More efficient logistic analysis using moving extreme ranked set sampling

In this paper, estimation of parameters α and β for the log-extended exponential-geometric distribution will be respectively considered in cases when β is known and when both are unknown. Simple random sampling (SRS) and moving extremes ranked set sampling (MERSS) will be used, and several traditional estimators will be considered. The estimators using MERSS are compared to the corresponding ones using SRS. The numerical results show that the estimators using MERSS are significantly more efficient than the ones using SRS. A real data set is used for illustration.

Bayesian inference of the variance of the normal distribution is considered using moving extremes ranked set sampling (MERSS) and is compared with the simple random sampling (SRS) method. Generalized maximum likelihood estimators (GMLE), confidence intervals (CI), and different testing hypotheses are considered using simple hypothesis versus simple hypothesis, simple hypothesis versus composite alternative, and composite hypothesis versus composite alternative based on MERSS and compared with SRS. It is shown that modified inferences using MERSS are more efficient than their counterparts based on SRS.

Parametric estimation for the scale parameter for scale distributions using moving extremes ranked set sampling

On estimating the odds using Moving Extreme Ranked Set Sampling

The Rayleigh distribution is an important continuous probability distribution that has many real applications. In this paper, an intensive study of some properties of this distribution has been conducted to efficiently estimate its scale parameter using Ranked set sampling (RSS) and moving extreme ranked set sampling (MERSS) techniques. The suggested estimators are compared to their counterparts using simple random sampling (SRS) technique. It turned that the suggested estimators of the scale parameter using RSS and MERSS are more efficient than the corresponding estimators using SRS.

Moving extreme ranked set sampling (MERSS) is one of useful modifications of ranked set sampling (RSS). The method has been investigated by many authors and proved to be a good competitor to simple random sampling (SRS). In this paper, Bayes estimation of the mean of normal distribution based on MERSS is considered and compared with SRS counterpart. The suggested estimators are found to be more efficient than that from SRS.

Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design provides an overview of the five main traditions of qualitative research. The author explains the uniqueness of each approach and its applicability to different types of inquiry. Illustrative examples from public health and social science fields are provided. The book details study design, question development, data collection and analysis, and summarizing and interpreting results, and how the research process differs according to each approach. This resource can serve as a useful guide for public health practitioners and graduate-level students interested in the theory and practice of rigorous qualitative research.

To provide prevalence estimates of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) based on large, representative, nonclinical samples of high-school students, and to explore gender differences in health risks associated with NSSI. We used 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System data to estimate the prevalence of self-injury and variables potentially associated with self-injury for high-school-age boys (n = 32 150) and girls (n = 32 521) in 11 US states. We used logistic regression analysis to consider associations between NSSI and other health risks. Rates of boys reporting purposefully hurting themselves without wanting to die over the past 12 months ranged from 6.4% (Delaware) to 14.8% (Nevada). Rates for girls varied from 17.7% (Delaware) to 30.8% (Idaho). Rates declined with age and varied by race and ethnicity. Depression; suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts; sexual minority status; being electronically bullied; smoking; and substance use were associated with NSSI. There were minor differences in associations between NSSI and health risk variables by gender. Nonclinical populations of adolescents are at high risk for self-injury. Nonsuicidal self-injury was higher among girls than among boys, but patterns of association with other health risks were similar.

Statement of PurposeAsian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) are the fastest growing racial/ethnic minority group in the U.S. However, less focus has been paid to the rates of suicidal behaviors...

This study examines Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System data to determine the rate of nonsuicidal self-injury in heterosexual and sexual minority youth from 2005 to 2017.

Pharmaceutical science has provided humans with better and cheaper treatments. However, with improved access to medicines, the amount of pharmaceutical waste also grows. Pharmaceutical waste is regularly mismanaged by households, which is considerably and unnecessarily adding to the “pharmaceuticals in the environment” problem. Redesigning existing pharmaceutical takeback schemes and their regulation is a potential step towards a reduction of the problem. Interdisciplinary research between the fields of psychology, law, public health and medical science is necessary to tackle the issue and to design effective regulation steering responsible patient behaviours.

Women in Viet Nam have long had to face various sexual and reproductive health problems, ranging from abortion to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexual coercion. These issues have increasingly been addressed by scholars in the fields of public health and social sciences through sexual and reproductive health research and in other ways. Despite this, there remains a lack of in‐depth information on attitudes and practices regarding sex and sexuality of Vietnamese women today. This paper in part responds to the knowledge gap by reporting on findings from qualitative research on sexual attitudes and practices among rural married women in a Northern rural community, measured against the broader social and cultural context. Twenty‐five women in total were interviewed; and two focus group discussions were conducted. The findings show that women generally believe that men are (or should be) the initiators in sexual relations. Many women feel reluctant to refuse sex to their husbands or communicate openly about sex and sexuality. However, this paper also demonstrates that women are not totally passive in sexual relations. Women in this study used a range of strategies to negotiate their sexual life, and sometimes ‘silence’ is used as a form of agency in order to maintain harmony and happiness within the family.

Femicide constitutes a serious human rights violation whose consequences extend beyond the direct victim, profoundly affecting surviving family members. This chapter aims to analyze the psychosocial impacts of femicide on the mental health of these relatives, focusing on traumatic grief, social stigmatization, and the role of support networks. The methodology is based on a narrative review of national and international scientific literature, analyzing studies published in recognized databases within the fields of psychology, public health, and social sciences. The results indicate that surviving family members experience a complex grieving process characterized by symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and persistent feelings of guilt and anger. Social stigmatization is also evident, often linked to indirect blame directed at the family, which intensifies social isolation and hinders access to psychosocial support. The support network, including mental health services, social assistance, the justice system, and community-based resources, plays a crucial role in facilitating grief processing and rebuilding daily life. It is concluded that addressing the psychosocial impacts of femicide requires interdisciplinary approaches, integrated public policies, and continuous care strategies aimed at surviving family members to promote mental health and reduce psychosocial vulnerabilities.

Objectives: To examine evidence from studies exploring the relationship between childhood obesity and educational attainment. Design: A systematic review of secondary analyses and observational studies published in English after 1997 examining attainment as measured by grade point average or other validated measure, in children aged 6 to16 years, in high-income countries. Methods: Eleven databases from the fields of public health, education and social science were searched, along with 19 specialist registers and catalogues. Hand searching of relevant journals, contacting of experts and citation searching were undertaken. Two reviewers used standardized tools to independently carry out data extraction and assess the quality of included studies. Evidence was synthesized in a narrative summary. Results: Twenty-nine studies were identified for inclusion. Overall, the evidence suggested that higher weight is weakly associated with lower educational attainment among children and young people. Differences between average attainment of overweight and non-overweight children were marginal, with potentially negligible real-world implications for test scores. Limited evidence suggested that little variation in achievement was explained by weight status alone. Almost half the studies found that other factors, such as socioeconomic status, may better explain much of the negative association between obesity and attainment. Conclusion: Theoretical and methodological inconsistencies were evident both within and between many of the studies. As such, the results of the included studies must be interpreted with caution. If the negative association between obesity and attainment is accepted, it still remains doubtful whether obesity is exerting a socially important effect upon educational attainment.

SummaryUniversities play a vital role in social progress. Knowledge management (KM) is a kind of process which transforms data into knowledge and knowledge into capital. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of KM in the field of education of medical sciences in order to help educators and students benefit from the knowledge present in the field of health sciences in a more meaningful and informed way.To achieve the aim of this narrative review, the related Persian and English literature sources were carefully examined; first, the Internet and other data bases were searched for articles containing one or more of the following key words: knowledge, knowledge management, medical science and higher education. Then, the related articles were quickly scanned and useful information was extracted. The selected parts of the text were carefully studied and summarized by two researchers. After gaining a thorough comprehension of the subject, its different dimensions and aspects were described and compared.As a process, the goal of KM in the field of medical sciences is to motivate the creation, sharing, storing and utilization of knowledge. Knowledge creation occurs by continually transforming tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge and vice versa. KM can be implemented in different areas of medical science including clinical practice. Knowledge managements system (KMS) plans are used to provide high quality, high value cost-effective care in medical science. Critical factors that influence the success of the implementation of KM in the field of medical education include culture, leadership and appropriate substructure. KM can be implemented for the development of medical education. KM is a tool which makes education and its practice intellectual, high quality and affordable. Implementation of KM is recommended in the field of medical education for effective health care delivery.