Model Application Development ROI Hospitality Industry Based on Website

This recent research addressed the question of whether companies were achieving benefits from investment in information technology (IT) and why this situation occurred at the micro, or project, level. The research took the perspective of mainly the business person rather than that of academics, technocrats or consultants. The research was both qualitative and quantitative in nature and employed both descriptive and causal analysis. It was conducted during 1993 and 1994 and focused on forty of Australia's top performing companies in terms of sales revenue (as cited in Business Review Weekly, 1992). The research covered all main industry sectors. Implications on an international level were then derived. The findings of this research are important for business. They show that companies are not performing well in achieving expected project benefits, and that organisations generally are not innovative in their use of IT. The key factors that influenced this result were related to management emphases on internal project factors and technical issues. Business needs to shift its focus more to managing external environmental influences on IT projects and people issues. It was apparent that IT project investments need to be managed as integrated processes which take into consideration the pervading cultural influences in the organisation as well as the dynamic business environment in which they occur.

ObjectivesTo review the different techniques used in the quantification of the return on investment (ROI) of information technologies (IT) in the healthcare sector.MethodsPapers for this work were obtained directly from their authors or downloaded via the University of Geneva and the JNSERM bibliographic portals. Choice was based on Medline results and specific readings in selected journals of both the medical and economic fields. Focus is made on macroeconomic and microeconomic studies using techniques that could provide disruptive results for IT ROI impact evaluation in hospitals.ResultsAccounting and financial methods do not reveal the global IT investment influence in hospital although giving interesting data on specific IT projects. Econometric techniques tend to confirm a positive impact of health care IT (HIT) on hospital productivity and production. The impact seems to be majored in hospitals whose IT investments and integration levels are the highest.ConclusionThe identification of specific IT benefits remains knowing their interminglement with people and processes. Macroeconomic analyze could provide a new set of tools to compute IT ROJ in health care. All types of investments (inputs) and all the returns (outputs) can be taken into account by tools enabling the precise measurement of IT investments impact, breakeven points, and possible threshold levels. These results could lead to higher levels of IT governance in hospitals.KeywordsEconometricsReturn on investment (ROI)Production functionIT productivity

Many changes in the organization of work in the United States since 1975 have been attributed to the increased capabilities and use of information technology (IT) in business. However, few studies have attempted to empirically examine these relationships. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the hypothesis that investments in information technology are at least partially responsible for the important organizational change, the shift of economic activity to smaller firms. We examine this hypothesis using industry-level data on IT capital and four measures of firm size, including employees and sales per firm. We find broad evidence that investment in IT is significantly associated with subsequent decreases in the average size of firms. We also find that these decreases in firm size are most pronounced two to three years after the IT investment is made.

The promise of increased competitive advantage has been the driving force behind the large-scale investment in information technology (IT) over the last three decades. There is a continuing debate among executives and academics as to the measurable benefits of this investment. The return on investment (ROI) and other performance measures reported in the academic literature indicate conflicting empirical findings. Many previous studies have based their conclusions on the statistical correlation between IT capital investment and firm performance data of the same time period. In this study we argue that the causal relationship between IT investment and firm performance could not be reliably established through concurrent IT and performance data. We further submit that it would be more convincing to infer causality if the IT investments in the preceding years are significantly correlated with the performance of a firm in the subsequent year. Using the Granger causality models and three samples of firm-level financial data, we found no statistical evidence that IT investments have caused the improvement of financial performance of the firms in the samples. On the contrary, the causal models suggest that improved financial performance over consecutive years may have contributed to the increase of IT investment in the subsequent year. Implications of these findings as well as directions for future studies are discussed.

PurposeThis paper aims to understand the Return on Investment (ROI) of academic libraries. It shows different aspects of returns on investment from academic libraries (ROI concept, components, calculating ROI). The study helps the academic libraries to know the efficiency, performance and achievement in terms of students, research scholars, teachers and staff should be enhanced to increase returns on library investment.Design/methodology/approachThis research paper discusses various formulas for calculating ROI from the academic library, like the general ROI formula, the concept of origin ROI's formula and models. However, the study set forth some of the limitations. The study is limited to the ROI analysis of academic Libraries. It is believed that study may be helpful to the libraries to understand the concept of return on investment to offer better library services.FindingsThe study helps understands the concept of return on investment from academic libraries and services. In times of economic crisis and budgetary constraints, Library Advocacy needs to determine the economic value of resources in institutions to assist in decision-making. This paper presents more extensive study aimed at recognizing the importance of academic libraries. The economic and social pressure to affirm the position of libraries in academic libraries depends on demonstrating their importance, especially in terms of return on investment. Though it is important to get insight into returns, it has several challenges which are outlined and discussed.Originality/valueThis research can also be useful in decision-making, library collection development and system analysis of the institutional library. ROI presents an essential parameter for increasing the ranking system of the institution. ROI is considered the most important metrics for evaluating the value of libraries is the return on investment.

PurposeIn the context of the digital economy, information technology (IT) investment has become a necessary way for enterprises to transform digitally. However, why and how IT investment can enhance digital transformation is lacking in the literature. Based on the resource-based view (RBV), this study explored the impact mechanism of IT infrastructure on the digital transformation of enterprises from the perspective of the digital transformation strategy. Further, this study examined the moderating role of top management on the relationships between IT infrastructure and digital transformation strategy and between digital transformation strategy and enterprise's digital transformation.Design/methodology/approachThrough a questionnaire survey of Chinese enterprises, 180 sample data were collected, and the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to test the hypothesis.FindingsDigital transformation strategy fully mediates the relationship between IT infrastructure and enterprise digital transformation. Furthermore, top management has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between IT infrastructure and digital transformation strategy, as well as the relationship between digital transformation strategy and digital transformation.Originality/valueThis study explores the moderating role of top management in the relationship between IT and enterprise performance, as well as the mediating role of digital transformation strategy in the relationship between IT infrastructure investment and digital transformation performance. As a result, the study adds significantly to the body of knowledge on IT business value, digital transformation and strategic management. The authors' findings can help update managers' perceptions of IT value and provide theoretical guidance on deriving digital transformation performance from IT infrastructure investments.

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are essential to South Africa's development and economic progress. Information technology (IT) expenditures have become crucial for SMEs to stay competitive in the quickly changing digital market. The purpose of this study is to examine the variables affecting IT investments in South African SMEs. The paper provides a thorough examination of the literature, the technique used, the findings, and a discussion of the implications through a conceptual study. The study's findings were derived from an analysis of 15 of the best and most relevant journal articles out of a total of 200 that were obtained and evaluated through Google Scholar that are related to factors impacting IT investments in South African SMEs. The objective was to aggregate the views of many scholars on the issues affecting IT investments in South African SMEs from their writings. The study's findings indicates that financial constraints, perceived return on investment (ROI), industry-specific factors, technological complexity and skills, perceived risk, outside influences, organisational culture, and leadership are among the factors that affect IT investments in South African SMEs. With regards to the study's findings, it is recommended that SMEs should work to understand and address the factors influencing information technology investments in South Africa so they can make informed IT investment decisions, and policymakers should foster an environment that encourages the uptake of technology and the expansion of this industry.

This study documents variation across industries in creditors’ perceptions of the risk of information technology (IT) investments. The associations we document between IT investments and both initial bond ratings and yield spreads suggest that credit-rating agencies and bond investors consider IT investments in automate and informate industries less risky than those in transform industries. We document that IT investments are associated with more volatile future cash flows in transform industries than in automate or informate industries. The findings indicate that bond investors prefer IT investments in automate industries, where the cash flow payoffs to IT investment are smaller but more stable than in transform industries. Overall, these findings provide the important insight that bondholders’ perceptions of IT investments vary across industries based on bondholders’ aversion to the riskiness and the lack of collateralizability of IT investments. Senior managers should recognize that IT investments have implications for both operational performance and financing costs (e.g., costs of debt) of the firm, and they should consider the potential financial benefits of increased IT capabilities, such as the willingness of corporate bond investors to accept lower financing costs.

In this return on investment (ROI) for customer relationship management (CRM) case scenario, students must calculate the ROI for analytic CRM enabled by an enterprise data warehouse. The case is based upon a real-life consulting engagement with a major Fortune 100 telecommunications company. In this case the executive management team's strategic objective is to grow the customer base by 5 percent annually by customer acquisition. The internal rate of return calculated from the data given in the case is more than 800 percent for one year, and sensitivity analysis shows this is a robust projection, suggesting it should be funded without question. However, the strategy of the firm is customer acquisition in an environment of high customer churn. As a result of these dynamics, the revenues and net income of the firm are actually decreasing by hundreds of millions of dollars each year. A better solution would realize that the executive team has the incorrect strategic objective. Customer acquisition is the wrong approach in an environment of high customer churn and executives should focus on customer retention and cross-sell and up-sell to high-value customers. The case discussion therefore takes students beyond CRM ROI to focuses on the key strategic concepts of customer relationship management. Students learn how to calculate return on investment (ROI) for analytic customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives. The case also discusses in detail the difference between operational CRM and analytic CRM. The case solution is relatively straightforward with a very good ROI. However, the true learning of the case is for students to understand the strategic context of analytic CRM and to question assumptions in any ROI model.

The aim of this research is to propose a model that relates information technology (IT) investments, supply chain governance (SCG) and performance together. For this purpose, a pilot study involving both a qualitative and a quantitative stage was conducted. The qualitative analysis, consisting of an extensive literature review and two case studies conducted in six major, globally-relevant Brazilian companies, led to the development of an initial model. This model was refined during the quantitative stage that involved 38 executives from large national companies. IT was found to be one of the main drivers of SCG influencing companies' supply chain performance. The final model consists of 5 constructs and 26 elements. Regarding the SCG constructs: (a) a new element 'formal contracts', emerged in the 'contractual SCG' construct; (b) the element 'cooperation' was not confirmed in the 'relational SCG' construct; (c) the element 'transparency' was considered an important element in the 'transactional SCG' construct. Five new elements emerged in the 'IT investment' construct. Market aspects were highlighted as being relevant in the 'supply chain performance' construct. Thus, the model includes elements that can be analyzed in order to shed light on how IT investments influence SCG and supply chain performance.

Business–information technology (IT) initiatives in pedagogy are no longer a novelty. Still, some of the best known music examination boards seem reluctant to change, and continue to adopt a system largely bereft of it to run their business. Aligning business and IT in music examination boards is proving to be a theoretical challenge, and an unresolved issue at the corporate level. Involuntarily participation in the increasingly prevalent reliance on new technologies to augment business opportunity, as part of a wider process of globalization, is no longer a viable option. Although some boards are seeing this alignment as an enabler of business goals, others see it as an inhibitor. Who is right? Which strategy reaches the business goal of maximum enrollments? This paper opens a discussion on possible best-aligned business–IT decisions to enable best business activity and uses a case study to examine the underutilization of business–IT alignment adopted by one of the most successful music examination board in the world. This paper questions whether the use of IT in music examination defines being a market leader or not. By using a survey, in-depth interviews and a pilot study, this paper presents an IT alignment fit between the board and its IT platforms. Finally, the paper leverages the value of an initiative composed of thoughtful business strategy and IT to open up new business opportunities, and raises unanswered questions for the reader.

The purpose of the establishment of the company is to maximize wealth for shareholders. The increase in shareholder and company wealth is represented by firm value. The higher the firm value, the higher the wealth of shareholders. The increase in shareholder wealth through increasing firm value is influenced by several factors, including how efficiently the company is managing its resources. The use of information technology (IT) is believed to increase firm efficiency. The rapid increase in the total confirmed cases and the COVID-19 pandemic affected not only health conditions but also gradually led to a global crisis that affected almost every country around the world. Amid increasing uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic, firm efficiency is needed by companies to survive. This study aims to determine the effect of firm efficiency on firm value. This research was conducted on companies listed on the IDX for the period 2017-2021. This study uses moderating variables in the form of Information Technology (IT) investment and the Covid-19 pandemic. It also uses control variables consisting of company size, financial leverage, and cash holding. The results of this study showed that IT investment has a significant negative effect on firm efficiency. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant negative effect on firm efficiency. Firm efficiency has a positive effect on firm value. This study also finds that IT investment weakens the relationship between firm efficiency and firm value, and the Covid-19 pandemic strengthens the relationship between firm efficiency and firm value.

The proliferation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) coupled with sophisticated network protocols have unveiled new avenues for enterprises and organizations and the hospitality industries cannot be left out. Technology-based systems stand in a pivotal position to offer better service to the populace. Hospitality industries such as hotels can take advantage of the pervasiveness of ICT vis-à-vis technology-based systems to advance some of their operations. This paper seeks to assess the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in a front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana. The paper determines the extent of the use of information technology in a front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana. The paper continues to assess the effect of the use of information technology in the front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana, thus if the use of ICT has any effect on chain hotels’ front office operations. The paper further makes recommendations to chain hotel operators and the Ghana Tourist Authority (GTA) and policy makers on the use of information and communications technology in front office operation in chain hotels. Three chain hotels in Ghana were assessed.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of information technology (IT) use in the supply chain. Given that the use of IT in the supply chain has been a popular topic of research it is timely to analyse the literature to identify patterns and key factors for success.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory approach is used to build a conceptual model using peer‐reviewed journal articles. The selection criteria are derived from the literature review and these are used to extract suitable articles from the online databases. The term “supply chain” is used with all the selection key words to make the search more specific and relevant to the expected search outcome.FindingsThe drivers of IT use in the supply chain are related to three levels of complexity and organisational change. The first level (low) involves a less complex use of IT that is driven through a desire to reduce costs. The drivers are cost reduction, reduced lead and cycle times, increased operational capability and information quality improvement. The second level (medium) involves a medium level of complexity that is characterised by networking and collaboration. The drivers are better relationships and information accessibility. Level two requires the drivers for level one. The most complex level is aimed at organisational transformation. The drivers are market sharing expansion, risk sharing and reduction, high quality service and better decision making. Level three also requires the drivers for levels one and two.Research limitations/implicationsThe study identified that many organisations use IT in the supply chain (SC) without understanding the drivers of IT use and this impacted on their success. In addition, it found that drivers can be classified into a hierarchy of benefits.Practical implicationsA lack of understanding of the drivers of IT use in the SC can be overcome by using the list of specific drivers and how these relate to organisational change. The manager's increased understanding of these factors should improve the success rate of IT investment in the SC by being more aware of how requirements relate to benefits and improvement.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind to analyse a large number of research articles to determine the drivers of IT use in the supply chain.

Measuring the Return on Investment (ROI) in training and development has consistently earned a place among the critical issues in the human resource development (HRD) field. Leadership educators may soon find that program sponsors and administrators asking for ROI information as well. This paper reports the ROI of the Southern Extension Leadership Development (SELD) program as implemented at The University of Georgia. To calculate the return on investment, the ROI model proposed by Phillips (2002) was used. New extension agents hired between 1995 and 2001 who completed the probationary period with the Cooperative Extension Service formed the population for this analysis. Analysis of the data indicated that the employee turnover rate for the participant group was significantly lower than for the non-participant group. Based on the ROI model calculations, every one-dollar spent in the SELD program returned $3.86 in benefits and $2.86 (286%) in net benefits were returned on Investment.