Multi-resolution modeling of complex and detailed cultural heritage

Bergama'da 1878 de Carl Humann tarafindan arkeolojik kazilarin baslatilmasi ve her gecen gun onemli buluntularin ortaya cikmasi kentin baskin olarak arkeolojik ozellikleriyle anilmasi­ni saglamis ve saglamaktadir. Ornegin 1968 yilina ait imar planinda arkeolo­jik alan uzerinde yer alan geleneksel kent do­kusunun dondurularak gelismesinin kisitlan­masi ve zamanla bu alanlarin bosaltilarak arke­olojik kazilara terk edilmesi ongorulmustur. Antikcag yapilarina verilen onem, diger taraf­tan geleneksel konutlarin muhafazasina do­layli olarak katkida bulunmus; geleneksel ko­nut dokusu altindaki antik kentin zarar gorme­mesi icin, var olan yapilasma dondurulmus; yeni yapilasmalar icin bu alanlar disinda, gele­neksel dokunun guneyinde yeni iskân alanlari acilmistir. 1976 tarihinde Bergama'nin alanlari ve sinirlari Gayrimenkul Eski Eserler ve Anitlar Yuksek Kurulunca (GEEAYK) tescil edilmistir. ilani kararini takiben, Berga­ma'nin antik Pergamon kentinin kalintilari uze­rinde gelismis belli alanlari, korunmasi gerekli kentsel dokuya sahip olmasi nedeniyle ve Arkeolojik olarak 1983 yilin­da tescil edilmis ve 1984'te tekrar degerlendi­rilmistir, Bergama gibi cok katmanli kentlerde, tanimi konana kadar gecen surede, kurullari tarafindan yanlis ka­rarlarin alinmasinin yani sira tereddutler, dola­yisiyla karar uretememe durumlari soz konu­su olmustur. Bu tikaniklik, SIT tanimindan 20 yil sonra 1993'te Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Yuksek Kurulunun ilke kararindaki tanimi ve ko­sullarinin belirlenmesiyle asilmistir. Bergama'da da koruma amacli imar planina kadar gecerli olacak gecis donemi yapilas­ma kosullari m belirleyen karar, ilanindan 18 yil sonra, 2001 yilinda kentin bu alanlarinin, Izmir 2 numarali Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Kurulunca Kentsel Arkeolo­jik olarak ilan edilmesiyle alinmistir. Bu karara gore Bergama kenti alanlari. Kent­sel SIT, 1. derece SIT, 2. derece ve 3. derece olarak tanimlanmistir. Bu kararlar sonucunda, alani icinde yer atan evler, onarim dahi yapilamayan, harap an­cak ozgun yapilar olarak gunumuze ulasmistir. Kentin guneyinde yeni yapilasma alanlarinin olusturulmasindan sonra, alani icindeki geleneksel dokuda, evlerini birakmak isteme­yen, apartman yasamina uyum saglayamayan ve eski komsuluk iliskilerini surdurmek iste­yen yasli nufus kalmistir. Bu geleneksel doku­nun diger kullanicilari ise civar koylerden gelip buraya yerlesen dusuk gelir grubuna ait kulla­nicilardir. kultur varliklari envanter calismasiyla kentte harap fakat ozgun olarak gunumuze ulasmis onemli sayida konut oldugu, pek cok konutun enderlik degeri tasidigi ortaya kon­mustur. Bergama (izmir) Kultur Varliklari En­vanter Projesinin ucuncu ve son donem calis­masi 6-17 Eylul 2005 tarihlerinde Bergama da gerceklestirilen alan calismasiyla tamamlan­mistir. Pek cok uygarligi iceren, cok katmanli bir kent olan Bergama'da, sinirlan ve tanimi, bu envanter calismasi­nin basladigi 2003 yilindaki degisiklikler disin­da, Mart 2004 te izmir 2 numarali Kultur ve Ta­biat Varliklari Koruma Kurulunda alinan kararla, Kentsel + 3. derece olarak degistirilmis ve sinin guneye, Gazipasa Mahal­lesine dogru genisletilmistir (lev. 1: sek. 1). Kultur Varliklarinin yer aldigi mahalle­ler, Bergama Cayinin kuzeyindeki alanda Ulu-cami, Talatpasa, Kurtulus mahalleleri, Berga­ma Cayinin guneyinde ise Selcuk, Barbaros, Atmaca, Islamsaray, Turabey, Inkilâp, Gazipa­sa, Ertugrul ve Zafer mahalleleridir. 2005 yilin­da, Bergama Cayinin kuzeyinde Talatpasa ve Kurtulus mahallelerinde, Bergama Cayinin gu­neyinde ise Selcuk, Atmaca, islamsaray, Tu­rabey, Inkilâp, Gazipasa, Ertugrul ve Zafer ma­hallelerinde envanter calismasi gerceklestiril­mistir (lev. 2: sek. 2). Bergama Kuttur Varliktan Envanteri yapilirken calisma alanimizin sinirlan (lev. 1: sek. 1), Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari Koruma Ku­rulu tarafindan onaylanmis sinirlari disinda, eski yerlesim dokusunu gosteren belgelerden de yararlanilarak belir­lenmistir. Bergama'da 2005 yilinda. 2003 ve 2004 yilla­rinda gerceklestirilen alan calismalarinda oldu­gu gibi Bergama Cayinin iki yakasinda, iki ayri grup tarafindan catisma gerceklestirilmistir. 6-17 Eylul 2005 tarihleri arasinda 7 kisilik ekip­le toplam 100 yapi adasinda calisilmis, 713'u anit olmak uzere, 814 adet envanter formu hazirlanmistir. 102 yapinin plan krokisi yapil­mis, 4440 adet dijital fotograf cekilmistir. Boy­lece 2003 yilindan itibaren, uc yillik envanter calismasi sonucunda 160'i yerlesme, 1501'i anit envanteri olmak uzere, toplam 1661 adet envanter formu hazirlanmis, 390 adet plan krokisi yapilmis ve 9718 adet dijital fotograf cekilmistir. kultur varliktan envanter calismasin­da, konutlarin yapim tarihleri ve mimari ozel­likleri bir arada degerlendirildiginde Berga­ma'daki konut mimarisinin gelisim sureci or­taya cikmaktadir. 2005 yilina ait alan calisma­sinda, nitelikli ve korunmaya deger Cumhuri­yet devri konut yapilarinin, onceki yillarda cali­silan alanlardakinden daha yogun olarak yer aldigi saptanmistir. Geleneksel kent dokusunun yeni yapilasma alanlariyla birlestigi yerdeki yogun yok edilisi­ne bagli olarak, kultur varligi sayisi azaldigin­dan, Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari evanteri ongorulenden daha once tamamlanmis bu­lunmaktadir. Envanteri yapilan kultur varliklari sayisi, mevcut tescilli yapi sayisinin yaklasik uc katidir. Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari envanteri dogrultusunda, alanlarinin bo­yutlarinda ve niteliklerinde degisiklikler yapil­masi gerekecektir. 2003 yilinda baslayan Bergama kentsel kultur varliklari envanter calismasi 2004 yilinda de­vam etmis ve 2005 yilinda sonuclanmistir. En­vanterlerin Kultur-Kitap veritabanina aktaril­masi ise 2006 yilinda tamamlanmistir.

The Centro di Ricerca Coordinata ‘ProgettoTarquinia’ of the Universita degli Studi di Milano is a LERU (League of European Research Universities) exemplary interdisciplinary research project that involves groups from the Universita Statale di Milano (Archaeology, Information and Communication Technologies, Geoarchaeology, Palaeoanthropology), the Politecnico di Milano (Architecture and Topography) and bridges the gap between soft and hard sciences. This project stems from the ‘Progetto Tarquinia’ conceived by Maria Bonghi Jovino in 1982. During the last ten years, our integrated system of tools and services, supported by ICTs (ArchMatrix), through which multidisciplinary domain experts can examine all the typologies of data of a given culture, has made it possible to concentrate on the links between data-sources focusing on the recurrence of association rates within different aspects of material evidence and phenomena. The fields of application of our methodology in the domain of archaeology and epigraphy are multifaceted as regards the inside and outside connections of the Tarquinian heritage, whose necropolis with the famous painted tombs is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Research includes areas of the Civita plateau: the ‘monumental complex’, the Ara della Regina sanctuary, fortifications, and archaeological sites previously explored. In the past ten years, research in the necropolis (roughly 6,000 tombs, of which 400 are painted) and in the surrounding territory has also been implemented and has produced the complete corpus of the painted tombs of Tarquinia. Our holistic approach encompasses archaeological analysis of small (mobile finds), medium (archaeological contexts) and large scale (territory and landscape) architectural analysis and applications for integrated solutions for the cultural heritage, including the first bilingual Virtual Museum dedicated to an Etruscan city.

3D Heritage Online Presenter (3DHOP) is a framework for advanced web-based visual presentations of high-resolution 3D content. Developed at the Visual Computing Lab CNR ISTI, 3DHOP was designed to cope with the specific needs of cultural heritage projects, supporting web-based publishing of very high-resolution digitized results and enabling the documentation of complex restoration actions. The present paper highlights, through some case studies (Peltuinum archaeological area, AQ, and Castillo de La Muela in Consuegra), the potentials of 3DHOP’s tools for the management of data from both active (laser scanner) and passive sensors (photogrammetry and aerophotogrammetry). In addition, problems and solutions encountered during the organization and personalization of web pages will be presented. The goal of this operation is to create a three-dimensional hub that can collect and link traditional archaeological documentation to 3D geometry.

Immediately after the earthquake, the region of Umbria and three cities (Spoleto, Narni, Foligno) agreed on setting up an «Operating Centre for the conservation and maintenance of the cultural and artistic heritage, archives and libraries», to promote activities involving the restoration and enhancement of cultural goods, and civil defence. Among these a choice of strong coordination between the State and the peripheral and territorial bodies and a systematic effort to promote maintenance and prevention, suitable to the diverse nature of our cultural heritage: a fundamental component of Italian civilization. Such choices were markedly different from the prevailing practices where the lack of such coordination and methods makes our cultural heritage more fragile and its preservation more difficult, both in day-to-day management as well as when facing recurring catastrophic events like earthquakes. This dialogue between a witness of the 1997 events and an Umbrian archaeologist retraces the development of the project, and from 2003 onwards, the progressive loss of its identity up until its present condition, which shows limited functionality compared to its 1997 objectives.

One of the provisions for being a modern country is to preserve its history and exhibit that history to the service of humanity. The preservation of ‘cultural heritage’ created directly by humans or together with nature should be the joint effort of the whole of humanity. Historical artifacts may be damaged or totally destroyed due to neglect or various natural disasters. To maintain history from the past to the present, it is necessary to determine, document, repair and preserve the current situation of these historical artifacts. Different techniques are used in the documentation of cultural heritages in parallel with technological developments. Digital terrestrial photogrammetry has become a particularly important method used in this field in recent years. This study carried out a photogrammetric survey of Hizir Ilyas Mansion, situated in the town of Erkilet in the Kocasinan district of Kayseri. The mansion is situated on a tumulus, presumably built in the Hittites era in 2000 B.C. This mansion is a prominent artifact of Seljuk civil architecture and is presumed to have been built by a person named Ilyas in the 13th century. Photogrammetric measurements of the Hizir Ilyas Mansion were conducted with the digital terrestrial photogrammetry method. Scaled drawings, three-dimensional (3D) outline drawing and 3D photo models of the mansion were acquired from the measurements. This study shows that digital terrestrial photogrammetry provides great convenience in documentation studies regarding the maintenance of cultural and historical heritage; field surveys take a short time and all other work can be completed in the office. This study shows that documentation studies can be completed quickly and cheaply with digital terrestrial photogrammetry and also demonstrates that scaled archiving of historical and cultural heritage could be conducted digitally and 3D models could be obtained. In addition, 3D animation of the mansion was constructed from “AVI” format video files after the photogrammetric assessment. Key words: Hizir Ilyas mansion, photogrammetry, documentation, Kayseri, cultural heritage.

During this globalization era management of cultural heritage has developed from management for national or government’s interest to cultural heritage management for the general public. Studies on management that includes the general public are part of studies of public archaeology, which investigate interaction between archaeology and the general public. The general public is considered able and has the right to manage their cultural heritage. The problem is how archaeology can be a necessity to the public and becomes part of their daily life. Field research shows that almost all the megalithic remains in the Pasemah area, South Sumatra, particularly the statues, are broken, and many stone burials and dolmens are taken to be used as washing boards or building foundations. This research is aimed at finding out the suitable model for public-based management of cultural heritage in the Pasemah area in particular. The method used here is descriptive-explanative, explaining the phenomenon of archaeological remains and their surroundings, conducting in-depth interviews and focused discussions with the parties that have interests in the management of the cultural heritage. The result is an understanding about involving the general public in archaeological works and making archaeology as part of the profane life. asilnya adalah sebuah pemahaman tentang pelibatan masyarakat dalam arkeologi dan menjadikan arkeologi sebagai bagian dari kehidupan yang profan. The benefit of this research is, aside from to preserve the cultural heritage of Pasemah area, is to encourage the people to be proud of their culture as part of the national identity.

In this paper, we present an end-to-end pipeline for the online reconstruction of large-scale outdoor environments and tightly confined indoor spaces using a low-cost consumer-level hand-held RGB-D sensor. While scanning, the user sees a live view of the current reconstruction, allowing him to intervene immediately and to adapt the sensor path to the current scanning result. After a raw reconstruction has been acquired, we interactively warp the digital model to fit a geo-referenced map using a handle based deformation paradigm. Even large sites can be scanned within a few minutes, and no costly postprocessing is required. We developed our prototype in cooperation with researchers from the field of ancient history and geography and extensively tested the system under real world conditions on an archeological excavation in Metropolis, Ionia, Turkey. The quality of the acquired digitized raw 3D models is evaluated by comparing them to actual imagery and a geo-referenced map of the excavation site. Our reconstructions can be used to take virtual measurements that are often required in research and are the basis for a digital preservation of our cultural heritage. In addition, digital models are a helpful tool for teaching as well as for edutainment purposes making such information accessible to the general public.

Since archaeology in particular and humanities in general are interdisciplinary disciplines, there is an imperious need to enhance the accessibility and harmonise data integration, given their varied resource types (books, archives, scientific data, GIS, 3D models etc) and their different conceptual and technological structures and standards. A factor that further reduces accessibility and query performances is related to storing, such as physical location of data, language, and interface. The advent of Semantic Web technology represents an important advance in creating networks of archaeological knowledge based on various resources available on-line. While the valuable use of CIDOC-CRM (Comite International pour la Documentation -Conceptual Reference Model) ontology for specific CH (Cultural Heritage) domains (e.g. museums, libraries, etc) has been partially demonstrated, the interdisciplinary implementations are limited. In this article, we explore the potential of the CIDOC-CRM for a cross-domain implementation of CH data integration. We conducted tha mappings of different on-line resources related to Stonehenge to CIDOC-CRM, and evaluated them in the MAD database, a web-based application that manages natively XML-based datasets. The result ensures the validity of mapping mechanism and the semantic integration of CH data from different sources.

In this work we tried to infer the settlement rules and archaeological site patterns in pilot coastal area with high “archaeological potential” through the analysis of the spatial relationships between landform unit maps deriving from a GIS-supported procedure of landform extraction integrated with geomorphological analyses and archaeological evidence. This approach has been tested in the coastal Ionian sector of the Basilicata region, where a detailed geoarchaeological research has been carried out in the frame of the multidisciplinary MeTIBas project (the Italian acronyms for Innovative Methods and Technologies for the Cultural Heritages in the Basilicata region), funded by the European Community. The study area extends on the southernmost part of the Bradano Foredeep, southern Italy, and roughly coincides with the Greek settlement territory of Metaponto and its Chora (the area of influence of Greek colonists). Archaeological investigations, regarding about 1400 sites, consisted of a re-examination of literature data and new field surveys. The relationships between landscape elements deriving from the procedure here proposed and archaeological sites have been statistically investigated to derive settlement patterns and rules. Results highlight a preferential distribution of the identified categories of archaeological sites on gently-dipping marine terrace surfaces and near their edges, thus implying that settlement dynamics of the Metaponto territory partially driven by the topographic position.

This article addresses a project aimed to the diffusion of the Capilla de San Marcos cultural heritage. The project for this chapel, also called Capilla del Monumento de la Catedral del Salvador de Zaragoza, is based on augmented reality. After studying its history and researching on this cultural object, metric and graphic digitization were carried out by using reverse engineering, laser scanner and photogrammetry techniques. Processing that information thanks to new technologies has allowed generating methodological conclusions that focus on the creation of a museographic product about this singular place that will be helpful to understand the monument's historical and artistical context and, of course, to contribute to the Spanish heritage diffusion.

Description: The history of the Caribbean world is inseparable from its relationship to space, perceived or imagined. It begins with the ambition to conquer the world through a spatial representation seeking the artistic talent of seafarers. Since the time of conquest, this “other” space—at times superimposed on the space of the other—is subject to the imperative to possess a terra incognita, whose supposed virginity stirs all desires, as evidenced by the America of Van der Straet. Thus, through its many spaces of inscription, the map is both real and unreal. It lies at the edge of supposedly incompatible universes invoking eminently complex topologies. Firstly, because the very concept of a map invokes an ambition that is a priori excessive: that of representing the deployment of a multidimensional world, in perpetual evolution, through a two-dimensional representation that is tangible and temporarily fixed. Secondly, because this navigational tool, a real one—transmitted from generation to generation—has undergone a multitude of substantial mutations that have profoundly modified, in turn, the extent and quality of our relationship to the world. Any change of this order reminds us, whenever it occurs, how much we can reside in the unreal. This paradoxical aspect must certainly not make us forget the primary purpose of the map, which no longer needs further proof: to allow humankind to situate itself in a geographical, topological, or even cultural space, and to discover others. Over the course of explorations, the civilizations of the world consequently faced the same question of identity with more or less success: where are we and where can we go from here? [. . .] [. . .] Contributions to this multidisciplinary workshop may take the form of a 25-minute academic paper followed by a 15-minute discussion. The field of intervention encompasses visual and fine arts, languages, literature, civilization, history, geography, and the fields of human and social sciences. The exchanges may be structured around pictorial, sculptural, or performative works—not excluding other modes of expression likely to amplify the scope of the artistic message, such as poetry. Artists wishing to participate in this meeting will have the opportunity to exhibit two or three works that resonate with the chosen theme. Send the title of the presentation, an abstract, and a bio-bibliographic note by February 10, 2018, to Frederic Lefrancois, coordinator of the research forum, to the following address: frederic.lefrancois@outlook.fr

DANAM is the Digital Archive for Nepalese Art and Monuments and the heart of the Nepal Heritage Documentation Project (NHDP), located at the Heidelberg Centre of Transcultural Studies (HCTS) and the Academy of Sciences (AdW) and operated in cooperation with Saraf Foundation and the Department of Archaeology, Nepal. The database offers visual and textual documentation of heritage monuments, which are threatened by urbanisation and natural disasters. Data sets contain structured information on the monuments, i.e. details of their location, history, architectural structure, and religious and social activities. It presents photographs, maps, plans and drawings, transcriptions of inscriptions, and historical and anthropological reports. Descriptions are available in both English and Nepali. References to scholarly documentation and resources enable further research interests to be explored. DANAM is based on Arches (v.4), an open-source, geospatially-enabled software platform for cultural heritage inventory and management, developed jointly by the Getty Conservation Institute and World Monuments Fund. Funded by the British Arcadia Foundation, the entire content of DANAM is is openly accessible to the general public. A large part of the data is also stored in heidICON and heiDATA.

Previously, there was a limit to creating and disseminating value because the focus was on the intrinsic and fixed value of a single cultural heritage. However, efforts to create and increase the value of cultural heritage are currently being made in various ways. In this study, we attempted to present the concept of complex cultural heritage as a heritage whose value must be understood, including its relationships with surrounding things. Therefore, it is believed that the value of complex cultural heritage can be created, accumulated, and increased. And it showed that values can be passed down through education. In this study, an attempt was made to present the concept of complex cultural heritage and apply it to the Military Garrison in Jeongjoksanseong Fortress, Ganghwa. The Military Garrison in Jeongjoksanseong Fortress, of course, has intrinsic and fixed value as an individual cultural heritage. In addition, it was discovered that the Military Garrison in Jeongjoksanseong Fortress is a complex cultural heritage that can create value through relationships with various types of tangible and intangible cultural heritage around it. Furthermore, it was suggested that it should be viewed from the perspective of a complex cultural heritage that not only has value as a local culture but also serves as part of the unique defence system of Ganghwa Island as a whole. It was believed that the Military Garrison in Jeongjoksanseong Fortress had a high possibility of increasing its value from the perspective of this complex cultural heritage. Through the concept of complex cultural heritage applied to the Military Garrison in Jeongjoksanseong Fortress, we sought to provide a basis for viewing cultural heritage from a more diverse and broad perspective in the future.

استفاده از فناوریهای نوین نمونه سازی در بازسازی بخش های مفقود سفالینه های باستان شناسی

The research project, carried out as part of the preliminary planning for the environmental requalification of the Barignano area (Pontelatone, CE), consists in a multidisciplinary application model for the best practice of preventive archaeology. The project started thanks to a recent agreement between the Municipality of Pontelatone (CE) and the Institute for Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage (ITABC) of the Italian CNR, encharged of drawing up an archaeological map of the territory of Barignano and the surrounding territory. Recent surveys increased the knowledge about the exploitation of the Pontelatone district since prehistoric times and defined a more articulated settlement model of the perifluvial part of the territory, providing it with a different economic position in the ancient world. Research data, confronted with geographically and historically comparable areas, propose a new territorial and economic development model for the areas located on the Volturno river, both in Roman and in earlier periods. Starting from archive research and published scientific literature, the survey was supported by remote sensing data and new software to map land markers - both historical and archaeological - and for their 3D representation. The dataset have been organized in different topics and informative layers on a GIS platform. The survey and the interpretation of remote sensing data provided new elements for the topography of the area. Traces that suggest a different environmental model for some regions of the Volturno plain have been identified. Furthermore, today’s research supported by targeted geophysical surveys represents an actual prospect for future research.