ゾーンプレートの拡張とその応用

An exploration into the assessment of hip extension strength and its importance for performance in professional soccer.

Agriculture extension and advisory services is a multidisciplinary discipline based on human interaction seeking to improve the livelihoods of farming communities and individuals by providing information and technologies. The training of extension staff is important as it has a bearing on their effectiveness in the office and in the field. This study sought to determine the HRD activities in agricultural extension and advisory services in the public and private sector. The study was done in 5 counties in Kenya and a total of 440 agricultural extension agents were sampled from the public and private extension service. HRD activities focused on formal and in-service training. 68 % of the respondents had attended formal education to improve their education with the majority 63.5 percent, having trained at the diploma level from certificate level while 21.1 % had undergone training at the degree level from diploma level. The main areas of specialization were Agricultural education (34.1 %), General agriculture (28.1 %) and Horticulture (11.7 %). The inclusion of non-agricultural areas of specialization such as Sustainable development and Strategic planning and management show the multidisciplinary nature of agriculture. Inservice courses attended were in the form of short courses, seminars, or workshops. These were clustered in five general areas; Crop Management, Management, Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Extension, and Animal Science. Most respondents (40.9 percent) had undergone training in Crop management which covered various crop enterprises from breeding to postharvest management. The shift of agricultural policy toward business orientation is reflected in 13.0 % the respondents specializing in Agricultural Economics. These HRD activities show commitment of agricultural extension providers to improve the competencies of their staff to deliver effective services to farmers. The wide range of formal and in-service courses attended also reflects the need to meet the management and technical requirements of a pluralistic and demand driven extension service.

Abstract. This study analyses the relationship between disaggregated credit extension and financial distress in South Africa. Of particular interest is to isolate the components of disaggregated credit extension that show a strong relationship with the measure of financial distress. The empirical results reveal that aggregate total domestic credit extension is robustly positively correlated with the composite indicator of financial distress, while there is a mixed relationship between the components of disaggregated credit extension and the composite indicator of financial distress. In particular, the study finds that total domestic credit extension, instalment sale credit, loans and advances to households, investments and total loans and advances are highly correlated with the composite indicator of financial distress. Therefore,the study conjures that these components could be aggregated into a single measure of credit extension that could be usedfor financial stability purposes in South Africa. Keywords. Disaggregated credit extension, Financial distress. JEL. C32, E44, E51, G21.

The present study was carried out in the rice-wheat area of Pakistani Punjab. The data for the study was collected from three main districts of central Punjab Province i.e. Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Hafizabad. In total 234 farmers were interviewed. The impact of agricultural extension services was estimated on adoption of new improved technologies and crop yields. The propensity score matching approach for impact evaluation was employed in the current study to correct for potential sample selection biasedness that may arise due to systematic differences between the farmers having benefited from agricultural extension services and not benefited from agricultural extension services. The empirical results indicate that agricultural extension services play a significant role in adoption of improved agricultural technologies like laser leveling, rice and wheat varieties. The farmers having benefitted from agricultural extension services were also getting higher rice and wheat yields. The results also indicates that mostly the large farmers are getting benefits from agricultural extension services and small scale farmers have less access to agricultural extension services.

The main objective of this study was identifying the effects of educational, extension and research factors on the development of medicinal plants in Markazi Province of Iran. The statistical population included all managers, extension agents and experts involved in medicinal plants in Markazi Province in 2014 (N = 50), who were selected by the census sampling method (n=50). The research instrument was a questionnaire whose face and content validity were confirmed by a panel of experts and specialists of medicinal plants and also its reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha to be 0.78. Results showed that some factors such as informing and training the people about medicinal plants via television and training the physicians about medicinal plants benefits prove more effective in the development of this industry. On the other hand, from among five main factors which explained the variance of medicinal plants development factors, the following three factors have priority: training and extension of medicinal plants (Var. =16.54), educational standards of medicinal plants (Var. =13.18), and technical and vocational education (Var. =11.48). Also, the variables of education level, job experience in agriculture section, current attitude towards development of prescribing medicinal plants by physicians, current amount of using medicinal plants capacity in the province, and assessment of current attitudes toward medicinal plants production, have caused more significant difference in the view of statistical sample about the effect of some educational, extension and research factors on the medicinal plants industry development.

The deformational and metamorphic history of the Georgetown Inlier, North Queensland: implications for the 1.7 to 1.5 Ga tectonic evolution of northeastern Proterozoic Australia

Background and Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is associated with paraspinal muscle dysfunctions. A method to study the deep lumbar paraspinal muscle activation is with intramuscular electromyography (EMG). However, it is currently unknown how paraspinal muscle performance is affected by the invasive intramuscular insertion and the presence of the fine-wire electrode in the muscle. The purpose of this study was to analyze how insertion of fine-wire EMG into lumbar paraspinal muscle affects the lumbar paraspinal muscle fatigue, endurance, activation, and peak extension torque during high exertion spinal extension exercises. Participants: 20 individuals between the ages of 18-40 participated. The participants were healthy with no history of LBP within the last 6 months that required activity modification or medical care. Methods: Data was obtained during 3 separate testing sessions, spaced 5 to 10 days apart. The first session obtained baseline outcome measures without intramuscular insertion (BL), with subsequent sessions utilizing a random order of insertion followed by leaving the intramuscular electrode fine-wire in (WI) or out (WO) of the muscle. Lumbar paraspinal peak extension torque was assessed with isokinetic dynamometry. Lumbar paraspinal endurance was evaluated using the Sorensen test. Paraspinal muscle fatigue was assessed using the rate of change (slope) of the median frequency during the endurance test. Percent of muscle activation was calculated by using the average muscle activation level during the endurance task. Pain and discomfort levels were recorded using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at specific times during the test sessions. All outcome measures were compared across the 3 conditions using one-way repeated measures ANOVAs and post-hoc analyses when indicated. Results: Our results showed no significant difference in peak torque (p = 0.196) between the BL, WI, and WO conditions. A significant difference in lumbar paraspinal endurance was found between the 3 conditions (p = 0.025). Post-hoc analysis showed that the muscle endurance in the WO condition was significantly longer than the BL condition (161.30 ± 58.267 sec vs. 142.05 ± 48.159 sec; p = 0.037). Percent of muscle activation during the endurance testing was not significantly different between the 3 conditions (p = 0.120). Pain scores reported during the 3 conditions were minimal (ranged 0-4/10). No pain was reported on the first day of testing (BL). No significant difference in pain scores was found between the WI and WO conditions: during each of the the three MVIC trials, after the MVIC trials, during the Sorensen test, or after the Sorensen test (p = 0.104, p = 0.186, p = 0.214, p = 0.330, p = 0.527, p = 0.481, respectively). Discussion: Our findings suggested that the insertion and presence of fine-wire EMG in the lumbar paraspinal muscles had no significant impact on lumbar paraspinal muscle peak extension torque, activation or fatigue and induced minimal pain. However, the results did suggest that the insertion and subsequent removal of the fine-wire did have an affect on lumbar paraspinal endurance. This study provides empirical evidence to validate the use of fine-wire EMG for studying lumbar paraspinal muscles during activities that require high muscular exertion.

For certain sets F ⊂ (ω1)ω 1, a characterization is given of when there is an extension of the ground model (i.e., a forcing extension or an actual extension, which is ω1-preserving) containing an h which dominates each f ∈ F mod finite. If there exists such an h in some extension, then one exists in a forcing extension, in fact a canonical one.

Land Grant Education in Rhode Island began with the awarding of 1862 Morrill Act funds to Brown University, making it Rhode Island's first Land Grant College. Continuing controversy over the next two decades mostly through Rhode Island's Grange and other farm organizations led to the formation of the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (RICAM now the University of Rhode Island or URI). From the establishment of the Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station (RIAES) in 1888, station scientists engaged in a wide variety of Extension activities with local farmers and fishermen. The second president of RICAM now the University of Massachusetts). While at MAC he established an Extension Department there which further influenced the creation of the federal Smith-Lever Act of 1914 that established a Cooperative Extension program at all Land Grant Colleges nationwide. Later in 1966, administrators and faculty at URI made contributions to the expansion of the Land Grant philosophy toward the seacoast through the National Sea Grant College and Program Act of 1966. A Sea Grant College Act first proposed in 1963 by Athelstan F. Spilhaus of the University of Minnesota. It was later championed by John D. Knauss of the URI who worked with Sen. Claiborne Pell of Rhode Island in promoting the Sea Grant College and Program Act in 1965. First hearings for the Sea Grant bill were on 2 May 1966 at the URI campus in Kingston. The Smith-Lever Act Cooperative Extension programming philosophy was explicitly used by Pell as the model for the Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service, which is now successfully serving coastal communities nationwide.

Accuracy of Radiomics in the Identification of Extrathyroidal Extension and BRAFV600E Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

To determine retrospectively the role of endorectal magnetic resonance in the staging of prostate cancer. The aim of the study was to assess whether it is possible to identify a group of patients with prostate cancer, chosen for certain prognostic factors, eligible for radiotherapy that could take advantage of endorectal magnetic resonance in staging and therapy management. Between January 2002 and December 2005, 143 patients with biopsy proven prostate cancer underwent endorectal magnetic resonance. All patients were initially evaluated considering the following prognostic factors: serum prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, Gleason score, histological grade, involvement of the seminal vesicle and extracapsular extension using the Roach III and ECE equations. The findings were then compared to the results of endorectal magnetic resonance. The relationship between the variable post-endorectal magnetic resonance stage modification and Gleason score was statistically significant (P = 0.02847). In addition, our study showed a statistically significant correlation between the risk of seminal vesicle involvement according to the Roach III formula and post-endorectal magnetic resonance stage modification (P = 0.01305). Conversely, statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between post-endorectal magnetic resonance stage modification and prostate-specific antigen values (P = 0.83440) or between post-endorectal magnetic resonance stage modification and the risk of extracapsular extension according to the extracapsular extension formula (P = 0.42748). Our data suggest that endorectal magnetic resonance could be used for staging of the subgroup of patients at high risk of seminal vesicle involvement (> 15%). Although we found a statistical correlation between Gleason score and post-endorectal magnetic resonance stage modification, statistical analysis showed no correlation between any of the subgroups. Therefore, it is not possible at the moment to identify a subgroup of patients by Gleason score that may benefit from endorectal magnetic resonance. In our opinion, extracapsular extension values were not useful to select patients for endorectal magnetic resonance.

Computerized testing of 20 élite male athletes was performed to determine the effect of 7 mg kg-1 caffeine on strength and power of the knee extensors and flexors. Subjects received counterbalanced administrations of either caffeine or a placebo on two separate occasions. Peak torque (T) was measured for knee extension (ET) and flexion (FT) at angular velocities of 30 degrees, 150 degrees and 300 degrees s-1. Additionally, performance for the first 125 ms (TAE) and power (W) were recorded during 300 degrees s-1. Testing sessions were held 1 week apart, at which time the placebo/caffeine administration was reversed. A 2 x 2 repeated measures analysis of variance supplemented with a Neuman-Keuls post hoc test showed the following--significant caffeine-related increases (P < 0.05) for ET at 30 degrees s-1, ET at 300 degrees s-1, and ETAE, and EW at 300 degrees s-1. Dependent t-tests performed for pre- to post-test means showed significant changes for the caffeine group in ET at 30 degrees s-1, FT at 30 degrees s-1, FT at 150 degrees s-1, ET at 300 degrees s-1, FT at 300 degrees s-1, E and FTAE, and EW at 300 degrees s-1. No significant effects were found for the placebo trial in any variable. It was concluded that caffeine can favourably affect some strength parameters in highly resistance-trained males. However, differences in subject fibre type, motivation and caffeine sensitivity need to be elucidated.

Farmer to farmer extension agents (PPS) are expected to cover the shortage of state agricultural extension agents. This role can be optimized if supported by high competency.. The research objectives are to 1) identify the level of competence of PPS; 2) analyze the factors that influence the competency of PPS. The study was conducted in Sumbawa District in July 2018 - August 2018. The study used a quantitative approach with the census method.. The research sample of 87 PPS in the rice center sub-districts in Sumbawa District. The data were collected by using questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using PLS. The results of the research showed the indicators of PPS competencies in high category were: in developing entrepreneurship, developing leadership, being an foster for farmers. The indicators of capability planning development, carrying out extension activities, coordinating, delivering information and innovation, solving problems, making activity reports were in medium category. The indicators of develop farmer groups and establish partnerships were in low category. The affecting factors of PPS competencies in variable PPS personal characteristics were represented by motivation in the business and creative-innovative character. Beside that, the affecting factors in variable institutional support represented by the support of the agriculture department and company or banking support.

En este artículo se presentan diferentes procesos transitados desde la Universidad Nacional Río Cuarto en relación al camino a la integralidad. Se mencionan las acciones e historia del Consejo Social Universitario, como actor central de vinculación y articulador de las prácticas de aprendizaje, investigación y extensión, dado que deben darse de manera contextualizada e inserta en la realidad que se atraviesa. En tal sentido se avanza hacia la creación de mecanismos institucionales que den respuesta a las problemáticas, con programas institucionales. Se pretenden la integralidad, comprendida como la articulación de actores sociales y universitarios que conciben el hacer profundamente ligado al actual contexto socio-histórico. Esta propuesta se encuadra dentro de los lineamientos generales acordados en el Estatuto de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, en donde se expresa que la Universidad concibe a la extensión como otra forma de construcción de conocimiento articulado al saber científico. La extensión deberá abocarse al desarrollo del conocimiento práctico, experiencial, profesional e inductivo. Este conocimiento deberá generarse de manera local, transdisciplinarmente y tener finalidades prácticas, promoviendo la articulación y mutuo enriquecimiento de saberes.

“Being” is the widest single category, and if “reality” is the name for it then there is no division but instead an equivalence of “being” with “reality”; and we say that anything that has being is real and we include in this category abstract objects, such as “circularity” or “binarity,” as well as concrete objects, and do not save reality only for what exists but apply it equally to what could exist; but if there is a division of “being,” then either both of the resultant parts are said to possess “reality” in which case it is not necessary to name it since the name would make no distinction, as for example in the case of possibility and actuality or the abstract and the concrete, which are the same with respect to “reality”; or one only is said to possess “reality,” in which case it must be named, as for example in the case of “reality” and “appearance” or “reality” and “illusion”; or it is not named, as for example in the case of “thought” and “extension,” in which “thought” is said to be superior to “extension” or “extension” superior to “thought” with “superior to” in what sense left undetermined if not indeterminate; and similarly in the case of three categories rather than two, and so forth.