Multiphase Flow Modeling - Validation and Application CRADA MC94-019, Final Report

This article examines 582 cooperative research and development agreements (CRDAs) between federal (Air Force) agencies and other partners. Those CRDAs that exchange technology in novel phases of development tend to be long in duration relative to agreements that share mature technology. While novel projects could just take longer to complete, the findings also suggest that holdup risks increase in novelty. The geographic proximity of partners also affects CRDA duration positively, which is consistent with higher levels of tacit technology exchange. Repeat CRDAs tend to be shorter in duration, which is evidence of reputation effects. Duration of CRDAs decreases over time, which supports the argument that organizational form familiarity reduces the risks of negotiating agreements. In addition, CRDAs complement other modes of governance and methods to finance innovation. Cooperative research and development agreements with for‐profit partners are nearly 50 percent shorter than those with nonprofit p...

: The term 'Cooperative Research and Development Agreement' means any agreement between one or more Federal laboratories and one or more non-Federal parties under which the Government, through its laboratories, provides personnel, services, facilities, equipment, or other resources with or without reimbursement (but not funds to non-Federal parties) and the non-Federal parties provide funds, personnel, services, facilities, equipment, or other resources toward the conduct of specified research or development efforts which are consistent with the missions of the laboratory; except that such term does not include a procurement contract or cooperative agreement as those terms are used in Sections 6303, 6304, and 6305 of Title 31, U.S. Code.

Researchers at the Department of Energy (DOE) facilities at Oak Ridge perform a variety of basic and applied research involving lasers and laser technology. One of the major strengths at Oak Ridge is the combination of core capabilities in optical materials, optical diagnostics, and sensors. Communities benefiting from these core capabilities include environmental, biomedical, and industrial sponsors. Industry can interact with Oak Ridge in a variety of ways; with Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs), through Work for Others (WFO) programs, and as User Center participants. Oak Ridge is also active in sponsoring workshops and symposia for industrial participants like the recently held (December 1993) “Optical Diagnostics in Manufacturing and Process Control” symposium. In this paper, an overview of a selection of laser technologies residing at Oak Ridge is provided. Examples of the application of these technologies are given as well as overviews of several on-going CRADAs with industrial partners.

Silevo and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are entering into a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) in order to perform validation testing of Silevo's Photovoltaic (PV) modules through the Department of Energy (DOE) Regional Test Center (RTC) program. This CRADA describes testing activities conducted specifically at the NREL-managed Colorado RTC site.

Since the late 1980s, the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) has been a prominent vehicle used to support collaboration between US federal laboratories and private firms. This paper examines the structure and goals of one of the most ambitious CRADAs conducted to date, the EUV CRADA, which involves three Department of Energy laboratories and leading US firms in the semiconductor industry and is aimed at the development of next-generation lithographic technologies. This large project is an important case study in ‘post-Cold-War’ technology policy and government-industry collaboration. Although the EUV project represents significant improvements in the design and management of CRADAs, it also illustrates the inherent difficulties of balancing political and economic goals in complex technology development programs.

Because of the potential economic and safety benefits of the molten salt reactor (MSR) concept, development of several designs has been initiated around the world over the past decade. New international nuclear safeguards needs and verification challenges are likely to arise because of the commercial interests in MSRs and the number of MSR design variants. As a result, work was undertaken to explore the cross-cutting issues specific to the application of international nuclear safeguards (i.e., safeguards) to liquid-fueled molten salt reactors (LFMSRs). Through a public-private partnership, a report was developed that focuses on the TerraPower Molten Chloride Fast Reactor (MCFR) design that has received a funding award from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy. The report is intended to provide a preliminary analysis for a safeguards-by-design (SBD) effort to inform designers about how safeguards could be applied to LFMSRs by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).Although the report specifically focuses on the TerraPower design, the conclusions are applicable to the main design features of LFMSRs and can be used to extrapolate how existing IAEA safeguards measures for other fuel cycle facilities can be appropriately applied or modified. The report evaluates the appropriate safeguards approaches for LFMSRs, presents existing safeguards inspection technologies are still valid for LFMSRs, and identifies new challenges that will require novel measurement instruments to meet verification standards of the IAEA and the international safeguards regime. This document summarizes the results of the work performed under the full report developed as part of the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA). This summary does not contain any protected CRADA information and is intended for public release.

This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) has been a three-year collaboration among the Y-12 Plant Development Division, Blasch Precision Ceramics, Inc., and Surface Alloys, Inc. The purpose of the CRADA was to evaluate the production of a totally new crucible that would be noncarbon and that could perform like graphite. The effort required materials fabricated into a workable crucible. The goal was to produce a crucible that could be induction heated and allow melting of reactive metals without appreciable carbon contamination. The US Department of Energy programs involving casting uranium and its alloys have long been concerned with reducing deleterious carbon pickup that results from the use of graphite crucibles. Therefore, the results of this CRADA provide an alternative that can eliminate carbon pickup from the graphite crucible.

Waste Management Inc. and the USEPA are jointly studying landfill bioreactors through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) at the Outer Loop landfill in Louisville, KY. The study is evaluating two types of landfill bioreactor technology; aerobic-anaerobic and facultative. The aerobic-anaerobic landfill bioreactor (AALB) process being evaluated involves treating the waste aerobically for a short period followed by anaerobic operation. Duplicate six-acre AALB cells are being studied as they are being filled with waste. The waste density, measured as mass placed over volume consumed, has increased between 14 and 27 percent. Initial densities of 1400 to 1550 lbs/yd 3 have been increased to 1840 lbs/yd 3 in one case and 1560 lb/yd 3 in the other. The facultative landfill bioreactor (FLB) is designed to remove nitrogen from the landfill by external leachate nitrification followed by in situ denitrification of the treated leachate in the landfil. In 2000, a 5-year-old subtitle D landfill was retrofitted to evaluate the FLB process. Since liquid injection began in 2001, the waste density in the FLB has increased by 120 lbs/yd 3 to 1620 lbs/yd 3 . Verification of changes in the municipal solid waste (MSW) has been performed by collecting and analyzing samples of the waste mass over the life of the project. Changes in the cellulose, volatile solids, biochemical methane potential and lignin content of the waste are consistent with the observed increase in density. While the study has at least two more years before the research agreement is complete, this initial work supports predictions that significant gains in airspace are attainable with bioreactor technology. The solid waste industry has projected airspace gains of as much as 30 percent over the life of a bioreactor project.

Based on previous demonstrated success at fabricating 5 and 10 kW scale magnetic gearbox (MGB) prototypes, Emrgy and its partners (the project team) proposed to design and construct a 100 kW scale MGB with a 30:1 gear ratio for the low-head hydro applications. The Statement of Project Objectives included tasks covering: 1) Market Applicability; 2) Technical Metrics; 3) Design (initial); 4) Electromagnetic (EM) Load and Structural Analysis; 5) Modal Analysis; 6) Sealing Design and 7) Final Design during Budget Period 1. Budget Period 2 included tasks covering: 1) Materials Procurement and Test Plan Development; 2) Assembly; and 3) Testing. The Market Applicability study (Task 1) led to a clear conclusion and recommendation toward “Low Head” technologies for maximum market share of both New Stream Reach development as well as powering Non-Powered Dams. The findings of this study also identified the opportunity for a larger scale magnetic gearbox-based drive train as a function of increased torque, as opposed to increased speed. The Technical Metrics Study (Task 2) concluded a horizontal orientation was preferred, examined potential loss mechanisms, concluded that a Halbach Array1 magnetic design was preferred, established a 30:1 gear ratio as optimal, and established a power rating of 100 kW as optimal. The subsequent initial and final detailed design process included electro-magnetic (EM) load and structural analysis (Task 4), a Modal analysis (for vibration) (Task 5), and a sealing design (Task 6) to assure water impermeability. The final design package (Task 7) included 729 individual parts, 117 unique part numbers, and 15 assemblies. In order to facilitate procurement, the full bill of materials was broken down into several sub-components: 1) custom magnetic parts; 2) custom machined parts; 3) custom casted parts; and 4) commercial off the shelf (COTS) parts. The casted parts were fabricated by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) via a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Emrgy and funded by the Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO). The procurement effort (Task 8) ultimately covered three time periods based on challenges encountered in meeting the budgeted cost for the prototype. Following the first effort in the early stages of Budget Period 2 in 2017, a no-cost time extension was granted to seek alternative fabrication and procurement options. The project was re-booted in 2020 based on the new ORNL CRADA that would focus on five (5) of the more difficult and expensive parts using their advanced manufacturing expertise. Procurement efforts for the other custom machined parts resulted in quotations that still exceeded the budget by more than $100k. This was, in part, also due to the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic that caused both supply chain disruptions and labor shortages. As the project continued, pricing and availability degraded further. In Q2 FY’22, it was decided to not proceed with the fabrication of the prototype (Task 9) based on budgetary limitations. Outcomes included a full and detailed design of a 100 kW magnetic gearbox and associated indented bill of materials (BOM) and CAD drawings, a full assembly instruction manual with an associated BOM for materials necessary to support assembly, the fabrication of the double Halbach magnetic array for the rotor/stator system, fabrication of five (5) sand-casted/machined parts (via CRADA with ORNL) and an initial draft of a comprehensive testing plan. The most significant non-outcome was the actual fabrication and testing of the prototype gearbox based on budget limitations. Lessons learned included the need for an Application / Design / Cost trade analysis to better elucidate the cost potential of the MGB in the projected volumes anticipated for future demand. This would better establish the efficacy of the original cost target ($0.80/Watt) and/or the need for reconsideration of designs and applications. Likewise, additional consideration of the prototype nature of the gearbox – single use, short lifetime, etc. - either as a separate exercise or in place of the design process completed, to reduce the cost of the demonstration prototype device. Additionally, project continuity was cited as a significant risk based on the loss of the primary design engineering firm after Budget Period 1. A design analysis exercise was conducted at the conclusion of the project to identify potential areas for cost reduction. One concept considered was the removal of the inner ring of magnets (with associated changes in the outer ring magnets) to enable a horizontal collapse of the design. It was estimated this could reduce cost by 10-25% without impacting performance.

Cyclophosphamide and Fludarabine Conditioning Chemotherapy Induces a Key Homeostatic Cytokine Profile in Patients Prior to CAR T Cell Therapy

American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to build a quantitative Alzheimer’s Disease Model. AAPS is seeking fellows who are interested in applying quantitative ‘learning’ approaches for solving drug development and regulatory challenges. Specifically, the incumbent will work with the FDA Pharmacometrics group (Silver Spring, MD, USA) to develop and apply Alzheimer’s Disease Model to drug development. The fellowship is for 2 years. Requirements include an earned Pharm.D., Ph.D., M.D. or other professional doctorate related to pharmaceutical sciences or statistics. Clinical and pharmaceutical scientists with a good knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, an experience in mixed effects modeling including software skills (SAS, Splus, NONMEM, etc) or a statistician with a good knowledge of trial design and analyses principles with an interest in advanced innovative methods to explore clinical trial data are eligible for this fellowship. Proficiency with standard software (NONMEM, SAS or SPlus/R) is a must. This fellowship could also be a good opportunity for academicians who are willing to take 2 years of sabbatical leave. Good communication and writing skills are critical. Opportunities to learn and contribute in a dynamic team, to gain first-hand experience with regulatory aspects of Pharmacometrics, and to conduct and publish research in related areas are abundant. Candidates will need to be US permanent residents or citizens. Please forward your resume to: AAPS Attention: CRADA—Alzheimer’s Disease Model 2107 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 700 Arlington, VA 22201 crada@aaps.org www.aapspharmaceutica.com/crada Deadline for submissions: June 30, 2008

American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to build a quantitative Alzheimer’s Disease Model. AAPS is seeking fellows who are interested in applying quantitative ‘learning’ approaches for solving drug development and regulatory challenges. Specifically, the incumbent will work with the FDA Pharmacometrics group (Silver Spring, MD, USA) to develop and apply Alzheimer’s Disease Model to drug development. The fellowship is for 2 years. Requirements include an earned Pharm.D., Ph.D., M.D. or other professional doctorate related to pharmaceutical sciences or statistics. Clinical and pharmaceutical scientists with a good knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, an experience in mixed effects modeling including software skills (SAS, Splus, NONMEM, etc) or a statistician with a good knowledge of trial design and analyses principles with an interest in advanced innovative methods to explore clinical trial data are eligible for this fellowship. Proficiency with standard software (NONMEM, SAS or SPlus/R) is a must. This fellowship could also be a good opportunity for academicians who are willing to take 2 years of sabbatical leave. Good communication and writing skills are critical. Opportunities to learn and contribute in a dynamic team, to gain first-hand experience with regulatory aspects of Pharmacometrics, and to conduct and publish research in related areas are abundant. Candidates will need to be US permanent residents or citizens. Please forward your resume to: AAPS Attention: CRADA—Alzheimer’s Disease Model 2107 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 700 Arlington, VA 22201 crada@aaps.org http://www.aapspharmaceutica.com/crada Deadline for submissions: June 30, 2008

Researchers at the Department of Energy (DOE) facilities at Oak Ridge perform a variety of basic and applied research involving lasers and laser technology. One of the major strengths at Oak Ridge is the combination of core capabilities in optical materials, optical diagnostics, and sensors. Communities benefiting from these core capabilities include environmental, biomedical, and industrial sponsors. Industry can interact with Oak Ridge in a variety of ways: with Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs), through Work for Others (WFO) programs, and as User Center participants. Oak Ridge is also active in sponsoring workshops and symposia for industrial participants like the Optical Diagnostics in Manufacturing and Process Control symposium held in December 1993. In this paper, an overview of a selection of laser technologies residing at Oak Ridge is provided. Examples of the application of these technologies are given as well as overviews of several on‐going CRADAs with industrial partners.

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) NFE-18-07313 between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Nth Cycle Inc. focused on developing a technology for sustainable recycling of rare earth and specialty metals (e.g., Y, Co, Li; RESE), as well as bulk and precious metals from industrial manufacturing and waste streams through the use of electrochemical carbon nanotube-enabled filters. The project outcome was expected to be a stronger mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical recovery of metals from real manufacturing process streams and e-waste streams, and the development of an optimized high-throughput pilot-scale device ready for commercialization. Testing, design, and development of a v1 prototype to prove the technology was unsuccessful (we were not able to reach the go/no-go outlined in Objective 1) and we were unable to continue our redesign due to COVID-19 lockdown and no access to lab from March 2020 – until our graduation from the program.

American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to build a quantitative Alzheimer’s Disease Model. AAPS is seeking fellows who are interested in applying quantitative ‘learning’ approaches for solving drug development and regulatory challenges. Specifically, the incumbent will work with the FDA Pharmacometrics group (Silver Spring, MD, USA) to develop and apply Alzheimer’s Disease Model to drug development. The fellowship is for 2 years. Requirements include an earned Pharm.D., Ph.D., M.D. or other professional doctorate related to pharmaceutical sciences or statistics. Clinical and pharmaceutical scientists with a good knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles, an experience in mixed effects modeling including software skills (SAS, Splus, NONMEM, etc) or a statistician with a good knowledge of trial design and analyses principles with an interest in advanced innovative methods to explore clinical trial data are eligible for this fellowship. Proficiency with standard software (NONMEM, SAS or SPlus/R) is a must. This fellowship could also be a good opportunity for academicians who are willing to take 2 years of sabbatical leave. Good communication and writing skills are critical. Opportunities to learn and contribute in a dynamic team, to gain first-hand experience with regulatory aspects of Pharmacometrics, and to conduct and publish research in related areas are abundant. Candidates will need to be US permanent residents or citizens. Please forward your resume to: AAPS Attention: CRADA—Alzheimer’s Disease Model 2107 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 700 Arlington, VA 22201 crada@aaps.org http://www.aapspharmaceutica.com/crada Deadline for submissions: June 30, 2008