Motivated tests for compounding

: The work in progress has included the result that, for a certain class of partial differential equations, nonlinearization will often not aid in stabilization. Partial results have been obtaining on the following two types of questions: (1) What sort of estimates can one obtain for solutions of nonlinear parabolic problems backward in time at a given time in terms of the solution at alter times? Also: (2) If a solution of a certain parabolic bundary value problem is known to exist for positive time, what are the possible behaviors as the time tends to zero? Other topics addressed include coefficient determination in hyperbolic-equations, quenching for wave equations, and positive solutions of a nonlinear elliptic equation in all of space. Two presentations will be given this summer on results to date. (Author)

Question categorization and classification using grammar based approach

What kind of questions do creative people ask?

The performance of any component to a great extent is determined by residual stress, resulting from virtually all manufacturing processes. Therefore the problem of residual stress detection and measurement is urgent in modern engineering, mechanics and material physics. A good deal of effort has been undertaken in developing different methods for the residual stress detection. Optical, ultrasonic, magnetic methods, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray and neutron diffraction are effectively applied for detection of residual stresses in many cases. Thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) is also now a well-known experimental technique (Pitarresi and Patterson [1]) providing information on the surface stress fields in structures. Two common systems based on TSA are developed at present. Stress pattern analysis by measurement of thermal emission (SPATE) has a single detector, while DELTATHERM® systems have a staring array of detectors. These techniques have been already implemented effectively for the residual stress detection. It was experimentally demonstrated that mechanical stresses modify the thermal emission signal. Hole drilling and compliance methods are also actively investigated at present for residual stress detection. Recently holographic or speckle interferometry in conjunction the hole-drilling method has attracted serious attention for solution of this problem. Unfortunately, as a rule many of these methods have limited fields of application. For example, Raman spectroscopy is mainly used in science and technology of semiconductors for which the phonon lines have a relatively simple structure and their shifts with stress are well known. SPATE, DELTATHERM® and holographic interferometry are of more general applicability, but have comparatively low spatial resolution.

Gradient-based methods belong to offline techniques which use all the available data reading to set the unknown thermal coefficients. General application and rigorous mathematical investigation of these methods make them robust tools for analyzing inverse heat problems. In the present study, four search techniques in gradient-type methods through the use of adjoint problem are employed for the evaluation of heat sources in arbitrary geometries. The methods include Fletcher–Reeves version of the conjugate gradient method (CGM), Hestenes–Stiefel version of the CGM, Broydon–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno version of quasi-Newton method and a novel form of the gradient-type method. The search direction in the novel method appears to have originated as a hybridization of a conjugate gradient and a quasi-Newton method. A conservative cell-based version of finite volume scheme is applied for the solution of heat-conduction problem in irregular domains. To highlight the flexibility and advantages of these algorithms, their performance and accuracy are presented and compared for two-dimensional heat-conduction problems.

Chapter 11 - Neuroimaging: Techniques and General Applications

Locational marginal prices (LMPs) are influenced by various factors such as load uncertainty, thermal limit, capacity reserve, and market power. We build a system model to quantitatively analyze the effects of these individual factors and their interactions on the mean and standard deviation of the LMPs, assuming that the factors are either active or inactive. According to the sensitivity analysis results from convex quadratic programming, LMPs are piecewise linear functions of demand variation, which is a key property used in the computation. This paper attempts to answer the following types of questions: (1) To what extent does market power raise the LMPs above the marginal cost? (2) What effects will generation or transmission capacity expansion have on relieving high LMPs under high demand scenarios? An IEEE 30-bus test system is used as an example to demonstrate our approach.

The article presents the results of the use of adaptive testing in higher education institutions with the example of the LMS Stimul implemented in Polzunov Altai State Technical University. The advantages and disadvantages of testing as an assessment method are considered. On the base of analysis of modern educational trends, the conclusion is made about the relevance of the issue of adaptive testing, taking into account the personal mastering of the material by the student. A description of a testing system that making a permanent adaptation of the test to customize the test for the knowledge of a particular student is given. The variant of the adaptive testing algorithm is given. A comparison of the results obtained using the conventional test and the adaptive test is described. Analysis of the test results is carried out in the context of topics, categories and types of questions. Based on the given examples, a conclusion is made on the effectiveness of adaptive testing.

Optimization problems recently studied in liver kinetics feature noncompact constraints and highly nonunique solutions. Here a wider class of problems with these properties is considered. It is shown that it is sufficient to solve the problem with an additional, compact constraint. From the solutions of this restricted problem all solutions of the original problem can be obtained. By means of this result and Pontryagin’s maximum principle, solutions are found for some problems of liver-kinetic interest.

A stochastic compartmental model for migration of marine shrimp

Adaptive testing is a form of intelligent computer test. The number and types of the exam questions are uncertain. How to design high reliability algorithms to reflect the real level of the candidates is the key problem, also it is the most difficult problem. The realizing algorithms of parameter set, iterative computation and answer information estimation are designed and improved in the paper. The adaptive testing theory, the testing system design idea, the function and the technique are also introduced by an actual system designation. By comparing with the conventional test, the effect of the adaptive testing system is analyzed and evaluated.

We apply the super duality formalism recently developed by the authors to obtain new equivalences of various module categories of general linear Lie superalgebras. We establish the correspondence of standard, tilting, and simple modules, as well as the identification of the u-homology groups, under these category equivalences. As an application, we obtain a complete solution of the irreducible character problem for some new parabolic BGG categories of gl(m|n)-modules, including the full BGG category of gl(m|2)-modules, in terms of type A Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials.

There are many important technological and engineering science applications in which a free and/or moving fluid and/or solid interface play a dominant role. Such systems encompass general static and dynamic applications encountered, for example, in capillarity, crystal growth, electrochemical plating and and corrosion, coating and polymer technology, separation processes, metal and glass forming processes and many other areas of engineering and science. Specifically, the equilibrium shape and stability of menisci between pairs of immiscible fluids in containers; coating flows in which a viscous fluid is deposited on a rigid, or flexible, substrate as commonly encountered in the manufacturing of photographic films and plate glass or the coating of paper; solidification processes which are commonly encountered in the material science of crystal growth, e.g., in open boat configuration, Czochralski or floating zone methods; extrusion of liquid from nozzles as encountered in the continuous production of fibers or curtain coating operations; domain shape changes associated with elect rod eposition and chemical etching processes. A quantitative description and solution of such problems has been allusive even in the simplest cases because of firstly, the inherent nonlinearities in the continuum equations and secondly, heat and/or mass (and sometimes concomitant heat) transport which often play a decisive role in the process.

A self-consistent procedure has been established for economic design optimization of the lithiumlead (LiPb) blanket for the MARS tandem mirror reactor. The procedure is necessarily iterative and enables progress in blanket design to be assessed in terms of the minimization of an economic figure of merit F for the complete reactor system. Typical economic design questions regarding blanket and central cell parameters such as tritium breeding ratio, neutron energy multiplication factor, thermal cycle efficiency, blanket radial thickness, magnet radii, etc., can then be addressed in terms of their influence on overall system costs. This procedure is not necessarily specific to MARS and has general applicability to fusion reactor blanket design optimization. Application of the procedure resulted in a blanket with small ( about 38 cm) radial thickness, highly enriched (90%) lithium, adequate tritium breeding ratio (1.14) and a neutron energy multiplication and thermal efficiency approaching those for blankets of considerably larger radial dimensions.

Artificial neural networks applied to multiple signals in nuclear technology