Multi-objective Optimal Scheduling for Electricity Hydrogen ESSs Integrated Network in Chongli Winter Olympics Zone

To ensure sufficient investment in electricity generation capacity, mechanisms such as strategic reserves are being considered or already implemented. We analyze the effectiveness of a strategic reserve in the presence of a growing portfolio share of renewable energy sources (RES) with EMLab-Generation, an agent-based electricity market model. A strategic reserve can stabilize investment, but within limits. Uncertainty regarding future demand may cause the market to become instable, potentially leading to periods with very high electricity prices. In the presence of a large share of variable renewable energy sources, the reserve design should be adjusted or replaced by an alternative capacity mechanism.

Promotional policy and perspectives of usage renewable energy in Lithuania

The optimal use of renewable energy sources—The case of the new international “Makedonia” airport of Thessaloniki, Greece

Large scale electrical energy storage systems in India- current status and future prospects

This paper proposes a simulation model of Virtual Power Plants (VPP) and analysis the impact of the proposed model in frequency control. This paper, also, analyses the impact of reduced inertia on the hydro power plants stability. The simulations were done considering an increased share of renewable energy sources (RES) in electrical power production and a reduction of system inertia. The simulations were performed in Matlab/Simulink on the Kundur two-area frequency model which contains both primary and secondary frequency control levels. The simulation time was considered equal to 900 seconds, equivalent to 15 minutes, this being a reference value for secondary frequency control. The virtual power plant is composed of hydro power plants, renewable sources and energy storage systems and is controlled by a hybrid controller meaning that the VPP can contribute to both primary and secondary frequency control.

Considering that the European Directive has imposed that at least 20% of the total energy should come from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2020 already and the specific targets for each European Union Member State, this paper attempts to assess the importance of GDP per capita in realizing these targets and also the effects of the RES share in electricity. Contrary to previous research, this paper does not consider the connection between economic growth and RES, but rather the potential connection between the share of RES in electricity and the real GDP per capita. The panel data models indicated to a positive, but very low impact of GDP per capita on the share of RES in electricity in the period of 2007–2017 in the case of the EU countries, except Luxembourg that has outlier values of GDP per capita. However, causality between the two variables was not identified. Some groups of countries were described according to these variables using cluster analysis. Future research should focus on the extension of this model by including other important variables such as RES potential available in the countries with specific geographical conditions.

A review of flexibility options for high RES penetration in power systems — Focusing the Greek case

The share of renewable energy source (RES) in gross final energy consumption was 10.3% in the European Union (EU-27) in 2008; the remaining 89.7% was covered through the use of conventional fuels such as natural gas or oil products (Eurostat, 2010). The renewable energy share in gross final energy consumption was used for the production of heat (5.5%), electricity (4%) and transport fuels (0.8%). Deployment of RES contributes to two of the four targets of the EU-27 energy strategy: the need to reduce primary energy dependency and the stress of demand on primary energy resources. In addition, the Green House Gas (GHG) abatement due to a more intensive use of RES contributes to improve the EU-27’s target related to climate change, this being the fourth target in its energy strategy. From a legal point of view, The Green Paper (EC 1996), which was the first attempt of establishing a common policy on renewable energies in the European Union, settled down the goal of duplicating the contribution of RES in the gross domestic consumption in 15 years. From the year 1996 until the present, the European Union has developed an intense ruling activity around the promotion of RES. An important step forward the construction of the Community framework about harmonized fiscal treatment was the passing of the Directive (EC, 2003/96), that restructures the community regime about taxation over energy products and electricity. In order to improve on energy efficiency, the most important EU policies for the households sector are the EPBD (EPC 2. Gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources for heating and cooling (H & C); and 3. Final consumption of energy from renewable sources in transport. IEA (2009) has recently pointed out that part of renewable energies growth is due to strong policy support. Therefore, policy measures to promote RES are becoming an interesting issue in its deployment.

The article deals with the development of a method and algorithm for calculation of individual compo-nents of electricity flows in the branches of an electric power grid circuit caused by generation and con-sumption in its nodes. In particular, it is about estimating the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity consumption of a given consumer. The method is based on methods and algorithms for the calculation of steady-state modes of power grids, integrating a mathematical model for determining the components of current flows in the branches of the power system circuit. The model employs distribution coefficients of currents in the circuit branches from RES nodes and node voltages to form a matrix of cur-rent distribution coefficients for RES across the power grid branches. Since RES in electric power systems (EPS) use general power grids to transmit the electricity they generate, accurate determination of their power share within overall flows enables the impact of RES on the EPS mode parameters to be considered. The peculiarity of the algorithm for estimating the share of RES in the electricity consumption of a given consumer is its consideration of physical processes in the power system. The input data for the calculation are the power system parameters, the node loads (specified by capacity or schedules), as well as arrays of RES generation and centralized power supply nodes and consumers with a controlled value of the Guar-anteed Origin of electricity from RES. The voltages during the formation of the matrix of power distribu-tion coefficients at nodes along the branches of the power grid are determined by the calculation results of the power grid steady-state modes or by experimental measurement data. The method's efficacy and the accuracy of estimating the RES share in the power consumption of a given consumer are verified and demonstrated through a practical example. Determination of the share of the consumer's electricity con-sumption, which origin from renewable sources can be guaranteed, creates an enabling environment that would foster producers and consumers to increase the use of renewable energy sources and promotes the development of the green energy market. Ref. 18. Fig.3.

Integrating non-dispatchable renewable energy sources (RES) such as wave farms into electric power systems presents inherent challenges. Specifically, the variability of the resource and its non-dispatchable) nature introduces power imbalances and power system stability problems in the system over both short and medium terms. This issue is particularly relevant for isolated power systems, such as those found on several European islands, where interconnection with the mainland is lacking. Therefore, although wave energy has significant potential for integration into island power systems due to resource availability, determining the maximum RES penetration that such systems can sustain while maintaining stability is not straightforward. Power system stability is closely tied to frequency. A well-established solution for improving the stability of isolated systems when integrating non-dispatchable RES is to install devices capable of responding to over- or under-frequency events, such as energy storage systems (ESS). The literature extensively discusses ESS control techniques for frequency regulation, with one of the most straightforward approaches being to operate the ESS according to a droop control strategy (similar to a statism). In this method, the power dispatched or stored by the ESS increases proportionally to the deviation from the frequency reference value. This paper presents a case study analyzing the frequency stability of an island power system equipped with an energy storage system (ESS) when integrating a wave farm. Frequency stability is evaluated based on two variables: wave energy penetration and the ESS droop control parameter. The case study is based on the island of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain), an isolated electrical system with a very high penetration of RES. The island’s electrical generation system consists of a wind farm, a pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant, and conventional generation from a diesel power plant. The analysis is conducted through simulations in MATLAB Simulink. A wave farm is modeled to evaluate the generated power and its associated oscillations, based on the wave energy resource at various locations along El Hierro’s coast. Additionally, an aggregated inertial dynamic model of the electrical power system is employed to assess the impact of the wave energy farm's generation on the system’s frequency and the aging that the frequency excursions introduce in the elements of the system. The Spanish Grid Code is considered to ensure compliance with frequency regulation mechanisms in isolated systems. Simulations are performed across different scenarios, varying both the nominal power of the wave farm and the ESS droop control parameter, in order to evaluate the ESS capacity. The results identify the optimal droop control parameter for each wave farm size to ensure frequency remains within acceptable thresholds. Furthermore, the minimum ESS capacity required for each wave farm size is determined from the simulations. These findings provide a basis for ESS and wave farm dimensioning, which could be translated into economic terms to maximize revenue (this aspect is beyond the scope of the present work).

In the last decade in Europe, the power generated by Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has significantly increased. For the electric power system, the integration of a high amount of power generated by RES represents a big challenge. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) may help to solve problems related to the grid integration of RES. In this study, an analysis of the benefits that a planned and dedicated Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (A‐CAES) system may provide to a distribution network with a high penetration of RES will be carried out. The A‐CAES system, taken into account in this investigation, is based on the proposed German study so‐called “ADELE project”. The technical benefits as well as the corresponding costs that A‐CAES brings to the system which were analyzed using the load and RES generation time series for 2010 and 2020, and were based on technical data from a selected part of a German distribution power network, were evaluated and results of those broad investigations are presented in this study. The result of the investigations shows that the direct technical benefits are quite limited for the A‐CAES technology as it exists today.

Economic growth and CO2 emissions are closely linked to energy consumption. Energy transition towards renewable energy sources (RES) and improving energy efficiency are crucial to combating global warming. EU member states are striving to reduce CO2 emissions while supporting economic growth. However, it is necessary to develop an understanding of how both gross domestic product (GDP) level and RES share affect energy efficiency and CO2 emissions. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of the GDP level and the renewable energy sources (RES) share on CO2 emissions, energy efficiency, and economic growth in European Union states. The study employs structural equation modelling (SEM) using the partial least squares (PLS) method. The analysis is based on data collected from Eurostat, the OECD and other sources covering the period 2004-2023.The paper constitutes a substantial contribution to the body of literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the impact of GDP level and the share of renewable energy sources (RES) on CO2 emissions, taking into account energy efficiency and urbanisation as key factors. The study revealed that a high level of GDP combined with a high share of RES in the energy mix is conducive to a more effective reduction of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, urbanisation has a varying impact on economic growth depending on the level of GDP and the share of RES. This points to the need to take the state’s specifics into account when developing energy policies. The findings may provide policymakers with some guidelines when shaping energy and environmental strategies in EU states.

The growing share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is rising the amount of curtailed energy to preserve grid security. With the aim of evaluating a complementary storage solution to electric batteries for both new and revamping RES power plants, this study investigates the performance of a Thermally Integrated Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (TI-PTES) system integrated with a Photovoltaic (PV) power plant aimed to enhance the energy self-sufficiency of small-scale users. The assessment is carried out for a case study characterized by a demand of electricity, heating and cooling that vary throughout the year. The studied PTES system is based on the integration of a High Temperature Heat Pump (HTHP), two Thermal Energy Storage (TES) sections and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant. Results show the influence of the main design parameters, such as PV size, HTHP size and TES capacities on the overall system performance, evaluated by means of the energy self-sufficiency, energy self-consumption, round-trip efficiency, Levelized Cost of Storage and the Grid Impact indicator, which quantifies the energy exchanges with the grid (feed-ins and withdrawals) to the overall user demand. The influence of seasonality on the energy performance indicators was studied as well. For the case study considered, the best combination of design parameters for the PV-PTES system is identified with reference to a PV plant whose yearly energy production equals the energy demand and for a 55 kWe High Temperature Heat Pump, a 10 kW ORC and a storage volume of 48 m3 for each of the two TES units. The PTES system is characterized by a LCOS of 0.72 $/kWh, a round-trip efficiency of 28.2 % and its integration offers several advantages over the use of a PV plant without any storage section. In particular, the PTES unit leads to a substantial increase in the self-sufficiency, within the range 1–14 %, and a considerable decrease of the grid impact indicator, within the range 2–28 %.

The share of renewable energy sources (RES) in energy production processes is growing every day in many countries. Globally, there is a very pronounced tendency to eliminate fossil fuels for energy production, which are replaced by RES. The path to decarbonization involves the successive reduction of fossil fuels and their replacement by RES. One of the possibilities of using RES, which could be used in co-firing processes with coal, is biomass obtained from fast-growing woody species, such as poplars and willows. Willows, as effective hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, successfully remediate the soil, producing biomass that can be used in energy production, both independently and through co-firing with coal. The aim of this paper is to determine the energy potential of contaminated willow biomass, as well as to determine the most favourable type of willow that would be used to improve the calorific value of lignite in co-firing processes, in different percentage ratios. The biomass obtained from willows contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and As) is characterized by a higher calorific value than the value of the examined lignite samples. Two types of willows, basket willow (Salix viminalis) and white willow (S. alba), clone B-44, as well as three coal samples, sampled from three different locations in Kolubara Mining Basin, Elektroprivreda Srbije AD, were examined. The obtained results indicate the dependence of the calorific value of lignite on the coal deposit, while the calorific value of willow depends on the type of willow. White willow (clone B-44) has a higher energy potential than basket willow, and co-firing processes are economically justified, if lower percentage ratios (about 10%) of biomass were used.

After successfully biding to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, Chinese sports development opened a new chapter and the mission of universities host sporting events and the activities is becoming more difficult. Large-scale activities hosted in universities have features including a wide-ranging, complex factor, multi-stage, and so on. Risk is everywhere. Based on the crisis spread theory made by Steven Fink, the paper divides the risk decision-making system into four phases and makes the risk assessment decision using a comprehensive method of decision tree analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the paper makes a risk decision-making empirical analysis of Beijing University of Technology hosted large-scale activities of C in the venue.