Mussolini’s National Project in Argentina

The acceleration and diversification of the movement across borders of millions of people has recently implied a heightened relevance of topics such as ethnicity, race and migration in the social sciences. Nevertheless, being migration a highly interdisciplinary and complex issue, the diverse national academic traditions and methodologies of investigation currently existing have up to now hindered the development of a clear framework for the understanding of the phenomenon. Through this special issue HERMES (European Researchers in Migration and Ethnic Studies) attempts to provide a dedicated arena offering European researchers the opportunity to disseminate the results of their investigations in the field of migration and, in particular, of reflecting on fieldwork and/or methodological issues. The eight articles presented here all contribute – in their own ways – to the provision of a reflexive ground for the understanding of methodological choices and options and, hopefully, to the creation of a shared understanding of such issues across disciplines and research traditions.

In the memoirs of Jewish victims, Italian Fascism’s antisemitic turn has typically been described as an unexpected and sudden betrayal by Mussolini’s government, a ‘bolt from the blue’ that struck the well integrated Italian Jewish community without any forewarning. This study describes the plight of Italian Jews and the choices they faced during the first phase of the persecution (1938–43). Furthermore, by demonstrating that the antisemitic campaign was, in fact, the final and most radical step in an increasing racialisation of the regime’s stance over the 1930s, it tackles the question of whether, in earlier years, there had been subtle signs, or even dear warnings, that should have made the racial laws if not foreseeable, at least ideologically conceivable to the Italian Jewish community.

Reviewed by: Kugel and Frijoles: Latino Jews in the United States by Laura Limonic Yael Siman Laura Limonic . Kugel and Frijoles: Latino Jews in the United States . Detroit, MI : Wayne State University Press , 2019 . 264 pp. doi:10.1017/S0364009420000707 Laura Limonic's Kugel and Frijoles raises a series of questions relevant to the social sciences, migration studies, and Latin American Jewish studies: In what ways do immigrants navigate ethnic and racial categories in their host society? How is "insider" status obtained within existing social hierarchies, and how does it influence life chances? To what extent are immigrants able to define their identities to situate themselves within American society? How do various groups interact with the host society's structural conditions, leading to particular outcomes, such as assimilation? Limonic specifies two conditions conducive to immigrant assimilation in the United States: high human and social capital combined with racial proximity to the host society's mainstream. To test her hypotheses, Limonic conducted eighty-five in-depth interviews of Latin American Jewish immigrants—mostly from Argentina, Mexico, and Venezuela—as well as participant observation in Argentina. Additionally, she analyzed data from the Pew Center's study on American Jews. She presents new information on an understudied population. Limonic considers assimilation the main outcome for Latino Jews in the United States, and nonassimilation for Jews in Latin America. However, socioeconomic, political, and cultural realities are more complex. Limonic nods to the diversity of the Latin American landscape, but subsumes it under an overriding commonality: "While it is not possible to describe the rich history of immigration, community building, and economic and social insertion of Jews in Latin America in one chapter, it is possible to glean from these cases concordant themes that unite the Jewish experience across Latin America" (43). These themes include status as religious minorities vis-à-vis the Catholic majority, strong communal institutions, and elevated levels of antisemitism, which contribute to the development of an ethnic and cultural Jewish identity that differs from Jewish identities in the United States. However, there are multiple realities in Latin America and its Jewish communities. Limonic argues that Latin American Jews "have a strong sense of Jewishness and are often immersed in vibrant and robust communities." But, as has been widely analyzed (by Haim Avni, Judit Bokser Liwerant, and [End Page 220] Sergio DellaPergola), Jewishness and the character of Jewish communities are not identical across the region. This diversity even appears in Limonic's interviews. She writes that Latin American Jews are not wholly excluded from the mainstream, but rather they hold some prominent positions and take part in the cultural traditions of their countries. Thus, the insularity of Jewish communities varies across countries, subethnic groups, and levels of religiosity. Still, Limonic argues that Jewish insularity is the dominant pattern in the region. While Limonic points to important contrasts between Jewish life in Latin America and the United States ( kehillah vs. a congregational model), there are similarities that are not equally underscored. For example, exogamous marriage rates are more similar between Argentina and the United States (close to 50 percent) than in Mexico or Venezuela. Recent studies and local surveys also point to different intensities and modalities of antisemitism in the region, which do not necessarily contrast starkly with realities in the United States. While the book's main focus is on Latino Jews in the United States, a deeper study of their original communities is required to better understand the relation between the cultural backgrounds of Jewish immigrants, their historical legacies, national political and cultural contexts, and their "situational choices" in US communities. Studies of the region show that unique regional crises have had a differing impact on Jewish communities in Argentina, Venezuela, and Mexico. Venezuelan Jews arrived in larger numbers to areas such as Miami-Dade County, and perhaps with a greater sense of vulnerability and insecurity than other Latin American Jewish immigrants. Their transnational links with their home country might have diminished not only because of their assimilation into American culture, but also given their political distance from the ruling regime and the mass exile of their community. Limonic clearly defines assimilation and the mechanisms through which immigrants achieve it. Nevertheless, the...

Analisi del rapporto tra storia del fascismo e storia delle professioni in Italia negli ultimi trent'anni, ripercorrendo in parallelo i rispettivi percorsi. La storia delle professioni, disciplina relativamente giovane, si è sviluppata negli anni 70 nell'ambito della storia sociale (soprattutto in Germania). Dopo una prima fase, concentrata sull'800 e in particolare sulle borghesie, a partire dalla metà degli anni 80 e soprattutto nel decennio successivo la ricerca si è incrociata con quella sul fascismo, ad esempio riguardo alla controversa categoria di consenso. Oggigiorno, in un contesto storiografico, politico e culturale diverso, i "binari" seguiti dalle due discipline sembrano essere di nuovo paralleli e poco dialoganti. The relationship between the history of Fascism and the history of the professions in Italy over the past three decades can be understood by retracing their paths in parallel. The history of the professions, a "young" discipline, born in the late 1970s in the context of social history (especially in Germany), only since the mid-1980s and especially in the 1990s highlighted some important links with the historical reflection on Fascism, with particular regard to the controversial category of consensus. Nowadays, in a different historiographical, cultural and political context, researchs on Italian Fascism and that on the professions appear to have parted again

This edited volume presents a useful contribution to the migration history of Latin America, situated squarely in the transdisciplinary field of migration studies and following the equally interesting 2017 volume by two of the coeditors. As noted in the introduction, the volume seeks to move away from studies of specific ethnic groups—the editors criticize the homogenizing effects of approaches that project a false cohesion onto groups such as “the Italians” or “the Spanish”—and prefers a comparative perspective on national case studies. In this sense the volume's contributors seek to focus on the particularities of national host sites as well as the “diasporic perspective” of, say, Italians in Argentina and Brazil (pp. 3–4). Though the volume successfully fulfills this goal, this is not an entirely new approach; it goes back at least to works such as Fernando Devoto's Historia de la inmigración en la Argentina (2003) or Samuel Baily and Eduardo Míguez's Mass Migration to Modern Latin America (2003). One could also argue the reverse: that methodological nationalism keeps one from seeing the transnational aspects of migration, though this is not a trap that this volume's authors fall into.More originally, and in line with the contributors' previous work, the case studies themselves focus heavily on less studied migratory groups, particularly Jews, Palestinians, and Syrian Lebanese—no doubt a reflection of many of the authors' connections with Tel Aviv University—as well as Chinese and Japanese in Argentina. Though the editors insist rightly on the need to move beyond authors from a given ethnic group writing about their own history, this volume does not entirely escape this and includes a large number of Jewish authors writing about Jewish and Middle Eastern migrants (p. 4). Among the most fascinating chapters are the three that focus on inter-American migratory flows by addressing US immigrants in Costa Rica, Colombian women in Ecuador (many of whom received asylum), and the Franco-Brazilian borderlands. Indeed, these three cases highlight the need for further historical research in order to broaden the focus from the era of mass European migration to the Americas before the world wars and mass Latin American emigration to the north in the latter decades of the twentieth century.Though space does not allow for a summary of all the book's chapters, several themes stand out, including the ways in which gender shaped the migration experience (of Jews to Argentina at the beginning of the twentieth century and Colombians to Ecuador in the beginning of the twenty-first), the imagining of distant homelands after emigration, and the tensions between forces of discrimination and homogenization that pull migrants in different directions. As in many edited volumes, the comparisons between the different case studies are mostly implicit or tackled in the introduction and conclusion. The compelling chapters on Palestinian migration, for example, could have gained from comparisons with the experiences of immigrants from Italy and Spain, for example, who became Italian or Spanish by identifying with an “imagined homeland” (pp. 105–6). An exception is a particularly interesting chapter by Claudia Stern that analyzes Arab and Jewish integration in Chile through the lens of two well-known politicians who represented middle-class intellectuals' rise at the expense of traditional landed elites. The illuminating concluding essay, by Jürgen Buchenau and Jerry Dávila, exemplifies how migration studies can explore the limits of ideologies of mestizaje in Mexico and Brazil by illuminating such ideologies' nationalist, homogenizing, and exclusionist tendencies.I thoroughly enjoyed the volume, and all the chapters are informative, though it should be noted that the volume's title is a misnomer. The book does not analyze in depth refugees and asylum in Latin America. Though several of the chapters deal with the topics in passing, they are not the object of analysis and are not treated as objects of study. This perhaps points to a conceptual blind spot, in that the ethnic studies approach can in some cases overshadow the politics of exile. Though both are related, and the study of refugees and asylum clearly needs to be based on migration studies, a greater attention to the questions of asylum and legal status would have brought to light a different set of issues. This is particularly true given the prominence of recent asylum cases, such as those of Evo Morales and Julian Assange, which also—and perhaps not coincidentally—deal with inter-American politics. This in no way, however, takes away from an informative volume that makes a significant contribution to ethnic and migration studies in Latin America.

Book Review| July 01 1978 Review: Family and Community, Italian Immigrants in Buffalo, 1880-1930 by Virginia Yans-McLaughlin Virginia Yans-McLaughlin. Family Immigrants in Buffalo, 1880-1930. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977, 286 pp., $12.50. Frank J. Cavaioli Frank J. Cavaioli State University of New York at Farmingdale Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Explorations in Ethnic Studies (1978) 1 (2): 49–50. https://doi.org/10.1525/ees.1978.1.2.49 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Frank J. Cavaioli; Review: Family and Community, Italian Immigrants in Buffalo, 1880-1930 by Virginia Yans-McLaughlin. Explorations in Ethnic Studies 1 July 1978; 1 (2): 49–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/ees.1978.1.2.49 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentEthnic Studies Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright, ©EES, The National Association for Ethnic Studies, 19781978 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

This review is dedicated to the monograph by Filip Škiljan, а Researcher from the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies (Zagreb), whose area of interest includes the position of ethnic minorities in contemporary Croatia. The book is an extremely detailed and scrupulous piece of research on the origins and history of the Italian community in Zagreb from the 12th Century to the present day. A significant part of the work is devoted to the results of field research conducted by the author, including interviews with different representatives of the Italian diaspora. As a result, this work creates a very comprehensive picture of the Italian presence in Zagreb with a broad historical perspective, which makes it a great contribution to the question of the position of the Italian minority in Croatia as a whole. It is worth emphasizing that this work is not free from different theoretical and methodological limitations which reveal a great deal about the historical and national psychology of Croatia. In this respect, it is quite interesting to look in particular at the chapter devoted to the Middle Ages regarding the methods, evaluations, and approaches used by author. According to F. Škiljan the Ottoman conquest of the Balkan peninsula led to the divide between Croatia and the Italian (and, consequently, European) civilizational space, which had a serious impact on Croatian identity.

The Romance of Assimilation: Studying the Demographic Outcomes of Ethnic Intermarriage in American History

The boundaries of Little Italy are not precise, and have shifted over time. In the 19th century, the district extended south of Canal Street into the area identified by Jacob Riis as the “Mulberry Bend,” and described as “the foul core of New York’s slums.”3 By the 1960s, Little Italy had retreated across Canal Street, as the Italian population began to leave the neighborhood for other areas in the city. For the purposes of this paper, Little Italy shall be understood as comprising three census tracts in New York City’s Manhattan county, numbers 41, 43, and 45. This area, lying within a short walking distance of City Hall, is roughly bounded by Canal Street on the south, Bowery on the East, Broadway on the west, and East Houston street to the north. Nicknamed the Mulberry District, it became the first and largest Italian enclave in the United States between 1870s and 1924. While there had been an Italian community in New York for generations, historian George Pozetta has argued that the winter of 1872–1873 was pivotal in the development of this community, when more than 2000 poor Italian immigrants, arrived at Castle Garden, the immigrant reception center, unable to care for themselves.4 These immigrants were quickly fitted in to the preexisting Italian community, taking advantage of the contacts provided by the bossi, typically northern Italian men who had arrived earlier, to find jobs in such local enterprises as groceries and saloons, and with American employers. Once the new comers settled, a process of chain-migration began. By the later 1870s, the bossi were acting as agents for gangs of labor sent out from New York to work in other areas across North American. As a result, the Mulberry district became a sort of transshipment point for Italian labor.

This study explores the dynamics of cultural integration, assimilation, and identity formation of Italian immigrants in American films in the 20th century. It makes a comparative analysis of two iconic films, The Godfather II and Mean Streets, through the lens of audiovisual language. Drawing upon the semiotics theory, mirror theory, and root theory, this research aims to analyze the dynamic changes in culture, economy, and emotions experienced by Italian immigrants. The study is anchored in three key aspects. First, it focuses on the identity politics of Italian immigrants in the United States, with a spotlight on second-generation immigrants. Unlike the first generation, they retain a strong sense of separation from their Italian roots, exhibiting few traces of a transitional identity arc. The second aspect revolves around the directors reconstruction of national history in a global context and its connection to the Mafias influence on economic predicament. Lastly, by looking into the narrative symbols in these films, this research continuously explores the emotional dynamics in the process of cultural integration.

The Costs and Returns of Human Migration

This report is written by students in the Ethnic and Migration Studies Master’s Programme, part of the Research Institute in Migration, Ethnicity, and Society (REMESO) at Linköping University, based on the Norrköping campus. REMESO is an internationally renowned institute that pursues research in migration and ethnic relations. The Master’s Programme is highly sought after, with students coming from all over the world to attend. Their interest in how migration transforms the world and how it influences other social phenomena has fuelled their work in this publication. In their first year of studies, students take the course Critical Cases in Ethnic and Migration Studies, led by Erik Berggren as course coordinator and Kenna Sim-Sarka. The course is designed for students to apply the theoretical knowledge and experiences gained throughout the first year’s courses to produce articles beyond an academic audience for the broader public. Each REMS report is based around a specific theme, with previous themes including migration and Covid-19, migration and Ukraine, and migration and democracy. The REMS report is one of the many ways in which we, as students, are trained to identify and analyse issues related to migration, integration, and diversity and to make research accessible to a wider audience. This year’s overarching theme is Migration and Culture, sparked by recent developments in Sweden’s and Norrköping’s politics of decreasing and cutting funds for cultural activities. Arts and culture are both areas of expression for migrant communities and people on the move, as well as those fighting against racism, discrimination, and exclusion. The current debate on “Swedish culture” and on a “Swedish cultural canon” recalls monolithic understandings of culture as a natural and immutable construct, contributing to the polarisation of views rather than the multiplication of perspectives and conceptions of it. Like culture, which can be visualised as a tapestry created from different threads, different contributions, woven together to form something complex, this report is also a collection of varied articles, united by a common theme. Some articles in this report look at the accessibility of culture in Sweden and its transmission through all kinds of mediums, such as TV programmes; others engage artists or “social artists” who care about issues like migration and the fight against racism and discrimination, and some focus on specific aspects of culture and arts, such as language, food, and music. The first-year students of EMS, 2024.

Previous articleNext article No AccessRemittances and the Unit of Analysis in Anthropological ResearchRobert A. MannersRobert A. Manners Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 21, Number 3Autumn, 1965 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.21.3.3629227 Views: 11Total views on this site Citations: 23Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in the Southwestern Journal of Anthropology (1945-1972), which is continued by the Journal of Anthropological Research (1973-present). Copyright 1965 Department of Anthropology, The University of New MexicoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Karen Fog Olwig From Local Community Studies to Migration Research or: When Does Caribbean(ist) Anthropology Cease to be Caribbean?, The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 27, no.33 (Aug 2022): 437–440.https://doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12612Stephan Palmié Caribbeanist Anthropology and Minerva's Owl: Lessons Forgotten, Lessons Learned, The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 27, no.33 (Sep 2022): 289–308.https://doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12621Kevin A. Yelvington A Fourth Shift: Women Factory Workers Working the Articulations of Caribbean Capitalism, The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 27, no.33 (Aug 2022): 352–385.https://doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12606Guoqing Ma Islands and the world from an anthropological perspective, International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology 4, no.11 (Oct 2020).https://doi.org/10.1186/s41257-020-00038-xKaren Fog Olwig Islands as Places of Being and Belonging, Geographical Review 97, no.22 (Nov 2019): 260–273.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2007.tb00402.xGODFREY BALDACCHINO ISLAND ENTREPRENEURS: INSIGHTS FROM EXCEPTIONALLY SUCCESSFUL KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SMES FROM 5 EUROPEAN ISLAND TERRITORIES, Journal of Enterprising Culture 13, no.0202 (Jun 2005): 145–170.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495805000100Roger Sanjek Rethinking migration, ancient to future, Global Networks 3, no.33 (Jul 2003): 315–336.https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0374.00064Gwen Gustafson Scott Situating Fijian transmigrants: towards racialised transnational social spaces of the undocumented, International Journal of Population Geography 9, no.22 (Jan 2003): 181–198.https://doi.org/10.1002/ijpg.278David Kaplan Obituaries, American Anthropologist 101, no.22 (Jun 1999): 388–392.https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.2.388Karen Fog Olwig Caribbean place identity: From family land to region and beyond, Identities 5, no.44 (Apr 1999): 435–467.https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.1999.9962626Karen Fog Olwig Narratives of the children left behind: Home and identity in globalised Caribbean families, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 25, no.22 (Apr 1999): 267–284.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976685Margaret Byron The Caribbean‐born population in 1990s Britain: Who will return?, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 25, no.22 (Apr 1999): 285–301.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976686Herbert S. Lewis The Misrepresentation of Anthropology and Its Consequences, American Anthropologist 100, no.33 (Jan 2008): 716–731.https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.716Godfrey Baldacchino Labour Formation in Small Developing States: a conceptual review, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 25, no.33 (Jan 1995): 263–278.https://doi.org/10.1080/0305792950250307John Connell 16: Paradise Left? Pacific Island Voyagers in the Modern World, Center for Migration Studies special issues 5, no.33 (Jul 2012): 375–404.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411X.1987.tb00968.xCharles H. Wood, Terry L. McCoy Migration, Remittances and Development: A Study of Caribbean Cane Cutters in Florida , International Migration Review 19, no.22 (Jun 2018): 251–277.https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838501900203Hymie Rubenstein Remittances and Rural Underdevelopment in the English-Speaking Caribbean, Human Organization 42, no.44 (Dec 1983): 295–306.https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.42.4.0709108414538471Robert A. Manners Carrying Capacity and the Politics of Overpopulation: Cultural Ecology Revisited, Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 6, no.2-32-3 (Jan 2009): 2–15.https://doi.org/10.1525/ahu.1981.6.2-3.2Bonham C. Richardson Freedom and migration in the Leeward Caribbean, 1838–1848, Journal of Historical Geography 6, no.44 (Oct 1980): 391–408.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(80)90146-2P. H. Curson Notes and Comments, Pacific Viewpoint 20, no.22 (May 1979): 185–198.https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.202014Christine Barrow Migration from a Barbados village: Effects on family life, New Community 5, no.44 (Jun 2010): 381–391.https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1977.9975477Richard G. Fox Lineage Cells and Regional Definition in Complex Societies, (Jan 1976): 95–121.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-652102-3.50012-8Delmos J. Jones The Multivillage Comnunity: Village Segmentation and Coalescence in Northern Thailand, Behavior Science Notes 3, no.33 (Sep 2016): 149–174.https://doi.org/10.1177/106939716800300301

Swedish-American Borderlands: New Histories of Transatlantic Relations

In an increasingly ethnically diverse society, debates about migration, community, cultural difference and social interaction have never been more pressing. Drawing on the findings from a two-year, qualitative Economic and Social Research Council funded study of different locations across England, Lived Experiences of Multiculture uses interdisciplinary perspectives to examine the ways in which complex urban populations experience, negotiate, accommodate and resist cultural difference as they share a range of everyday social resources and public spaces. The authors present novel ways of re-thinking and developing concepts such as multiculture, community and conviviality, whilst also repositioning debates which focus on conflict models for understanding cultural differences. Amidst highly charged arguments over the social relations of belonging and the meanings of local and national identities, this timely volume will appeal to advanced undergraduate students and graduate students interested in fields such as Race and Ethnicity Studies, Sociology, Urban Studies, Human Geography and Migration Studies.