among cluster head to destination, thus it reduces the energy utilization, network overload, average delay as well as improve the network efficiency in the network. Simulation results shows that the lightweight surprise check scheme provides improved security and quality of service compared to the existing schemes.

Mobile ad hoc network(MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that are free to move in any direction. It is an infrastructureless network means it has no fixed or predefined network. MANET is a self configuring network with no central authority. Security is one of important and desired feature and the major aspect to be concerned in MANET. The performance and security of MANET is affected by various security attacks. MANET is not only affected by the attacks that are faced in wired or wireless medium but it also has its own security threats. This paper outlines various network layer security attacks and their preventive measures in Mobile Ad-hoc Network.

Security is very important for the reliable operation of mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs). One of the critical security issues in MANETs is the revocation of misbehaving nodes. In this paper, we propose a trust based threshold cryptography revocation scheme for MANETs. In our proposed scheme, the master private key is split into n pieces according to a random polynomial. Each node in the proposed scheme is configured with a share ski of the CA private key SK, the node's public key pki, and the CA public key PK before joining the network. Meanwhile, the master private key could be recovered by combining any threshold t pieces based on Lagrange interpolation. Consequently, the proposed scheme improves the safety levels in MANETs. The proposed hop-by-hop certificate revocation scheme is based on both threshold cryptography and transitive trust between mobile nodes. Because of the decentralized nature of our proposed scheme, it enables a group of legitimate nodes to perform fast revocation of a nearby misbehaving node. The proposed scheme is highly robust in the mobility environment of MANETs. The advantages of the proposed scheme are justified through extensive simulations.

Security has become important to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due mainly to their use for many mission and life-critical applications. However, the broadcast nature of inter-node communications and node mobility in MANETs make it very challenging to secure MANETs. Moreover, their constantly changing topology causes network node density and neighbor relationships to change dynamically. This paper presents an intrusion detection system (IDS) for MANETs at the application layer. The IDS utilizes (1) both anomaly and misuse detection schemes to identify attacks in MANETs and (2) mobile agents (MAs) to augment each node's intrusion-detection capability. In particular, each node is equipped with a local IDS, and MAs will be dispatched periodically or on-demand to augment each node's IDS. We present the design of this IDS and the overall network structure, as well as the methods for authenticating and dispatching MAs. We also evaluate the trade-offs between different design parameters of MAs.

Problem statement: In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) routing protocols, we require a network-level or link layer security. Since without appropriate security provisions, the MANETs is subjected to attacks like network traffic, replay transmissions, manipulate packet headers and redirect routing messages. In order to address these needs, a policy based network management system that provides the capability to express network requirements is required. Approach: In this study, we propose a policy based scheme for combined data security which focuses mainly on three policies: Integrity, authentication and Confidentiality. For providing security not only to data, but also for routing information, we calculate the trust indexes of the nodes and the route is selected according to the trust value which improves integrity. Then in order to provide authentication, we propose a Distributed Certificate Authority (DCA) technique in which multiple DCA is required to construct a certificate. Next we propose an RSA based novel encryption mechanism in order to provide Confidentiality among the nodes. Thus, the desired level of security is provided by the system based on the policy of the user by executing the corresponding security modules. Results: By simulation results, we show that this scheme provides a combined data security in MANETs and can be used efficiently. Conclusion: Our proposed combined data security policy provides complete protection for the data in MANET communications.

Mobile learning (M learning) supports ubiquitous learning thus is a strong contender in distance learning. One of the challenge faced in development of m learning is an efficient and secure communication network. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) refers to a set of wireless mobile nodes possessing no centralized architecture as well as a dynamic topology. One of the fast evolving application in MANET is mobile-learning (m learning). Security in MANET’s is a challenge due to its open medium. The routing assumes that all the nodes in the network are trustworthy which leaves the network vulnerable to attacks. Trust management schemes are popularly used for secure routing, verification, interruption location, and access control. In this work, clustering and trust is used for mitigating maliciousness and formation of clusters is optimized using heuristic method. Swarm intelligence (SI) is an efficient option for optimizing routing in a complex network situation, where traditional routing strategies come up short. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) employs the concept of social interactions to get optimal solutions. Simulation results proved that the proposed PSO with weighted trust model achieves better performance for packet delivery ratio, end to end delays as well as cluster formation in malicious environment.

Emergent Intelligence Based QoS Routing in MANET

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), authentication is a critical issue. It is a tough task to provide security and authentication in MANETs due to the absence of any centralized administration and dynamic topology of the network. This paper presents a robust and secure mechanism for authentication of nodes in the MANET. The proposed authentication protocol is based on certificate exchange between the nodes. This protocol also uses digital signature with a hash function to maintain the authenticity of certificates. Simulation shows that this protocol shows better performance in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet dropping in presence of malicious nodes in the MANET. In addition, it also has less computation and communication overhead, which makes it suitable for MANETs.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are infrastructure-less networks characterized by lack of prior configuration and the hostile environments. Their unique properties make them a natural candidate for situations where unplanned network establishment is required. However this flexibility leads to a number of security challenges. Security in MANET is a very complex job and requires considerations on the issues spanning across all the layers of communication stack. This chapter reviews the security problem in MANET. It provides an updated account of the security solutions for MANET with detailed discussions on secure routing, intrusion detection system and key management problems. The chapter is concluded with a comprehensive security solution for MANET.Keywordsactive attacksCOINScross-layer securityintrusion detectionkey managementMANETpassive attackssecure routingthreshold cryptographytrust management

Securing the transfer of data in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is still a challenging issue. This paper proposes a method for providing message security in MANETs when nodes cooperate in routing. Our approach combines a trust-based multipath routing scheme and a real-time recurrent neural network-based (RRNN) cipher (yielding our so-called TR-RRNN scheme) to deal with the issues underlying message confidentiality, integrity, and access control. Simulation experiments using QualNet were conducted, showing that the proposed scheme is much more secured compared to the traditional multi-path routing algorithms and a recently proposed message security scheme for MANETs (our so- called Original Trust-based Multi-path Routing scheme (OTMR)). The route selection time and trust compromise are used as the performance criteria.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) always bring challenges to the designers in terms of its security deployment due to its dynamic and infrastructure less nature. In the past few years different researchers have proposed different solutions for providing security to MANETs. In most of the cases however, the solution is targeting a particular attack or multiple attacks but fails to find the root cause of it. In this paper we use system level security for deploying the overall security in MANETs. The system level security is the security at node level as we believe that if nodes behave properly and in a coordinated fashion, the insecurity level will go drastically down. Our simulation results gives the advantage of using this approach

Now a day's use of wireless communication is very common and growing faster. There are different types of wireless networks which are designed as per the requirement of data rate and coverage. In this paper scope is limited to widely study and used network called Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). MANET is collection of wireless devices which communicate among each other without need of any physical infrastructure as well as centralize administrations. Each mobile node in MANET acts as peer node. The communication is MANET is based on routing methods and hence since from last 2 decade there are number of routing methods designed with objective of improving the Quality of Service (QoS) performance of MANET. As the mobile nodes in MANET are moving randomly with varying mobility speed, this can leads the challenging tasks to achieve the guaranteed QoS performance. Therefore it is required to have efficient routing protocol with load balancing and dynamic behaviour of mobile nodes handling in MANET. In this paper, our goal first is to present the study on different QoS aware routing methods and non-routing methods designed by various research groups for MANET. Second objective is to design novel QoS Aware routing protocol for improving the QoS performance in MANET. Additionally, we are presenting the current research gap based on analysis of all recent methods of QoS improvement. The outcome of this paper is the current research problems and efficient QAODV routing method.

Networks are being used in various areas and the demand of users nowadays has motivated the emergence of the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). MANET is a dynamic network without fixed infrastructure due to their wireless nature and can be deployed as multi-hop packet networks. It is a wireless network and has dynamic topology due to its node mobility. There are two types of MANET, homogeneous and heterogeneous MANET. An architecture has been designed in previous work to model these two types of MANET. Three scenarios have been defined from this architecture: scenario I (communication entirely within MANET, homogeneous MANET), scenario II (communication between MANET and wireless LAN, heterogeneous MANET) and scenario III (communication between MANET with wireless LAN and wired LAN, heterogeneous MANET). MANET has its own routing protocols which can compromised with frequent route exchange, dynamic topology, bandwidth constraint and multi-hop routing. Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) is one of the routing protocols in MANET. The aim of this research is to assess the effects of different packet size with the implementation of AODV routing protocols in homogeneous and heterogeneous MANET through the simulation method. The three scenarios above have been developed in the OMNeT++ network simulator. The results achieved from the test have been evaluated using the metrics assigned, throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The tests show that the increase of throughput and PDR performance was parallel with the increase of packet size. From the test also, we can conclude that the performance due to the packet size effect in homogeneous MANET is better than in heterogeneous MANET.

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have gained more interest from consumers and academics than ever before thanks to the proliferation of wireless networks and the expansion of the benefits and uses of communication networks in general. MANETs are useful in a wide variety of settings since they don't rely on a centralised server or other hardware to relay messages or process data packets. It's one of the primary justifications for implementing MANET in many different domains. However, there are also numerous difficulties that have arisen as a result of these networks' rising popularity, with network security being one of the most crucial. There have been challenges with data transmission and reception due to MANETs' weak regulatory and security frameworks; network infiltration has been identified as one of the most pressing concerns. In MANETs, wireless nodes serve as relays and routers, connecting the source and sink nodes. Accordingly, it is now possible for rogue nodes to penetrate networks and destroy data packets. In order to cope with this issue, modern intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are utilised for remote monitoring of the functioning and actions of nodes present in wireless sensor networks. As well as being able to identify hostile nodes in the network, IDSs can often predict how such nodes will act in the future. In this research work, NSL-KDD dataset is used as an input data. SMOTE and Z-score method are used during pre-processing to remove the irrelevant features and normalize the data. The optimal features are carried out by Artificial Butterfly algorithm and then, finally, ensemble classifiers s. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) and finally, the adaptive voting mechanism is used to select the best classifier. The results proves that the proposed ensemble model achieved 97.16% of accuracy, where the existing models achieved nearly 95% to 96% of accuracy.