Mobile Robot Localization using Rotating Synthetic Aperture RFID

An analysis of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) between a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device and an Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) is presented in this paper. In particular, the analysis focuses on the effects of EMI produced by an RFID reader on ICD operation. Thus, a brief overview of both ICD and RFID devices is presented at first. Subsequently, several experimental tests are performed inside an anechoic RF chamber, which ensures an appropriate shielding against external EMI sources. As a result, the comparison among ICD operating thresholds highlights its susceptibility against the RFID device.

A double PUF-based RFID identity authentication protocol in service-centric internet of things environments

Certain businesses call for a high level of traceability to track high value products. This case study of City Healthcare,1 New Zealand, focuses on the complex management issues related to the initial decisions to use radio frequency identification (RFID) technology on such a product, instead of a barcode. RFID devices are effectively tiny memory storage devices that can be read and sometimes written to from a distance using radio waves through an appropriate interrogation device. RFID devices have been touted as a replacement for barcodes in supply-chain applications. Issues and challenges investigated here include the ability of RFID to replace barcodes, business benefit from technology investment, technology adoption, and the role of external regulations in the adoption process.

In recent years the acceptance of Radio Frequency I dentification (RFID) technology in business environments has been increasing rapidly due to its competitive business value. Adopting a suitable RF IDbased information system has become increasingly important for supermarkets. However, most supermarkets still use conventional barcode-based s ystems to manage their information processes, which are consistently reported as one of the most unenth usiastic aspects of supermarket shopping for both customers and management. We propose an RFID agent-based architecture that adopts intelligent agent technology with an RFID based applications. RFID provides capability to uniquely identify an object wi thin a supermarket area, while agents are able to establ ish a channel of communication which can be used to facilitate communications between a RFID device and supermarket back-end system. The proposed framework includes a design of intelligent mobile s hopping cart equipped with both RFID and agent technologies. As a result of using the proposed RFI D agent based architecture, the customer shopping experience will be improved due to ease of retrievi ng of the detailed information on items and quick checkout by scanning all items at once, thus elimin ating queues. From supermarket management point of view the proposed architecture will reduce the cost of operation e.g., decreasing cost of goods sold w hich comes in the form of labor efficiency in areas of c heckout operation, inventory management and alerting the supermarket management when a certain product is running out of stock and needs to be restocked.

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is developing rapidly and is widely applied to assist all human needs. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a very popular IoT device. One application is to limit employee access in the office. In this study, RFID devices are used to limit room access rights, after the building user performs an RFID scan, the data will be stored in the database. The stored data is then used to find patterns of employee activity using the FP-Growth algorithm. The FP-Growth algorithm runs by tracing the tree from bottom to top and getting frequent itemsets obtained from the FP Tree based on the stored data. This study indicates that the time required for the RFID device to scan to determine whether the user has access or not is 2000ms. The hardware communication time with the information system using the API is 262ms then proceeding from the software to the database is 239ms. In the implementation of the FP-Growth algorithm, the time required for the FP-Growth algorithm to process 100 activity data divided into 10 days is 324 ms. From the 100 activity data, it can be concluded that if the employee enters the server room, server room, guest room, and guest room, the probability of the employee entering the multimedia room is 1 (100%). Furthermore, if the employee enters the multimedia room, multimedia room, server room, employee room, and the guest room then the probability of the employee entering the data room is 0.1 (10%).

In this work, a deep economic and technical analysis for the enhancement of e-waste hierarchy applied to the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is presented. Nowadays, the RFID technology represents a valuable solution for many applications to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply chain, as well as for enhanced people or object identification and smart devices. This leads to massive usage of such devices that could represent a threat to the environment, since they are often considered as generic waste and no specific e-waste policy has been identified for RFID. For these reasons, the paper presents a study based on the desk research technique to propose several possibilities currently available for producers of different RFID devices in order to mitigate this problem at every e-waste hierarchy stage, i.e., ecological design and prevention, reuse, recycle, and disposal. Moreover, a cost/benefit analysis has been reported in order to highlight the economic advantages related to the RFID tags reuse, as well as environmental impact reduction. Results proved that passive RFID tags represent the major candidate for the e-waste hierarchy enhancement at every level, demonstrating that it is more convenient for the producer to consider an ecologically aware design and promote a take-back system for tags in order to take advantages from the solution proposed for the RFID e-waste hierarchy.

<p>            Billions of passive radiofrequency tags are produced by the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) industry every year to identify goods remotely. New research and business applications are continuously arising, including recently localization and sensing for earth science. Indeed, the cost of tags is often several orders of magnitudes below conventional outdoor sensors used in earth science, allowing to deploy up to thousands of tags with minimal investment. Furthermore, passive wireless tags require little maintenance, which fits well for years-long monitoring. This study reviews the earth science applications that are being developed today, that use RFID devices available on the market, i.e., 900 MHz far-field tags and 125 kHz near-field tags.</p><p>            Ground displacements of centimeters to hundreds of meters can be monitored using RFID location techniques. Indeed, RFID tags were firstly used in earth science to track the displacement of riverine and coastal sediments due to bedloading. Near-field tags inserted in pebbles can be identified typically up to 0.5 m from the reading device even when buried. The tags are read either by fixed portals or by a mobile device, obtaining either high space or time resolution data, respectively. Very recently, measuring the phase difference of arrival of far-field tags allowed to estimate displacements with centimetric accuracy, with a tag-reader distance up to 50 m. That allowed measuring the ground displacements continuously relatively to a fixed reader, or to estimate tags location placed on the ground by carrying a reader over a drone using the synthetic aperture radar method. Alternatively, RFID tags can also be used for sensing the evolution over time of the temperature, moisture level, vibrations, resonant frequency or crack opening of a geologic object.</p><p>            This review presents multiple applications for monitoring unstable rock/earth structures using RFID. First, slow landslides can be monitored with accurate displacement monitoring and with soil moisture sensors. Then, prone-to-failure rock columns could be monitored by sensing crack opening or resonant frequency, using the same tags as with the concrete structure applications. Finally, sediment loading due to rapid mass movements such as floods, debris flows, tsunami or typhoons, have been studied largely using tags placed into pebbles.</p><p> </p><p>Author’s published work on the topic:</p><ul><li>Le Breton, M., Baillet, L., Larose, E., Rey, E., Benech, P., Jongmans, D., Guyoton, F., 2017. Outdoor UHF RFID: Phase Stabilization for Real-World Applications. IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification 1, 279–290.</li> <li>Le Breton, M., Baillet, L., Larose, E., Rey, E., Benech, P., Jongmans, D., Guyoton, F., Jaboyedoff, M., 2019. Passive radio-frequency identification ranging, a dense and weather-robust technique for landslide displacement monitoring. Engineering Geology 250, 1–10.</li> <li>Le Breton, M., 2019. Suivi temporel d’un glissement de terrain à l’aide d’étiquettes RFID passives, couplé à l’observation de pluviométrie et de bruit sismique ambiant (PhD Thesis). Université Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, Grenoble, France.</li> </ul>

Nowadays, the internet of things (IOT) has attracted the attention of the researchers. As a key technology of the Internet of Things, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has also attracted the interest of industry and academia. One of the most important issues for the applications of the IOT based on RFID is security. In order to promote the development of IOT based on RFID, first of all, we briefly introduce the IOT system components and work process based on RFID, and then we deeply analyze the security threats in the IOT based on RFID, by the means of these analysis we discuss the current countermeasures for the security threats of RFID. Aiming at the RFID system, the corresponding technologies are raised such as Tag killing, Tag sleeping and blocker Tag; and the authentication based on HASH is the main method aiming at the communication process.

In-car human activity recognition opens a new opportunity toward intelligent driving behavior detection and touchless human-car interaction. Among the many sensing technologies (e.g., using cameras and wearable sensors), radio frequency identification (RFID) exhibits unique advantages given its low cost, easy deployment, and less privacy concerns. Existing RFID-based solutions for activity recognition are mostly confined to working in stable indoor spaces. The inside space of a car however is much more compact and complex, not to mention the fast-changing driving conditions. All these introduce non-negligible noises that pollute the activity-related information, and the existence of various car models in the market further complicates the problem. In this article, we for the first time closely examine the distinct factors that affect the RFID-based in-car activity recognition. We present RF-CAR, a novel RFID-based tag-free solution that well adapts to different in-car environments. RF-CAR smartly filters the domain-specific features in RF signals and retains activity-related features to the maximum extent. It then integrates a deep learning architecture and an advanced multi-adversarial domain adaptation network for training and prediction. With only one-time pre-training, RF-CAR can adapt to new data domains such as new driving conditions, car models, and human subjects for robust activity recognition. We also demonstrate that it is readily deployable in cars with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID devices. Our extensive experiments suggest that RF-CAR achieves an overall recognition accuracy of around 95 percent, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a globally accepted technology, which has a great success in the area of supply chain management and particularly inventory management. Businesses benefit from this cost efficient opportunity to scan and track inventories. The tracking of items with RFID devices is applied in a variety of areas, such as retailing, healthcare and traffic management. Traffic congestions in metropolitan areas have developed to a major problem in many countries all over the world. They have a negative impact on the economy, the environment and the overall quality of life. The purpose of this article is to discover the use of RFID technology to manage traffic congestions and to reduce the negative impact on the economy. RFID devices would give the opportunity to control the traffic in real-time and to gather valuable information about the development and the sources of congestions. Bottlenecks could be detected early and infrastructure could be aligned accordingly. Further research is suggested to achieve a well-discovered solution, developed globally by experts.

The increasing need for automated surveillance systems in indoor environments such as airports, warehouses, production plants, etc. has stimulated the development of intelligent systems based on mobile sensors. Differently from traditional non-mobile surveillance systems, those based on mobile robots are still in their initial stage of development, and many issues are currently open for investigation (Everett, 2003; DehuaI et al., 2007). The use of robots significantly expands the potential of surveillance systems, which can evolve from the traditional passive role in which the system can only detect events and trigger alarms, to active surveillance in which a robot can be used to interact with the environment, with humans or with other robots for more complex cooperative actions (Burgard et al., 2000; Vig & Adams, 2007). A major challenge in surveillance tasks using mobile robots is that of providing the robot with a suitable knowledge of the environment to both navigate safely and perform inspection tasks. Furthermore, in order to effectively exploit mobility and multifunctionality, it is important to develop integrated control systems, capable of addressing simultaneously a number of problems, such as task planning, dynamic task sequencing, resolution of conflicts for shared resources, event-based feedback control. These issues are part of our current research concerning the development of a multi-sensor Surveillance Mobile Robot (SMR). The SMR consists of a commercial mobile robot (see Fig. 1), which is equipped with various sensors including a laser rangefinder and a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) device, and takes advantage of a hybrid control architecture to implement both high-level functions, like mission execution monitoring, and low-level reactive control. So far, several behaviours and tasks have been implemented and experimented. In this chapter, we focus on environment mapping and exploration using RFID technology. An RFID device typically consists of radio frequency (RF) tags, a reader with one or more antennas, and software to process the tag readings. The reader interrogates the tags, receiving their ID code and other information stored in their memory. Tags can be either passive or active. Passive tags are activated by the electromagnetic field generated by the RFID antenna. Active tags, instead, are powered by an on-board battery (Finkenzeller, 2003). Applications of RFID include inventory management, industry automation, ID badges and 2

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology brings tremendous advancements in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), especially for smart inventory management, as it provides a fast and low-cost way of counting or positioning items in the warehouse. In the last decade, many novel solutions, including absolute and relative positioning methods, have been proposed for this application. However, the available methods are quite sensitive to the minor changes in the deployment scenario, including the orientation of the tag and antenna, the materials contained inside the carton, tag distortion, and multipath propagation. To this end, we propose a hybrid relative passive RFID localization method (ReLoc) based on both the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and measured phases, which orders the RFID tags horizontally and vertically. In this article, the phase-based variant maximum likelihood estimation is proposed for lateral positioning, and the RSSI profiles of two tilted antennas are compared with each other for level distinguishing. We implement the proposed positioning system ReLoc with commercial off-the-shelf RFID devices. The experiment in a warehouse shows that ReLoc is a powerful solution for practical item-level inventory management. The experimental results show that ReLoc achieves an average lateral and level ordering accuracy of 94.6% and 94.3%, respectively. Notably, when considering liquid or metal materials inside the carton or tag distortion, ReLoc still performs excellently with more than 93% ordering accuracy both horizontally and vertically, indicating the robustness of the proposed method.

BackgroundRadio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices are becoming more and more essential for patient safety in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine patient safety, data reliability and signal loss wearing on skin RFID devices during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning.MethodsSixty RFID tags of the type I-Code SLI, 13.56 MHz, ISO 18000-3.1 were tested: Thirty type 1, an RFID tag with a 76 × 45 mm aluminum-etched antenna and 30 type 2, a tag with a 31 × 14 mm copper-etched antenna. The signal loss, material movement and heat tests were performed in a 1.5 T and a 3 T MR system. For data integrity, the tags were tested additionally during CT scanning. Standardized function tests were performed with all transponders before and after all imaging studies.ResultsThere was no memory loss or data alteration in the RFID tags after MRI and CT scanning. Concerning heating (a maximum of 3.6°C) and device movement (below 1 N/kg) no relevant influence was found. Concerning signal loss (artifacts 2 - 4 mm), interpretability of MR images was impaired when superficial structures such as skin, subcutaneous tissues or tendons were assessed.ConclusionsPatients wearing RFID wristbands are safe in 1.5 T and 3 T MR scanners using normal operation mode for RF-field. The findings are specific to the RFID tags that underwent testing.

Even invented and applied initially during the World War II, RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technologies [1] have attracted much attention recently. Precisely speaking, RFID technologies have been applied very widely in some proprietary or closed systems, for example, animal control [2], portal control (access badges), etc. in last decades. The main advantages of RFID application are, storing item data in an electronic way even for further update, data access by electromagnetic wave in a wireless manner, and allowing quick multiple accesses to RFID tags. Based on the diverse applications, different spectrum bands are allocated, for example, LF (125 134.2 kHz and 140 148.5 kHz) for animal control, HF (13.56MHz) for electronic ticket, and UHF (868 MHz-928 MHz) for logistics, etc. Most of the frequencies are located in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bands [1]. However, RFID was emphasized again mainly because of the need of supply chain [3]. By proposing a standard for the format of electronic data used for goods items, of which EPC (Electronic Product Code) [4] is an example, the products can be registered at once when they are shipped out from the factories in one country, and be released when they are checked out at the counter of a supermarket in the other country in the world. These products might have been transferred through Customs of many countries and carried by different traffic means. When being through these check points, the related data stored in the tags are updated. This is called “product tracking” and is to be carried out in an “Internet of Thing (IOT)” [5]. This Chapter is to have a review on the technology theme – how to provide low-cost RFID Tags, when RFID technology is to be applied into the logistics area where the RFID tags are supposed to be not re-usable and to be as “zero-cost” as possible. Generally speaking, there are three major parts composing a RFID Tag’s total cost, namely, antenna, chip and assembly for them. The cost of antenna, in addition to the design phase, is mainly dependent on the manufacturing process. Therefore, manufacturing process should be focused if antenna’s cost, then the tag, is concerned. This is the theme of this Chapter. Not like the other antenna applications, for example, wireless LAN or mobile phone, in which antennas need to be compliant to the end products’ appearance by following the market trend. In the tag antenna industry, on the contrary, it does not need to design or modify the tag antenna often. The tag antenna just needs to electrically match the chip used in the beginning of design. It is not necessary for tag providers to prepare a wide product spectrum in the market. Again, not like the mobile phone industry, RFID tag’s players just

Evaluation of design alternatives of End-Of-Life products using internet of things