MSME Strategies in Facing the Global Trade Tariff War

This study aims to analyze the effect of digital literacy and e-commerce utilization on the performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Batam City. Digital literacy is an individual's ability to understand, manage, and utilize information technology effectively in supporting business activities. On the other hand, e-commerce has become a strategic tool that helps MSMEs reach a wider market, improve operational efficiency, and strengthen competitiveness. This research is motivated by the rapid development of technology and the need for MSMEs to adapt to the digital era. The object of this research is MSMEs in Batam city with a sample size of 71 MSMEs. The research data were obtained with the help of questionnaire distribution. The data is processed using the SPSS application. The results of the study are partially digital literacy and ecommerce utilization have a significant effect on MSME performance. Simultaneously, digital literacy and e-commerce utilization have a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs in Batam city. From the results of this study, it is hoped that MSME players can adopt digital in an effort to increase the benefits obtained.

An essential and vital component of a corporate enterprise's methodical supply chain strategy is inventory. By temporarily building up an excessive amount of inventory, the majority of micro and small businesses neglect inventory management (IM). The present study examines and evaluates the role of inventory management practices by women entrepreneurs in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Jammu Region, India.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on qualitative and behavioral case study design. Data were gathered from 15 MSMEs owners in Jammu region. The study used purposive sampling technique with semi-structured interview to gathered information data. The NVivo software technique is used to evaluate and analyze the data.Findings – The finding of study indicate most MSMEs enterprises owners purchase their raw materials from local market with local sources; however few of them purchased their raw materials from boundaries states. They frequently adopt technologies and online media platform to manage raw materials and make payment through online method. Additionally, the survey found that MSMEs' owners are unable to purchase large quantities of raw materials because of their limited financial resources, waste, and damage, with a leading ratio of 12–15%.Research limitations/implications – The research will positively contributes to MSMEs associations, trade association, and government to concern over inventory management. The study recommends reducing tax burden to improve to buying MSMEs raw materials and inventories and reduce taxes to promote exporting of the product.Value/Originality – This is the primary study that focuses on the IM systems among women entrepreneurs of MSMEs in Jammu region, India.

In many developed countries, the usage of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has become important in paving the future path in how data is managed and secured in the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector. SMEs in these developed countries have created their own cyber regimes around AI and ML. This knowledge is tested daily in how these countries’ SMEs run their businesses and identify threats and attacks, based on the support structure of the individual country. Based on recent changes to the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Brexit, and ISO standards requirements, machine learning cybersecurity (MLCS) adoption in the UK SME market has become prevalent and a good example to lean on, amongst other developed nations. Whilst MLCS has been successfully applied in many applications, including network intrusion detection systems (NIDs) worldwide, there is still a gap in the rate of adoption of MLCS techniques for UK SMEs. Other developed countries such as Spain and Australia also fall into this category, and similarities and differences to MLCS adoptions are discussed. Applications of how MLCS is applied within these SME industries are also explored. The paper investigates, using quantitative and qualitative methods, the challenges to adopting MLCS in the SME ecosystem, and how operations are managed to promote business growth. Much like security guards and policing in the real world, the virtual world is now calling on MLCS techniques to be embedded like secret service covert operations to protect data being distributed by the millions into cyberspace. This paper will use existing global research from multiple disciplines to identify gaps and opportunities for UK SME small business cyber security. This paper will also highlight barriers and reasons for low adoption rates of MLCS in SMEs and compare success stories of larger companies implementing MLCS. The methodology uses structured quantitative and qualitative survey questionnaires, distributed across an extensive participation pool directed to the SMEs’ management and technical and non-technical professionals using stratify methods. Based on the analysis and findings, this study reveals that from the primary data obtained, SMEs have the appropriate cybersecurity packages in place but are not fully aware of their potential. Secondary data collection was run in parallel to better understand how these barriers and challenges emerged, and why the rate of adoption of MLCS was very low. The paper draws the conclusion that help through government policies and processes coupled together with collaboration could minimize cyber threats in combatting hackers and malicious actors in trying to stay ahead of the game. These aspirations can be reached by ensuring that those involved have been well trained and understand the importance of communication when applying appropriate safety processes and procedures. This paper also highlights important funding gaps that could help raise cyber security awareness in the form of grants, subsidies, and financial assistance through various public sector policies and training. Lastly, SMEs’ lack of understanding of risks and impacts of cybercrime could lead to conflicting messages between cross-company IT and cybersecurity rules. Trying to find the right balance between this risk and impact, versus productivity impact and costs, could lead to UK SMES getting over these hurdles in this cyberspace in the quest for promoting the usage of MLCS. UK and Wales governments can use the research conducted in this paper to inform and adapt their policies to help UK SMEs become more secure from cyber-attacks and compare them to other developed countries also on the same future path.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are 99.9% of total businesses in Indonesia. Mapping/clustering potential of SMEs that built in accordance with the conditions of the region/administrative, potential resources (commodities) and business units (production centers and groups) can be used as an indicator and the benchmark for guidance, development and supervision in order to strengthen the spine and the national economic structure. Objectives of the study are (1) identify potential SMEs that built in accordance with business information and problems encountered; (2) compile a database of selected target SMEs in the form of statistical profiles that are relevant to the purposes of guidance, development and supervision (success indicators and critical); (3) develop a standard model or alternative development, SMEs development and built a successful surveillance with the potential clustering patterns (base development) in accordance with local circumstances, and economic sectors. In this study used techniques: (1) desk research of secondary data sourced from SMEs that built by PT. Sucofindo and literature on SMEs-related studies conducted; (2) a brief survey to the selected SMEs locations from the point (1) purposively to obtain primary data as a verification activity that is supported by effective semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis carried out descriptively, both qualitative and quantitative. From the study guidance, development and supervision of SMEs that built by PT Sucofindo available facts and data (information business, determinants, the feasibility of the business sector, loan repayment status and conceptual models) that SMEs that built can be categorized pre-enterprise SMEs and businesses running. Business grouping determines the smoothness of debt servicing. Therefore, in order to establish indicators of the model guidance, development and supervision in accordance with the type of SME, then the PT. Sucofindo requires an assessment system that is easy, fast, accurate, reliable and trustworthy, that can later be used as an effective guide for guidance, development and supervision of SMEs in general and in particular SMEs that built by PT. Sucofindo used a generic approach in business performance indicators that are supported by indicators of business drivers. Model guidance, development and supervision SMEs that has done so far by PT. Sucofindo still be reliable, but for the speed and feasibility of the establishment of SMEs which will be built into the front according to selected economic sectors, would be equipped with an approach that resulted in the studies of guidance, development and supervision, namely the general model of guidance, development and supervision of SMEs that built based on SMEs that built issues, systems of SMEs that built, assumptions, conceptual models and variables that can be measured. Guidance, development and supervision of SMEs that built, with potential cluster approach can be performed on: (1) category of solid natural resources, when positioned on the outskirts of the city and labor intensive, when positioned in the center of town; (2) technical assistance and competency-based according to the phase business. Both of the thing are helping improve the performance and structural improvement of SMEs, increase their competitiveness and resilience of SMEs supported by the core business, supporting business and related businesses intensively interconnected

The Indonesian government has always paid considerable attention to the existence and development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This is because the number of MSMEs in Indonesia is very large, and MSMEs are able to absorb a high enough workforce with small business capital that easily adapts to market needs. The current era of digitalization requires MSME players to maximize promotional and marketing activities online. Besides that, MSMEs must obtain basic permits such as IUMK, HS and PIRT permits. Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village is located in Bangka Regency, has 98 MSME units. MSMEs that have pocketed new permits are 34%. The type of MSME cultivated by the community in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village is processed food. MSMEs do not yet have an online market place to sell MSME products online. Therefore, there is a need for assistance for MSMEs in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village to create technology-based and competitive businesses. To realize this there are several problems that partners (MSMEs) have, namely: lack of knowledge regarding clean standard production processes, and procedures for registration to obtain IUMK, HS and PIRT permits. Another problem that partners have is limited knowledge in using technology for promotion and marketing, so they have not reached a wider market share. Solutions that can be offered are to help partners by increasing knowledge about production processes with clean standards by conducting direct coaching to partners, facilitating the registration of IUMK permits, Certificates of Eligible Hygene Sanitation and PIRT. In order to reach a wider market share and to have strong coordination among MSME players, training was conducted on registration and design of packaging stickers for the promotion and marketing of all MSME products in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Village. Community service activities with targeted partners for MSME actors in the Sinar Jaya Jelutung Sub-District are running smoothly and well, so they can achieve the set targets. This community service activity is in the form of outreach and direct assistance to target partners. The knowledge and awareness of MSME actors has increased regarding the submission of product legality, at the end of the activity all MSME actors already have NIB and PIRT certificates. Awareness of having attractive and informative packaging stickers is increasing, MSME players have received packaging stickers to support product promotion.

In every economy of the world, the impact of the SME is not taken for granted as for all healthy economy, there must be a healthy SME due to the fact that, their contribution to the production volumes in terms of exports, innovations and the entrepreneur skills is vital for every economy to grow. There is a reasonable level of agreement among policy makers, theorists, economists, and business experts that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are drivers of economic growth. SMEs’ access to credit has been a serious subject of debates to policy makers and researchers of both developed and developing economies based on the pivotal and significant role of SMEs’ in growing the private sector as well as the global economies as an extension to the nations. Hence, there is a need to examine the bank lending capacities to the SMEs’ in Nigeria and its effects on the Nigerian business environment, the impact of financial crisis in Nigeria on SMEs’ access to bank credit, in addition, to determine the impact of SMEs’ on the Nigerian economy. The study employed the use of secondary source of data in the relevant literatures and data generated from the Central Bank of Nigeria Bulletin, 2016 on Credit Accessibility to the SME sector in Nigeria from the year 1992-2015. An econometric analysis was used specifically regression analysis. The result confirmed that Bank lending capacity as one of the factors of financial crisis does affect the SMEs access to credit, and there is a strong and positive relationship between the SMEAC, Foreign Direct Investment, Interest Rate and Inflation while there is a strong and negative relationship between the SMEAC, GDP Total, CBTC and the Money Supplied. However, there is a weak relationship between the SMEAC and the SMEGDP and CBLSME. The result indicates that, as the Interest Rate and Inflation continue to increase it has a negative influence on the SMEs access to credit through the commercial banks. It is recommended to the Nigerian government that, economic policies that would favour the establishment of more SMEs with access to flexible credit facilities be made. In addition, the government needs to improve on the commercial bank lending capacities to the SMEs as this when positively managed will positively influence the contribution of the SMEs GDP Keywords : Financial Crisis, credit Accessibility, small and medium enterprises DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-1-05

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated digital transformation in Indonesia's Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector, which previously relied more on conventional methods. Social restrictions encourage MSME players to adapt to technology, especially in marketing and operational efficiency. This study aims to explore how MSMEs are adapting to digital technology during the pandemic, with a focus on marketing digitalization, the use of technology for operational efficiency, and challenges faced related to infrastructure and digital literacy. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and case studies with in-depth interviews with 10-15 MSME players, this research found that digital technology has become an important element in maintaining MSME business continuity. While the benefits of technology are clear, constraints such as limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and investment costs are major barriers. Therefore, this study suggests the need for collaboration between the government, private sector, and educational institutions to provide training, more affordable access to technology, and better infrastructure to support MSME digitalization. The findings are expected to provide insights for policymakers and industry players in designing effective measures to accelerate the digital transformation of MSMEs, improve their competitiveness in the global market, and prepare them for future economic challenges

This study explores how organizational transformation can enhance the agility of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), Indonesia, by integrating Change Management and Dynamic Capabilities approaches. Facing ongoing disruptions and global uncertainty, MSMEs in NTB struggle with limited financing, outdated technologies, and low digital adoption. Organizational agility is essential for responding quickly to market and technological shifts. Using an explanatory quantitative method, data were gathered from 310 MSME actors via a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed with SEM-PLS. The results show that change management significantly impacts agility (β = 0.412) and dynamic capabilities (β = 0.537). Dynamic capabilities also strongly influence agility (β = 0.384) and mediate the relationship between change management and agility. These findings highlight that effective change management strengthens the ability to adapt to external challenges. Practically, the study underscores the importance of internal transformation driven by strategic vision, dynamic resource management, and inclusive decision-making. Theoretically, it offers a new model for MSME resilience in regions facing digital divides. The integration of Change Management and Dynamic Capabilities proves vital for cultivating an agile, adaptive, and competitive MSME landscape in the era of digital transformation. Keywords : Change Management 1; Dynamic Capabilities 2; Organizational Agility 3; MSME Transformation 4; Business Adaptability 5

This study aimed to assess how local wisdom integration and clustering strategies impact the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Jambi Province, using a mixed-method approach. It was found that both local wisdom and clustering significantly enhance MSME performance by adding value, differentiating products, and improving access to resources, innovation, and operational efficiency. The research underscores the critical role these strategies play in MSME development. Consequently, it suggests that MSME managers, investors, and policymakers should support initiatives promoting the integration of local wisdom and the development of clusters to boost MSME competitiveness and growth in Jambi Province. This approach demonstrates a viable pathway for MSMEs to enhance their performance and sustainability.

Introduction: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has triggered a fundamental shift in the global economic structure, significantly influencing the sustainability and competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital technology adoption in enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in the creative industry sector in Tangerang City. Methods: Utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this research applies a quantitative approach through an evaluative survey design involving 128 MSME actors who have integrated digital systems into their business operations. Results: The findings reveal that approximately 78% of respondents reported an increase in sales ranging from 20% to 35% following digital adoption, while 64% successfully expanded their market reach to national and international levels. Moreover, digital technology implementation has proven to significantly improve operational efficiency and accelerate product innovation processes, thereby strengthening the competitive edge of MSMEs. However, several challenges remain, such as limited access to formal digital training, low levels of digital literacy, and uneven availability of digital infrastructure across regions. Conclusion: The study concludes that optimal digital technology implementation can generate substantial positive impacts on MSME performance and competitiveness, provided there is strategic support from government bodies, educational institutions, and the private sector. Strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration and building an inclusive and sustainable digital ecosystem are key strategies for advancing MSME transformation in the digital economy era. This research offers valuable implications for policy formulation and strategic empowerment of technology-based MSMEs in Indonesia.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting national economic growth and expanding employment opportunities in Indonesia. However, many MSMEs still face significant challenges in improving production efficiency due to limited human resources, low levels of technology adoption, and suboptimal operational management. To address these issues, this study developed an innovative digital technology platform designed to help MSMEs enhance productivity, reduce material waste, and accelerate the production process. The platform integrates Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and simplified Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) technologies tailored for small business operations. Through IoT, production processes can be monitored in real time; AI is applied to analyze sales data and predict material requirements and production schedules; while the ERP system automates inventory, transaction, and financial reporting processes. Trials conducted across MSMEs in the food, handicraft, and textile sectors demonstrated a 30% improvement in production efficiency and a 20% reduction in operational costs. The results indicate that the implementation of innovative technological platforms can significantly enhance efficiency, accuracy, and competitiveness among MSMEs. Digital transformation not only increases production efficiency but also enables broader business integration into the global market through cloud-based systems. Government and institutional support are essential to expand the adoption of such technologies, ensuring that Indonesian MSMEs become more adaptive, productive, and sustainable in the era of Industry 4.0.

MSMEs are vital to Indonesia's economy, making a substantial contribution to GDP and employment. Nevertheless, a number of MSME players encounter obstacles such restricted capital availability, weak financial management abilities, and a lack of appropriate business mentoring. This study aims to analyze the role of the Cooperative, MSME, and Labor Department of Palu City in empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) actors in 2022. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data sources in this study consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with staff of the Cooperative, MSME, and Labor Department of Palu City who work in the MSME field. Secondary data was obtained from official documents and archives (RSIP) owned by the department, particularly those related to MSME empowerment programs. Data collection techniques used include interviews, documentation, and collection of related documents from relevant agencies. Research results show that the Cooperative, MSME, and Labor Department of Palu City has implemented various empowerment programs, such as providing equipment and capital assistance, as well as business mentoring. The total business capital funds distributed to 1,101 MSME actors reached Rp2,202,000,000, and equipment assistance was adjusted according to each type of business. This program positively impacts MSME growth and poverty reduction in Palu City, despite challenges like low awareness of training, uneven mentoring, and limited capacity in business management and financial recording. Therefore, more intensive, integrated, and sustainable empowerment strategies are needed to optimally improve MSME capacity and competitiveness.

MSME: Nursery for Entrepreneurshipp: A Legal Perspective

Business practices are crucial for the success and sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Effective business management, including working capital management, helps MSMEs maintain liquidity, support growth, and navigate financial challenges. Proper allocation of resources, such as cash flow management, access to funding, inventory, and financial planning, ensures that MSMEs can meet day-to-day operational costs and capitalize on opportunities for expansion. This paper analyzed the working capital management practices of MSMEs in Samar, Philippines and how this can be linked to their economical, social, and environmental sustainability as a local business. Business owners (n=388) from Samar, Philippines were purposively sampled to participate in the study. Findings indicated low sustainability among MSMEs in Samar, Philippines, highlighting the lack of focus on economic, social, and environmental sustainability, with businesses showing poor performance in all three dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Likewise, their financial performance for cash management and inventory management was underwhelming. Despite the potential for working capital management to improve sustainability, MSMEs in Samar struggle with effective implementation. Nevertheless, this paper emphasized the disparity between MSMEs and larger corporations in terms of sustainability practices and calls for increased awareness and strategic efforts to integrate working capital management and sustainability into MSMEs’ operations, particularly in sectors like agriculture, trade, and food services.

Strategic issues regarding the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) need to get significant attention from the government to develop and be more competitive with other economic actors. Various MSME development policy agendas do not have a comprehensive and implementable program to build a solid MSME sector. This study aims to identify the obstacles and solutions faced by (MSMEs) during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This research method is a qualitative method with media analysis using steps coding content using NVivo software as the analytical tool. The research findings show that development, capital, marketing, product, and technology are the main problems faced by MSMEs to survive amid the Covid-19 pandemic. MSMEs' solutions include creative economy, accessing capital, loan restructuring facility, digital marketing, digital marketing training, human resource capacity, online business, and credit facilities.