Morphologically-analyzed and syntactically-annotated Quran dataset.

Latest Trends in Twitter from Arab Countries and the World

Graph theory and the fields of natural language processing and information retrieval are well-studied disciplines. Traditionally, these areas have been perceived as distinct, with different algorithms, different applications and different potential end-users. However, recent research has shown that these disciplines are intimately connected, with a large variety of natural language processing and information retrieval applications finding efficient solutions within graph-theoretical frameworks. This book extensively covers the use of graph-based algorithms for natural language processing and information retrieval. It brings together topics as diverse as lexical semantics, text summarization, text mining, ontology construction, text classification and information retrieval, which are connected by the common underlying theme of the use of graph-theoretical methods for text and information processing tasks. Readers will come away with a firm understanding of the major methods and applications in natural language processing and information retrieval that rely on graph-based representations and algorithms.

Dependency parsing, which is a fundamental task in Natural Language Processing (NLP), has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. In general, it is a module in an NLP pipeline together with word segmentation and Part-Of-Speech (POS) tagging in real Chinese NLP application. The NLP pipeline, which is a cascade system, will lead to error propagation for the parsing. This paper proposes a global discriminative re-ranking model using non-local features from word segmentation, POS tagging and dependency parsing to re-rank the parse trees produced by an N-best enhanced NLP pipeline. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model can improve the performance of dependency parsing as well as word segmentation and POS tagging in an NLP pipeline.

Abstract. Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating remarkable capabilities in understanding, generating, and manipulating human language. This comprehensive review explores the development, applications, optimizations, and challenges of LLMs. This paper begin by tracing the evolution of these models and their foundational architectures, such as the Transformer, GPT, and BERT. We then delve into the applications of LLMs in natural language understanding tasks, including sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, question answering, and text summarization, highlighting real-world use cases. Next, we examine the role of LLMs in natural language generation, covering areas such as content creation, language translation, personalized recommendations, and automated responses. We further discuss LLM applications in other NLP tasks like text style transfer, text correction, and language model pre-training. Subsequently, we explore techniques for optimizing and improving LLMs, including model compression, explainability, robustness, and security. Finally, we address the challenges posed by the significant computational requirements, sample inefficiency, and ethical considerations surrounding LLMs. We conclude by discussing potential future research directions, such as efficient architectures, few-shot learning, bias mitigation, and privacy-preserving techniques, which will shape the ongoing development and responsible deployment of LLMs in NLP.

Language technologies applied to document simplification for helping autistic people

Manual Summarization of large bodies of text involves a lot of human effort and time, especially in the legal domain. Lawyers spend a lot of time preparing legal briefs of their clients' case files. Automatic Text summarization is a constantly evolving field of Natural Language Processing(NLP), which is a subdiscipline of the Artificial Intelligence Field. In this paper a hybrid method for automatic text summarization of legal cases using k-means clustering technique and tf-idf(term frequency-inverse document frequency) word vectorizer is proposed. The summary generated by the proposed method is compared using ROGUE evaluation parameters with the case summary as prepared by the lawyer for appeal in court. Further, suggestions for improving the proposed method are also presented.

The legal sector remains distinctive due to the complex language structure and specialized terminology of legal data. This complexity offers considerable contextual information, which demands natural language processing (NLP). The availability of high-quality and well-structured legal datasets is essential for advancing NLP research and applications within the legal field. However, a gap exists within the Arabic legal NLP owing to insufficient research and datasets. To address this gap, we aim to propose an Arabic legal case dataset containing cases, case summaries, relevant keywords, and case categories. The legal case data were obtained from the Board of Grievances website in Saudi Arabia and include 3170 cases distributed across 47 classes. The number of words in these cases varies significantly, ranging from about 100 to nearly 30,000 words per case. Moreover, the number of pages varies, ranging from one page to 80 pages per case. Therefore, this dataset supports various NLP applications, including text categorization, data extraction, sentiment analysis, and summarization, thereby improving task efficiency and decision accuracy in the legal profession.

Abstractive single document summarization is considered as a challenging problem in the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. Meanwhile and specifically in the last two years, several deep learning summarization approaches were proposed that once again attracted the attention of researchers to this field.It is a well-known issue that deep learning approaches do not work well with small amounts of data. With some exceptions, this is, unfortunately, the case for most of the datasets available for the summarization task. Besides this problem, it should be considered that phonetic, morphological, semantic and syntactic features of the language are constantly changing over the time and unfortunately most of the summarization corpora are constructed from old resources. Another problem is the language of the corpora. Not only in the summarization field, but also in other fields of natural language processing, most of the corpora are only available in English. In addition to the above problems, license terms, and fees of the corpora are obstacles that prevent many academics and specifically non-academics from accessing these data.This work describes an open source framework to create an extendable multilingual corpus for abstractive single document summarization that addresses the above-mentioned problems. We describe a tool consisted of a scalable crawler and a centralized key-value store database to construct a corpus of an arbitrary size using a news aggregator service.

The field of natural language processing (NLP) is being increasingly applied to the realm of healthcare. This abstract delves into the intersection of health care and NLP, highlighting how this technology is being used to enhance various aspects of the healthcare industry. From analyzing medical records and extracting relevant information to aiding in diagnosis and treatment recommendations, NLP is playing a pivotal role in transforming how healthcare professionals interact with data and make informed decisions. This abstract provides an overview of the key applications and benefits of employing NLP in healthcare, showcasing its potential to improve patient outcomes and streamline medical processes. This research seeks to harness the power of advanced computational linguistics to revolutionize various aspects of the healthcare industry. By enabling computers to understand and interpret human language, NLP has the potential to drive transformative changes NLP-powered systems can analyze vast amounts of medical literature, patient records, and research findings to provide healthcare practitioners with timely and relevant information. This assists in making well-informed decisions regarding diagnoses, treatment plans, and prognoses. NLP techniques facilitate the extraction of pertinent information from unstructured medical records, including patient histories and doctor's notes. This structured data can then be used for research, trend analysis, and epidemiological studies, contributing to evidence-based medicine. Versatile with unique alternatives a new method for optimization is proposed MOORA. This method is objective denotes the matrix of responses of the alternatives, however, proposing better policies, which rates are used. Well established. Multi-objective another method for optimization is used for comparison, reference point method. Then, various competitions this proved to be the best choice among the methods. From the result BC2GM is in 1st rank whereas BC5- Disease is in lowest rank.

We present a system to mine and visualize collections of scientific documents by semantically browsing information extracted from single publications or aggregated throughout corpora of articles. The text mining tool performs deep analysis of document collections allowing the extraction and interpretation of research paper's contents. In addition to the extraction and enrichment of documents with metadata (titles, authors, affiliations, etc), the deep analysis performed comprises semantic interpretation, rhetorical analysis of sentences, triple-based information extraction, and text summarization. The visualization components allow geographical-based exploration of collections, topic-evolution interpretation, and collaborative network analysis among others. The paper presents a case study of a bi-lingual collection in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP).

Natural Language Processing (NLP) involves the use of algorithms and models and various computational techniques to analyze, process, and generate natural language data, including speech and text. NLP helps computers interact with humans in a more natural way, which has become increasingly important as more humancomputer interactions take place. NLP allows machines to process and analyze voluminous unstructured data, including social media posts, newspaper articles, reviews from customers, emails, and others. It helps organizations extract insights, automate tasks, and improve decision-making by enabling machines to understand and generate human-like language. A linguistic background is essential for understanding NLP. Linguistic theories and models help in developing NLU systems, as NLP specialists need to understand the structure and rules of language. NLU systems are organized into different components, including language modelling, parsing, and semantic analysis. NLU systems may be assessed through the use of metrics that includes measures like precision and recall, as well as indicators that convey meaningful information that include F1 score and others. Semantics and knowledge representation are central to NLU, as they involve understanding the meaning of words and sentences and representing this information in a way that machines can use. Approaches to knowledge representation include semantic networks, ontologies, and vector embeddings. Language modelling is an essential step in NLP that sees usage in applications like speech recognition, text generation, and text completion and also in areas such as machine translation. Ambiguity Resolution remains a major challenge in NLP, as language is often ambiguous and context-dependent. Some common applications of NLP include sentiment analysis, chatbots, virtual assistants, machine translation, speech recognition, text classification, text summarization, and information extraction. In this chapter, we show the applicability of a popular unsupervised learning technique, viz., clustering through K-Means. The efficiency provided by the K-Means algorithm can be improved through the use of an optimization loop. The prospects for NLP are promising, with an increasing demand for AI-powered language technologies in various industries, including healthcare, finance, and e-commerce. There is also a growing need for ethical and responsible AI systems that are transparent and accountable.

This chapter discusses the concept of natural language processing (NLP), specifically how the NLP is applied. The chapter further outlines the typical functions of the NLP. In addition, it explores the NLP in strategy and strategy implementation.The NLP is a branch of computer science, AI and linguistics that focuses on the interaction between computer programs and human language. There are three functions of the NLP, namely, machine translation (MT), text summarisation and sentiment analysis (SA). MT is a branch of computer linguistics that analyses the use of computerised tools to translate the context derived from this, from one language to the next. The language that is being translated is the human language.Automatic text summarisation refers to a process of bringing about a succinct and meaningful summary of the text. SA is a way of finding out the polarity or strength of the opinion that is expressed in written text. The opinion could be either positive or negative. MT has three major approaches, namely, rule-based MT, statistical MT and neural MT. A rule-based system would typically require the expert to know both the source and the target languages. This knowledge is then used to develop syntactic, semantic and morphological rules to achieve the translation. The statistical approach uses statistical models based on the analysis of bilingual text corpora. The neural MT approach uses neural networks to achieve machine translation. There are two broad categories of text summarisation approaches, namely, extractive summarisation and abstractive summarisation. Furthermore, there are four popular types of SA, namely, the fine-grained SA, emotion detection, aspect-based SA and multilingual SA. The firm that deploys the NLP and ML in Big Data Analytics would gain crucial and better insights, setting the firm apart from its competitors.

There have been considerable advancements in Text Summarization over the last few years. There are two ways to text summarization: one is based on natural language processing (NLP), and the other is based on deep learning. In the realm of NLP, text summarization is the most intriguing and challenging task. NLP stands for Natural Language Processing, which studies and manipulates human language by computers. Because of the massive increase in information and data, it has become critical. Text summarization is creating a thorough and meaningful summary of text from various sources such as books, news stories, research papers, and tweets, among others. Large text documents that are difficult to summarize manually are the research subject. The job of condensing a piece of text into a shorter version, minimizing the size of the original text while maintaining key informative components and content meaning, is known as summarising. Because human text summarising is a time-consuming and intrinsically tiresome process, automating it is gaining popularity and hence acts as a potent stimulus for academic study.

Text summarization is referred to the process of rewriting a particular content into its brief version by understanding it. It is a serious need to obtain concise and relevant information from huge information. Automatic text summarization is fast-growing research area in natural language processing from last few years. It has improved from simple heuristics to neural network-based text summarization techniques. The extractive and abstractive text summarization generate the condensed text which saves time in reading the entire document. The abstractive approach is more complex as it needs natural language processing and neural network. Due to the availability of huge unsupervised data, traditional approach fails to provide accuracy in text summarization. The deep learning-based text summarization model gives a good performance as compared to the conventional techniques. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent work on text summarization based on deep learning techniques.

The "AI YouTube Video Summary using NLP" project introduces an innovative solution to the burgeoning challenge of digesting vast amounts of video content on platforms like YouTube. With the exponential growth of online video, users often face time constraints and information overload, hindering their ability to extract valuable insights efficiently. Our project addresses this issue by harnessing the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to automatically generate concise summaries of YouTube videos. Through a seamless integration with the MERN stack, our system enables users to input video URLs and receive summaries in three distinct forms: short, long, and key insights. By automating the process of transcript extraction, linguistic analysis, and summarization, our system streamlines content consumption, offering users a time-saving and effective method for accessing essential information. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and linguistic analysis techniques, our system accurately identifies and distills key themes, concepts, and insights embedded within the video content. This empowers users to gain comprehensive understanding without the need for exhaustive viewing, thereby enhancing their browsing experience and knowledge acquisition. In essence, the "AI YouTube Video Summary using NLP" project represents a significant advancement in content consumption methodologies, offering a practical solution to the challenges posed by the proliferation of video content online. Through our innovative approach, we aim to revolutionize the way users engage with YouTube videos, facilitating efficient information extraction and empowering them to make the most of their online viewing experience. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Text Summarization, Multimedia Content Analysis, Automatic Summarization.