MRS volume 27 issue 9 Front matter

The study area is located in the desert region west of the road to Karbala-Najaf cities. The unconfined Al-Dibdibba aquifer in this area is considered as a source of water. Recently, the project of the city of Al-Imam Al-Hussein farm has been established in this area which depends on the groundwater for irrigation. The general direction of ground water in the aquifer is from the west and the south west towards the east and the northeast. The storage of the aquifer is about 46.8 Million m3. Two different sites were selected; the first site is the front field which includes 4 wells, while the second site is the back field which includes 20 wells. Basins have been suggested to be constructed with a volume of 3000 m3 for each one of farms A and B in the back field and a volume of 1500 m3 for farm C in the front field. The results of electrical conductivity-EC of ground water-GW samples indicate that are suitable for wheat, barley, maize, and sugar beet. Simulation models have been used at two phases in this research with an area of 51 donums for the back field and 33 donums for farm C in the front field. The first phase is to find crop water requirement and irrigation requirements for wheat and barley as a winter crops and maize and sugarbeet as a summer crops using CROPWAT8.0 simulation model, while the second phase includes irrigation network design using EPANET2.0 simulation model. This study has revealed that the final designed semi-permanent sprinkler system capacity in this research is 321m3/hr to irrigate area of 51 donum, within 4 days of 7 hours per day for the back field. Thus, the application of sprinkler irrigation will assist in the increase of cultivation by about 2.5 times. Also, results from simulation showed that the operation time of wells has been reduced about 40%. Crop yield produced by donum for each crop was increased by about 50%.

Environmental Entomology June 2016 Volume 45 Number 3 - Front Cover

Environmental Entomology April 2015 Volume 44 Number 3 - Front Cover

Volume 73 | Number 3 | July 2013 - Front Cover Get access Analysis, Volume 73, Issue 3, July 2013, Page i1, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/ans171 Published: 03 July 2013

Un Acquario pubblico e stato realizzato e aperto al pubblico in Santa Maria al Bagno (Nardo-Lecce, Italia) grazie ad un finanziamento europeo (programma ETCP Greece-Italy 2007-2013) che ha visto l'Universita del Salento come Leader Partner (altri partner: Provincia di Lecce, Municipalita di Nardo, Universita di Patrasso, Municipalita di Cefalonia). L'acquario propone una vista sugli ambienti naturali sommersi della costa Salentina, e una rassegna di relitti, in 4 sale che accolgono un totale di 17 vasche. L'inaugurazione dell'acquario, struttura unica in tutto il Sud Italia se si esclude Napoli, e stata celebrata in data 05 Giugno 2015. Anche grazie ad uno studio di front end evaluation, e stato possibile elaborare un piano di funzionamento, tenendo conto del ruolo educativo di tali strutture, e della loro forte attrattivita turistica, che ha consentito di attirare fin da subito un forte afflusso di visitatori.A public Aquarium was realized in the frame of the European Territorial Cooperation Programme, ETCP, Greece-Italy 2007-2013. Such a project (acronym APREH) started in 2011 with the University of Salento as Leader Partner, Province of Lecce and Municipality of Nardo as Italian partners, and University of Patra and Municipality of Kefallinia as Greek partners. The proposal of an Aquarium had the aim to promote the archaeological and natural submarine heritage along the coastline of the Salento Peninsula and of the Kefallinia island. The Italian partnership realized an Aquarium at Santa Maria al Bagno (Nardo, Lecce), restructuring an ancient building (Fig. 1) with services, a conference room, and 4 exhibition environments equipped with a total of 17 tanks of variable volume (25 2,500 litres), hosting a total of 100 species of marine organisms (Tab. 1, Fig. 2). Four tanks were equipped with reproductions of wrecks: a Junker 88 airplane, an Italian Cargo Ship, an English destroyer of the 2nd World War, and a Roman ship of the 2nd Century b.C. with its cargo of amphorae. The official opening was celebrated on 05 June 2015 (Fig. 3). The structure is the unique public Aquarium functioning in the Southern Italy apart from Naples; it has been open to visitors only during the 13 week ends of June-August, receiving more than 7,000 visitors mainly coming from Province of Lecce and the rest of Italy (Tab. 2). Also due to front end evaluation studies, a plan for the future functioning of the Aquarium is presented, taking into consideration its educative role, and its touristic attractiveness.

Volume 73 Number 4 October 2013 - Front Cover

Volume 74 | Number 2 | April 2014 - Front Cover Get access Analysis, Volume 74, Issue 2, April 2014, Page i1, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anu010 Published: 28 March 2014

With increasing computer capabilities, numerical modeling of two-phase flows has developed significantly over the last few years. Although there are two main categories, namely 'one' fluid and 'two' fluid methods, the 'one' fluid methods are more commonly used for tracking or capturing the interface between two fluids. Level set (LS), volume-of-fluid (VOF), front tracking, marker-and-cell (MAC) and lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods are all 'one' fluid methods. It is clear that there is no perfect method; each method has advantages and disadvantages which make it more appropriate for one kind of problem than for others. For instance, a LS method will accurately compute the curvature and the normal to the interface, but tends to loss mass which is physically incorrect. On the other hand, a VOF method will conserve mass up to machine precision, but the computation of the curvature and normal to the interface is not as accurate. In order to minimize the disadvantages of these methods, several authors have used two or more methods together to model two-phase flows. This is the case for the CLSVOF (Couple Level Set Volume Of Fluid) method, where LS and VOF are coupled together in order to better capture the interface. In CLSVOF, the level set function is used to compute the interface curvature and normal to the interface, while the volume of fluid function is used to capture the interface. For two-phase flows in microchannels, surface tension forces play an important role in determining the dynamics of bubbles whereas gravitational forces are generally negligible. Also it is very important to consider the interaction between the boundaries and the fluids by prescribing or computing the correct contact angle between them. The commercial CFD code FLUENT allows the use of static constant angles, or the use of User Defined Functions (UDF) to compute the dynamic contact angles. It is inappropriate to use a static contact angle to model cases involving moving contact lines. For such cases a dynamic contact angle scheme should be implemented. In this study, FLUENT was used to model adiabatic and diabatic, time dependent two-phase flows. Since FLUENT already contains a VOF method, a LS method was implemented and coupled with VOF into FLUENT via UDFs. Furthermore, since the LS function, used to compute the surface tension force, ceases to be a signed distance to the interface even after one time step, a re-initialization equation was solved after each time step. This involved using a fifth order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non Oscillatory) scheme to discretize the space derivatives (otherwise oscillations of the interface occurred), and a first order Euler method for the time integration. In another part of the study, a 3D dynamic contact angle model based on volume fraction, interface reconstruction, and experimentally available advancing and receding static contact angles was also developed and implemented into FLUENT via UDFs. Several validations for the developed CLSVOF method and dynamic contact angle model are presented in this thesis, these includes a static bubble, a bubble rising in a stagnant liquid for Morton numbers ranging from 102 to 10-11, droplet deformation due to a vortex flow field, droplets spreading over a wall under the gravity effect and droplets sliding over a wall due to gravity. These validations demonstrated the high accuracy and the stability of our methods for modeling these phenomena. A heat and mass transfer model was also implemented into the commercial CFD code FLUENT for simulating of boiling (and condensation) heat transfer. Several simulations were presented with water and R134a as working fluids. The influence of the contact angle and the wall superheat was also studied.

Front cover - Volume 1

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