Monitoring and Controlling Home Appliances by Different Network Technologies

The digital transformation has already resulted in extensive change in our daily life, such as the evolution of smart cities, smart offices as well as smart homes. Smart homes suddenly become a more affordable option whereby home networking and other gadgets began to appear in a reasonable price and easy to find. In other words, smart homes have an increasing demand for IoT devices in home networking connections. More connections of devices may lead to network congestion. Smart home users often face service interruptions or connectivity issues. The project sets up a smart home network with multiple access points using Raspberry Pi. The devices are categorized according to the bandwidth usage to balance the network load and the network performance is measured. PRTG monitoring tools are used to capture the ping time for each connected device. Although overall results are considered poor due to the intermittent network access, there are a few time intervals that show significant improvement. In conclusion, the latency for each smart device in a smart home network has improved significantly when connecting to a multiple AP. More APs with smart channel assignment can be developed in the future and thorough experiments can be executed.

With the rapid development of economy, science, and technology, people have higher and higher requirements for the quality of home life, and smart home systems are required to have higher convenience and comfort. The continuous development of embedded technology, short‐range wireless communication technology, and microcontroller technology provides a new development direction for the research and development of smart home systems. Under the premise of fully studying the research status and development trend of smart home systems, this paper combines embedded technology, ZigBee wireless communication technology, voice recognition technology, GSM communication technology, etc., and proposes a ZigBee‐based smart voice home appliance control system. The system adopts ZigBee wireless communication to form a comprehensive management system for household electrical appliances, electronic and electrical equipment, etc., for household electrical control, intelligent security, and environmental monitoring. This paper designs the overall scheme of a smart home control system based on voice recognition technology. According to this scheme, the hardware and software of the system are designed, and the wireless communication method combining Wi‐Fi and RF (radio frequency) of the system is also determined. In order to make the system more humane, two sets of control schemes, voice control and button control, are designed according to the system’s functional requirements. In the voice control solution, the user first reads the control commands set in the voice library on the smart terminal, and then, the system automatically recognizes the commands read by the user. After the recognition is successful, the user can control the home appliances through the command. In the key control scheme, users can control home appliances through keys on the smart terminal. The upper computer transplants the audio library and the algorithm studied in this paper to realize the audio collection and storage, the confirmation of family members, and the recognition of voice commands; the lower computer is used for real‐time collection of environmental information and wireless control of home facilities. After the system is started, the family members are first confirmed by voice, and then, the voice command recognition result and real‐time environmental information jointly decide to form a control command. The upper computer sends the control command to the lower computer through the serial port to control the corresponding home equipment. The system is tested and analyzed under experimental conditions. The test results show that the system can control home facilities through voice commands combined with real‐time environmental information while confirming family members.

How are people using current smart home technologies, and how do they conceptualize future ones that are more interconnected and more capable than those available today? We deployed an online survey study to 150 participants to investigate use of and opinions about smart speakers, home robots, virtual assistants, and other smart home devices. We also gauged how impressions of connected smart home devices are shaped by the way the devices interact with one another. Through a mixed-methods qualitative and quantitative approach, we found that people mostly use single devices for single functions, and have simple and brief interactions with virtual assistants. However, they imagine their future devices to have more control over the physical environment (i.e., interact with each other) and envision them interacting with people in more socially complex ways. These findings motivate design considerations and research directions for connected smart home technologies.

Smart home automation technologies have been commercially available already, however the interoperability problems of different hardware and software components, the limited service scalability and the complexity of configuration and use prevent their mass adoption. In this paper we present a Connected Home Platform and Development Framework for easy design, development and deployment of smart home services offering a wealth of new exciting smart home experience on top of existing broadband service bundles. The Home Controller is used to integrate connectivity with home devices of various home control technologies. The Service Platform embeds the use of OSGi technology in the Home Controller that enables the OSGi-literate engineer to quickly develop and deploy home services utilising the widely adopted automation technologies. The different home network subsystems are interfaced in a common way through the Network Adaptation Layer, a set of OSGi components known as ROCob. Following the ROCob API Specification, a developer may build various applications, such as presentation layer applications (e.g. a web based UI), monitoring applications that collect data and send them to a backbone server, and other home control and pervasive applications.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology that connects the physical and digital worlds, revolutionizing how devices, objects, and systems interact. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, IoT paves the way for the development of smart cities, homes, industries, and healthcare systems. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Internet of Things and its role in shaping the smart world.The first section of this paper delves into the foundational concepts of IoT, outlining its history, principles, and key components. The discussion highlights the rapid growth of IoT devices, sensors, and communication protocols, which have enabled seamless data exchange and connectivity on a global scale. The potential benefits and challenges of IoT adoption are addressed, emphasizing the need for robust security and privacy measures to protect against potential threats. The second section explores the pivotal role of IoT in shaping smart cities. With urbanization on the rise, the need for efficient resource management, sustainable infrastructure, and enhanced citizen services becomes more pressing. IoT-driven solutions empower cities to optimize traffic flow, manage energy consumption, improve waste management, and enhance public safety through real-time data analytics and predictive modeling.In the context of smart homes, the third section investigates how IoT applications have revolutionized the way people interact with their living spaces. Smart home devices, such as smart thermostats, lighting systems, and voice-activated assistants, provide users with increased convenience and energy efficiency. However, concerns surrounding data privacy and potential vulnerabilities necessitate a discussion on the best practices for securing smart home ecosystems. The fourth section examines the impact of IoT on industries, from manufacturing to agriculture. IoT-enabled industrial processes streamline production, enhance supply chain management, and facilitate predictive maintenance, leading to increased productivity and reduced operational costs. Additionally, precision agriculture applications of IoT offer farmers real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, leading to improved crop yield and resource utilization.The fifth section addresses the transformation of healthcare systems through IoT integration. From remote patient monitoring to wearable health devices, IoT has opened new avenues for personalized and proactive healthcare. This section emphasizes the potential of IoT to revolutionize healthcare delivery by facilitating timely interventions, reducing hospital readmissions, and empowering patients to take an active role in their health management.The sixth section discusses the challenges and barriers hindering the widespread adoption of IoT and the smart world. Interoperability issues, standardization, and the complexity of integrating diverse systems pose significant challenges for stakeholders. Moreover, concerns regarding data ownership, privacy, and cyber-security remain key obstacles that need to be addressed to build public trust in IoT technologies. The final section explores future trends and possibilities for IoT and the smart world. With the proliferation of 5G networks, edge computing, and artificial intelligence, the potential for IoT applications is boundless. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaboration among governments, industries, and researchers to shape a sustainable and inclusive smart world powered by IoT technologies.In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Internet of Things and its role in shaping the smart world. From its foundational principles to its diverse applications across various sectors, IoT has the potential to transform societies and redefine how we interact with technology. However, addressing challenges related to security, privacy, and standardization is crucial to unlock the full potential of IoT and pave the way for a truly interconnected and intelligent future.

The main objective of this paper is to propose a simple, low cost, reliable and scalable architecture for building Smart Home Systems (SHSs) that can be used to remotely automate and control home appliances, using microcontroller. The proposed architecture aims to take advantage of emerging technologies to make it easier to develop Smart Home systems and to provide more management by expanding its capabilities suitably. The suggested design intends to make it easier and more convenient for many applications to access context data, as well as providing a new schematic guide for creating as complete and comprehensive Smart Home Systems and data processing as possible. Related topics like smart homes and their intelligent systems will be addressed by examining prior work and proposing the authors' opinions in order to suggest the new architecture. The proposed advanced architecture's building blocks include Classic Smart Homes, Internet of Things (IoT), Context-awareness (CA), Cloud Computing (CC), and Rule-based Event Processing Systems (RbEPS). Finally, the proposed architecture is validated and evaluated by constructing a smart home system.

The world is moving fastly towards automation. People have less time to handle any work so automation is simple way to handle any device or machine will work to our desire. This paper aim is to develop and design a Home automation using Arduino with Bluetooth module. Home automation system gives a simple and reliable technology with Android application. Home appliances like fan, Bulb, AC, automatic door lock are controlled by Home automation system using Arduino Uno with Bluetooth module. The paper mainly focuses on the monitor and control of smart home by Andorid phone and provide a security based smart home, when the people does not present at home. This paper motive is controlled home appliances in smart home with user friendly, design at low cost, simple installation.

With the widespread popularity of smart home devices and the emergence of smart home integration platforms such as Google, Amazon, and Xiaomi, the smart home industry is in a stage of vigorous development. While smart homes provide users with convenient and intelligent living, the problem of smart home devices leaking user privacy has become increasingly prominent. Smart home devices give users the ability to remotely control home devices, but they also reflect user home activities in traffic data, which brings the risk of privacy leaks. Potential attackers can use traffic classification technology to analyze traffic characteristics during traffic transmission (e.g., at the traffic exit of a smart home gateway) and infer users’ private information, such as their home activities, causing serious consequences of privacy leaks. To address the above problems, this paper focuses on research on privacy protection technology based on traffic obfuscation. By using traffic obfuscation technology to obscure the true traffic of smart home devices, it can prevent malicious traffic listeners from analyzing user privacy information based on traffic characteristics. We propose an enhanced smart home traffic obfuscation method called SHTObfuscator (Smart Home Traffic Obfuscator) based on the virtual user technology concept and a virtual user behavior construction method based on logical integrity. By injecting traffic fingerprints of different device activities into the real traffic environment of smart homes as obfuscating traffic, attackers cannot distinguish between the real device working status and user behavior privacy in the current home, effectively reducing the effect of traffic classification attack models. The protection level can be manually or automatically adjusted, achieving a balance between privacy protection and bandwidth overhead. The experimental results show that under the highest obfuscation level, the obfuscation method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the classification effect of the attack model from 95% to 25%.

With the growing practical implementation of smart home, the attacks on smart homes are proportionally increasing. Residents can only be benefited from smart home technology if they and their home-assets are secured against cyber-attacks. A number of PKI-based communication security models have been proposed for data authentication and confidentiality in smart homes. However, it is not convenient for a home device with the limited capacity to store, verify, and manage public keys (certificates) of all other devices. Identity-based cryptography (IBC) is one of the asymmetric cryptographic solutions that does not require certificates. However, due to the central storage of the secret at the key generation center (KGC), the security fully relies on the KGC in IBC environment. Thus, to resolve these issues while providing the security to smart homes, in this paper, we proposed a straightforward and light-weight security model based on IBC, wheel pairing, and elliptic curves. The proposed model performs distributed key generation where the main secret is generated by all participating home devices, instead of a central KGC. We designed a complete protocol, which illuminates the fundamental steps of new device enrollment, distributed key generation, device to device encryption, data integrity, and entity authentication. Moreover, the commitment procedure is introduced that ensures no party can change its partial-secret after he has committed to it. The elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based Diffie-Hellman (DH) model is deployed for session key generation for device to device data encryption, whereas IBC-based private key is used for signatures. Finally, the feasibility of the model is evaluated by implementing the system on various numbers of IoT machines, while considering them as home devices. Also, the security of the proposed model is verified technically and formally by a software verification tool called Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) against popular known attacks.

The project proposes an efficient implementation for IoT (Internet of Things) used for monitoring and controlling the home appliances via World Wide Web. Home automation system uses the portable devices as a user interface. They can communicate with home automation network through an Internet gateway, by means of low power communication protocols like Zigbee, Wi-Fi etc. This project aims at controlling home appliances via Smartphone using Wi-Fi as communication protocol and raspberry pi as server system. The user here will move directly with the system through a web-based interface over the web, whereas home appliances like lights, fan and door lock are remotely controlled through easy website. An extra feature that enhances the facet of protection from fireplace accidents is its capability of sleuthing the smoke in order that within the event of any fireplace, associates an alerting message and an image is sent to Smartphone. The server will be interfaced with relay hardware circuits that control the appliances running at home. The communication with server allows the user to select the appropriate device. The communication with server permits the user to pick out the acceptable device. The server communicates with the corresponding relays. If the web affiliation is down or the server isn't up, the embedded system board still will manage and operate the appliances domestically. By this we provide a climbable and price effective Home Automation system.

As smart building becomes increasingly popular, it enables many interesting applications, such as smart lock, elderly monitoring and remote healthcare.This paper will introduce one sub-system in the smart building: smart power system.This smart power system consists of an Android application, a cloud server and a smart socket.In addition, human-device interaction methods in this system are studied.

Background:Technological advances in the smart home have created new opportunities for supporting digital citizens’ well-being and facilitating their empowerment but have enabled new types of complex online harms to develop. Recent statistics have indicated that ‘smart’ technology ownership increases yearly, driven by lower costs and increased accessibility. Research on smart homes has also grown, focusing on technology perspectives at the expense of a user-centric approach sensitive to the smart home’s harms, risks, and vulnerabilities. Objective:This scoping review addresses the information gap by underscoring the scope of literature that exists regarding complex online harms, vulnerabilities, and risks associated with smart home technologies and citizens’ agency. The goal is to understand the state of knowledge, gaps in the literature, and areas for future study. The importance and originality of this paper lie in its interdisciplinary review and approach. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of complex online harms in the smart home. Design:Three online databases were utilised to identify papers published between 2017 and 2022, from which we selected 235 publications written in English that addressed harms, risks, vulnerabilities, and agency in the smart home context. This allowed us to map contemporary literature to reveal significant gaps in our understanding of the complex online harms affecting smart home users and identify opportunities for further research. Results:This review identified emerging themes of ‘risks’, ‘vulnerabilities’, and ‘harms’ in that order of frequency within the literature on smart homes. The usage of terms is skewed towards computing science and information security, which comprised the majority of the literature at 54.6%. Human–computer interaction papers contributed 24.4%, while social sciences accounted for 16.2%. Conclusion:Risks, harms and vulnerabilities within smart home ecosystems and IoTs are ongoing issues with complexities that necessitate research. Privacy, security, and well-being are key themes that embody the scope of complex harms affecting smart home devices in the broad literature. This review establishes disciplinary research gaps, especially in user-centred perspectives, due to a heavy technology focus in the existing literature. Therefore, further research is needed to address emergent risks, harms and vulnerabilities of smart home devices and understand how user agency and autonomy can complement the design, interface, and socio-technical aspects of smart home systems.

The technological development and economic growth of renewable energy are the key solution for almost full decarbonization of the energy systems. The sustainability and energy efficiency, artificial intelligence and connectivity will be the determining elements towards reaching this ambitious goal. Household appliances and tools for controlling energy consumption, temperature, lighting, etc. In the smart home will play a key role to increase awareness of families' energy consumption. IoT (Internet of Things) devices for the smart home allow us to monitor consumption and pay attention to efficiently energy use. However, savings are not the only important element of the smart home. Together with the digital control of the home these are elements that include a fundamental dimension: decarbonization, which is the cornerstone of the energy transition, which must involve an epochal change of mentality to our society where digitalization and people's well-being meet. The paper deals with social analysis of large cities population perception on integrating renewable energy sources and necessary devices to transform existing houses in smart homes towards economic wellbeing and decarbonization of the energy sector. Different classes of respondents were interviewed – owned and rented fome, rural and urban inhabitants, different segments of age, various number of inhabitants in urban areas and the capital, women and men, high-income and low-income, different levels of education – to support or disregard smart home technological development and reveal the different perception towards further usage of smart devices for daily benefits.

This chapter reviews the overall electrical network from the generation to transmission and distribution and finally to consumer. It discusses electrical network architecture and energy monitoring points, causes of energy losses and the scope for energy losses reduction. Further load shedding, utility demand energy management system using automation and the role of buildings in energy conservation have been discussed. An overview of energy management devices used in the substation, automation protocols, smart devices, and applicable standards. The importance and need for energy conservation in consumer’s house, using IoT devices. What is smart home, various components, home automation techniques their principle and architecture, current scenario and future scope of technology in smart home. This chapter also discusses the design trade-offs with an emphasis on energy conservation. It discusses data security model, data encryption, and their practical approaches in smart home. It classifies the various important components in smart home. Use of artificial intelligence and signal processing using IoT-based devices in smart home has also been brought out.

Smart home technology is gaining popularity among end-users, as it allows them to remotely control a variety of devices in their homes. Such systems have obvious benefits in terms of automation, but at the same time pose significant threats to home owners if the underlying communications are not secure. To this end, we introduce a novel security protocol that simplifies the pairwise authentication and key exchange among smart home devices. The protocol leverages identity-based cryptography (IBC), thus relaxing the requirement for storing and managing public key certificates. Furthermore, to mitigate the risks associated with centralized key generation in IBC, we opt to generate the private keys in a distributed manner, involving all smart devices. We implemented our protocol on Raspberry Pi 3 devices and demonstrate its efficiency in terms of both computational and communication cost.