Multivariate Analysis of Variance

Samples (0.5 m 2 ) were taken from the South Llano River, Kimble County, Tex., to determine inter- and intraspecific differences in microhabitat association for the three most abundant species of Naucoridae. Various aspects of substratum condition, current speed, temperature, depth, as well as complex key hydraulic features, were used to characterize the microhabitat for each sample. Eight species of naucorids occur in the river; however, only Ambrysus circumcinctus Montandon, Cryphocricos hungerfordi Usinger, and Limnocoris lutzi La Rivers occurred with sufficient frequency in our samples to allow statistical analysis. None of the three species exhibited age-related differences in microhabitat association based on multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and none of the examined abiotic variables yielded significant differences between nymphs and adults when analyzed from a univariate perspective except Froude number for L. lutzi . Both A. circumcinctus and C. hungerfordi exhibited highly significant differences (MANOVA) in abiotic characteristics between quadrats of occurrence and nonoccurrence. Results of individual analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that 9 of the 10 abiotic variables were significant for A. circumcinctus and 8 for C. hungerfordi . In contrast, quadrats where L. lutzi occurred could not be distinguished from those in which it was absent based on MANOVA, and only two abiotic variables exhibited significance in the ANOVAs. Associations between age groups (nymphs and adults) within a species and between all possible species pairs (combined age groups) also were evaluated with contingency X2 tests using presence-absence data and with Pearson's product–moment correlations using density data. In all cases, significant negative associations were not detected, suggesting that neither age groups nor species exhibit microhabitat segregation. Discriminant function analysis for each species supported MANOVA results on presence–absence data. Separate multiple step-up regressions were used to evaluate which abiotic factors were most related to the density for each species. Significant variables included mean current speed, which accounted for 23.8% of the variation in density of A. circumcinctus ; rock standard error of the mean, which accounted for 43.1% of the variation in density of C. hungerfordi ; Froude number and depth range, which together accounted for 39.0% of the variation in densitiy of L. lutzi . In summary, each common naucorid clearly shows microhabitat associations, but the evidence of interspecific differences is indirect.

Objective To investigate the statistical.method for analyzing nurse job burnout Data. Methods Hotelling T2 test and multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA)were used to analyze nurse job burnout datum. Results There was statistical significance between different cities,different ethnieities in the personal achievements,hut from three dimensions of the whole job burnout,there are no statistical sig-nificant differences among different cities, different ethnicities and different ages. Conclusions The use of Hotelling T2 test and multivariate analysis of variance to analyzing nurse job burnout data, not only ob-tain overall conclusion, and further use of single-variable analysis may also gain comparative results of each dimensions. Key words: Job burnout; Hotelling T2 test; Multivariate analysis of variance

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate group counselors’ counter transference reactions toward their clients who provoked the counselors’ strong emotions in a counseling group and the related factors as family-of-origin experience and training level in Taiwan. Using the Ratings of Emtional Attitudes to Client by Therapist Scale (REACT) and the Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS), 73 group counselors in Taiwan reported their counter transference and family-of-origin experiences in this study. The factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha (, and split-half correlation revealed overall acceptable validity and high reliability of the Chinese version of the REACT and FOS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data collection. The major findings were as follows: (a) novice counselors reported significantly stronger counter transference feelings than the experienced counselors; (b)novice counselors perceived early family experiences similarly to experienced counselors, however, on the “acceptance of loss” factor the experienced counselors reported better family experiences than did novice counselors; (c) counselors who perceived better or worse family-of-origin experiences did not have did not have different counter transference experiences in group counseling; and (d) counter transference scores were significantly affected by training level; the four FOS factor and hours of counseling experience did make a contribution to the prediction of the REACT scores, but the contribution was not unique. Factor IV (trust) of the FOS was the only predictor at the significance level of .05 on countertransference reaction. These findings may be useful for counselor educators, counseling researchers, and counselors to emphasize the counter transference phenomenon and family background in counseling. Recommendations were provided fro future studies which would be important in developing instruments for assessing counter transference as well as improving counselor education and supervision programs in Taiwan.

The objectives of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention for reducing anxiety, enhancing self-control and improving academic performance among adolescent students. The present study consisted of 300 adolescent students in the age group of 15-18 years, selected through random sampling. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spiel berger et al. and Self-control Scale by Tangney et al. were administered to 150 boys and 150 girls and their academic scores were collected from their performance in continuous assessment. Pre-test and post-test with randomized control group design was used for the present study. MBSR was given to the students in the experimental group for a period of 8 weeks while the control group did not receive the intervention, following which a post-test was carried out. Statistical analyses such as Independent sample't' test, Paired t test, Multi variate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Multi variate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were used for this study. The results indicate that MBSR is effective for reducing anxiety, enhancing self-control and improving academic performance among adolescent students. This intervention ensured that students could use it for their well-being not only at the present, but also in the future circumstances. Therefore, MBSR may be included in the school curriculum in order to help adolescent students who cope with the expectations and challenges of educational demands.

Depressive symptoms and suicidality in women experiencing intimate partner violence

12 Inference and the structural model for ANOVA and MANOVA

Background: Deficiency of sleep among nurses working in shifts, results in sleepiness, fatigue, health, and safety problem, and it also can deteriorate the quality of care provision. The present study aimed to compare sleepiness and fatigue between night-shift nurses who have a 3-h nap and day-shift nurses. Methods: A prospective cohort study was done on 23 night-shift nurses with a 3-h nap and 24 day-shift nurses in Sina Hospital in Tehran (Iran) during 2015–2016. Subjective sleepiness and fatigue before and after their shifts were measured by Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI-20), respectively. Statistical analysis including independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test, multivariate analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis were performed to compare the two groups. Results: The difference in means of subjective sleepiness before and after the shifts was significantly greater among night-shift nurses having a 3-h nap (1.43±1.50) than the day-shift nurses (0.37±0.92) (P=0.007). Although after their working shifts, the night-shift nurses (1.40±2.30) were more fatigued than the day-shift ones (0.96±1.46), this was not statistically significant (P=0.81). Moreover, day or night shift working with a 3-h nap was an effective factor (P=0.015) while considering the interrelationship between sleepiness and fatigue in multivariate analysis. Discriminant analysis revealed the dominant role of subjective sleepiness in differentiating the two groups. Conclusions: Despite the 3-h nap, subjective sleepiness was seen more among the night-shift nurses than the day-shift ones; however, the mean difference scores of fatigue did not differ between the two groups. Presumably, getting a 3-h nap during night shift and a heavy work load for day-shift nurses might result in insignificant fatigue between the groups. Furthermore, studies with new strategies for napping among nurses are recommended.

This study examined potential predictors of suicidal ideation among a nonclinical, rural adolescent population. A sample of 76 male and female adolescents enrolled in a rural public high school completed a personal information form, a suicide information questionnaire, short forms of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Family Environment Scale, and the Life Events Checklist. A stepwise multiple regression suggested significant predictive relationships between magnitude of suicidal ideation and measures of family social climate (i.e., Organization, Conflict, Expressiveness, and Independence subscales from the Family Environment Scale--Short Form). Multivariate analyses of variance and a discriminant-function analysis revealed no significant sex differences.

Rice straw is a major kind of biomass that can be utilized as lignocellulosic materials and renewable energy. Rapid prediction of the lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and organic elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur) of rice straw would help to decipher its growth mechanisms and thereby improve its sustainable usages. In this study, 364 rice straw samples featuring different rice subspecies (japonica and indica), growing seasons (early-, middle-, and late-season), and growing environments (irrigated and rainfed) were collected, the differences among which were examined by multivariate analysis of variance. Statistic results showed that the cellulose content exhibited significant differences among different growing seasons at a significant level (p < 0.01), and the contents of cellulose and nitrogen had significant differences between different growing environments (p < 0.01). Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) models for predicting the lignocellulosic and organic elements were developed based on two algorithms including partial least squares (PLS) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-partial least squares (CARS-PLS). Modeling results showed that most CARS-PLS models are of higher accuracy than the PLS models, possibly because the CARS-PLS models selected optimal combinations of wavenumbers, which might have enhanced the signal of chemical bonds and thereby improved the predictive efficiency. As a major contributor to the applications of rice straw, the nitrogen content was predicted precisely by the CARS-PLS model. Generally, the CARS-PLS models efficiently quantified the lignocellulose and organic elements of a wide variety of rice straw. The acceptable accuracy of the models allowed their practical applications. Keywords: rice straw, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy models, rapid prediction, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, partial least-squares, lignocellulose DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191202.4374 Citation: Diallo A A, Yang Z L, Shen G H, Ge J Y, Li Z C, Han L J. Comparison and rapid prediction of lignocellulose and organic elements of a wide variety of rice straw based on near infrared spectroscopy. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(2): 166–172.

This study is to investigate work-family conflict and organizational commitment are negatively correlated; family supportive supervisor behaviors and work-family centrality moderating effects organizational commitment and work-family conflict. This research surveyed army-owned units. Totally 400 copies of the questionnaire were released; 316 valid copies were returned with a valid sample return rate of 79%. Through statistical analyses such as multivariate analysis of variance (MNOVA), Pearson's product moment correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses, the results of the investigation demonstrate the following important findings: 1. Work interfering with family and organizational commitment are negatively correlated. 2. Family supportive supervisor behaviors was found to have partially moderating effects between work-family conflict and organizational commitment. 3. Work-family centrality was found to have moderating effects between work interfering with family and organizational commitment.

Objective To observe the surface micro-topography of multiple femoral heads under different grouping and to extract, analyze and summarize the topographic parameters. Methods During 2016 to 2017, 43 cases of femoral head specimens for patients with artificial femoral head replacement or total hip arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were collected. The inclusion criteria: the patients who have completed bone density examination before surgery, no abnormalities in blood tests and signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria: the patients with old fractures, or with a history of bone metabolic diseases, tumors, local inflammation, tuberculosis, and hereditary diseases. The specimens divided into three groups according to age, sex and bone density: (1)the middle-aged group (42-59 years old, n=7)and the elderly group (60-83 years old, n=36); (2)the male group (n=21) and the female group (n=22); (3)the normal bone mass group (n=9), the bone mass reduction group (n=13), and the osteoporosis group (n=21). The surface microscopic morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the morphology parameters were extracted by ImageJ software. The data of the microscopic topography parameters (diameter, angle and length) were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Results Different bone surface morphology was found in each group. (1)The micro-topography parameters of the three groups were as follows: in the osteoporosis group, the mineralized collagen fiber bundle diameter was (1.57±0.46)μm, the length was (19.14±7.98)μm, angle was (66.67±9.40)°; in the osteopenia group, the diameter of collagen fibril bundle diameter was (2.02±0.71)μm, the length was (23.10±7.89)μm and the angle was (51.66±14.78)°; in the normal bone mass group, the diameter of collagen fibril bundle diameter was (2.22±0.25)μm, the length was (27.02±12.25)μm and the angle was (46.85±7.53)°.Statistical analysis showed significant difference in diameter among the three groups (F =33.687, P 0.05). Conclusions SEM can clearly and completely characterize the microstructure of the bone surface, and the microscopic morphology parameters can be accurately and reliably extracted by using ImageJ software. Different state of bone will lead to the changes of the surface micro-morphology, including mineralize collagen fibers diameter, length, orientation of the different distribution. Key words: Femur Head; Morphology; Microscopy, electron, scanning

To determine the impact of dry eye on quality of life, depression, anxiety, and stress in a healthy youthful clinical sample. This was a clinic-based cross-sectional study. Subjects were patients visiting the University of Cape Coast Eye Clinic for comprehensive eye examination. The age range for recruitment into the study was 16 to 35 years. Eligible participants completed three questionnaires namely the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), short version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21), dry eye quality of life score (DEQS) questionnaire. All eligible participants underwent clinical assessment including meibomian gland expressibility, corneal staining, tear breakup time, and Schirmer 1 test. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were used to determine the impact of the OSDI score on DASS-21 subscales scores and the dry eye quality of life scores. All 211 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. The mean age for the entire sample was 21.6±3.0 years with a range of (17-31) years. Spearman correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant association between OSDI scores and DEQSs (P<0.001), anxiety scores (P<0.001), depression scores (P<0.001), and stress scores (P<0.001). Spearman correlation coefficient showed no statistically significant association between clinical test results and quality of life scores (P>0.05), DASS-21 subscales scores (P>0.05), except anxiety subscale and meibomian gland expressibility score (P=0.026). There were no statistically significant association between clinical test results and OSDI scores (P>0.05) except for the tear breakup time (P=0.018). Using Pillai's trace in the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), there was a significant effect of OSDI severity classification on depression, anxiety, and stress subscales scores of the DASS-21, V=0.37, F(3, 207)=9.67, P<0.001. Furthermore, separate univariate analyses of variances on the outcome variables revealed a significant effect of OSDI severity classification on depression F(3, 207)=35.24, P<0.001, anxiety F(3, 207)=25.27, P<0.001, and stress F(3, 207)=13.08, P<0.001. The MANOVA was followed up with a discriminant analysis, which revealed three discriminant functions. When subjects were classified according to the OSDI grading of severity, there were a statistically significant difference between all levels of severity dry eye symptoms for the DEQSs (F(3, 207) = 63.9.3 P<0.001, η=0.48). The study showed that the severity of dry eye symptoms impacted on psychosomatic symptoms and quality of life. The study also revealed that the severity of dry eye symptoms impacted more on the depressive symptoms compared with other psychosomatic symptoms in this youthful clinical sample.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Bidin Yatim, Suzilah Ismail; MANOVA versus alternative methods. AIP Conf. Proc. 4 December 2014; 1635 (1): 934–939. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4903694 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between university students free time management, social media addiction and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic.The sample group of the study consists of 114 female and 291 male university students. Free Time Management Scale, Social Media Addiction Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection instruments in the research. SPSS 25 package program was used in the analysis of the data; In their statistical representations, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and frequency values are presented. For analysis to the data set; T-Test for Independent Samples, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Correlation Test were applied.When the T-Test results for Independent Samples are examined; In terms of gender variable, a significant difference was found in favor of women in the “goal setting and method” sub-dimension of the Free Time Management Scale. When the results of Multivariate Analysis of Variance MANOVA test were examined; In terms of daily social media usage times, a significant difference was found in the sub-dimensions of preoccupation, mood regulation, repetition and conflict of the Social Media Addiction Scale.As a result, it is seen that there is a relationship between university student participants’ free time management and social media addiction. However, no relationship was found between life satisfaction and social media addiction. While a low negative correlation was found between the total score of life satisfaction and the free time management programming sub-dimension, no correlation was found between the sub-dimensions of goal determination and method, assessment and free time attitude.

Objectives The purposes of this study were to investigate the attitudes toward physical education and physical activity levels of middle school students in Jiangxi Province, China, and explore the relationship between these two factors. Methods The subjects consisted of 722 middle school students (male: 371 and female: 351) from 7th to 9th grade at four public middle schools in Jiangxi Province, China. The measurement tools were used the Chinese version of Students' Attitude Toward Physical Education (Hu et al., 2014) and the Chinese version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (Li, 2015). For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed, using SPSS 26 and AMOS 27 statistical program. Results The results showed that first, participants' attitudes toward physical education were generally positive across all grades and genders, with average scores above 3.0 for all sub-factors. According to the result of MANOVA, gender had a significant impact on all dependent variables [CE: F(1, 716)=21.795, p&lt;.05; CU: F(1, 716)=14.818, p&lt;.05; TE: F(1, 716)=18.150, p&lt;.05; TU: F(1, 716)=8.130, p&lt;.05]; however, grade did not significantly affect attitudes. Second, physical activity levels varied by gender and grade, with males generally exhibiting higher (2.34) scores than females (1.88). According to a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), both gender [F(1, 716)=80.342, p＜.05] and grade [F(2, 716)=24.351, p＜.05) had significant effects on physical activity scores, while the interaction effect between grade and gender was not significant [F(2, 716)=1.659, p＞.05]. Third, correlation analysis revealed slightly positive relationships between physical activity and the four sub-scales of attitude [CE (r=.290, p&lt;.05); CU (r=.299, p&lt;.05); TE (r=.326, p&lt;.05); TU (r=.283, p&lt;.05)]. Conclusions The results of this study are expected to enhance the understanding of middle school students by schools and physical education teachers for the development of physical education in China, and to contribute to the development of future physical education programs by providing theoretical evidence.